France
France In France The Arrangements For Technical And Commercial Education Were Re-organised By The Loi Astier Of 1919, And By A Decree Of 1922 The Organisations, Public And Private, Interested In Vocational Guidance Were Placed Under An Under-secretary Of State For Technical Education. Each Department Into Which France Is Divided ...
Francis
Francis, The 5th Earl, Took Part In The Invasions Of Scotland Under Henry Viii. And Edward Vi., And Was One Of The Two Peers Who Alone Opposed The Bill For Abolishing The Pope's Jurisdiction Under Elizabeth. His Son George, Who Succeeded, Was The To Whom The Custody Of Mary Stuart ...
Francisco Suarez
Suarez, Francisco Spanish Theologian And Philosopher, Was Born At Granada On Jan. 5, 1548, And Edu Cated At Salamanca. Influenced By The Jesuit John Ramirez He Entered The Society Of Jesus In 1564, And After Teaching Philosophy At Segovia, Taught Theology At Valladolid, At Alcala, At Salamanca, And At Rome ...
Francois Joseph 1763 1826 Talma
Talma, Francois Joseph (1763-1826), French Actor, Was Born In Paris On Jan. 15, 1763. His Father, A Dentist There, And Afterwards In London, Gave Him A Good English Educa Tion, And He Returned To Paris, Where For A Year And A Half He Prac Tised Dentistry. He Made His Debut ...
Frano Supilo
Supilo, Frano (187o-1917), Yugoslav Statesman, Was Born Of Poor Croat Parents At Cavtat (ragusa Vecchia) In Southern Dalmatia. In 190o He Became Editor Of Novi List, A Croat Paper Published At Fiume, Which Became A Rallying Ground For Opposition To The Intolerable Regime, Of Count Khuen Heder Vary. In 1905, ...
Frederick 182 Temple
Temple, Frederick (182 I-19o2) , English Divine, Arch Bishop Of Canterbury, Was Born In Santa Maura, One Of The Ionian Islands, The Son Of Major Octavius Temple. He Was Educated At Blundell's School, Tiverton, And At Balliol College, Oxford. The "tractarian Movement" Had Set In Five Years Bef Ore He ...
Frederick Robert Spofforth
Spofforth, Frederick Robert, "the Demon" (1853-1926), Australian Cricketer, Was Born At Sydney, N.s.w., On Sept. 9, 1853, And Died At Surbiton, Surrey, On June 4, 1926. He Was Educated At Eglington College, Sydney, And Played In Australia Up Till 1888, When He Came To England, And Played Occasionally In England ...
French Revolutionary Wars
French Revolutionary Wars And Conscription.) Their Im Petuous And Undisciplined Enthusiasm, Instability Of Temper, And Large Infusion Of New Blood, Made The Old Precise Drill Impossible. This Difficulty, In Compensation, Gave Birth To A Simple Yet Vital Change Whereby The French Marched And Fought At A Quick Step Of 120 ...
French Sudan
Sudan, French, One Of The Colonies Of French West Africa, Of Which The Area Is Now 380,557 Sq.m. (a Third Of French West Africa); Population (1933) 3,526,611; Less Than 2,000 Are Europeans. The Colony Of Upper Volta Was Separated From It In 1919, But A Portion Was Re-added On Jan. ...
French And American Tanks
French And American Tanks Independent Invention By The French.—the French Were Faced With The Same Difficulty As The British In The Early Stages Of The War, And Their Attacks Were Held Up By Machine-guns And Barbed Wire Although They Were Often Well Supported By Artillery Using High-explosive Shells. It Was ...
Friedrich Leopold Stolberg
Stolberg, Friedrich Leopold, Graf Zu (1750 1819), German Poet, The Younger Son Of Count Christian Stolberg, Was Born At Bramstedt In Holstein On Nov. 7, 175o. He Studied In Gottingen And Was A Member Of The Famous Gottinger Hain Or Dichterbund. After Leaving The University He Made A Journey To ...
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus
Suetonius Tranquillus, Gaius, Roman His Torian, Lived During The End Of The Ist And The First Half Of The 2nd Century A.d. He Was The Contemporary Of Tacitus And The Younger Pliny, And His Literary Work Seems To Have Been Chiefly Done In The Reigns Of Trajan And Hadrian (a.d. ...
Gasparo Luigi Pacifico 1774
Spontini, Gasparo Luigi Pacifico (1774 1851), Italian Composer, Was Born On Nov. 14, 1774, At Majolati (ancona) In Italy. He Was The Son Of A Poor Cobbler And Was Intended For The Priesthood. But He Obtained Lessons From Kapell Meister Quintiliani, And In 1791 Went To The Conservatorio De' Turchini ...
General Theory Of Capillary
General Theory Of Capillary Action It Is Found By Experiment That The Forces Between Molecules To Which Cohesion Is Due Only Act Pre Ceptibly Across Very Short Distances. If We Regard The Forces Between Two Particles As Acting According To A Law Depending Only Upon Their Positions It Must Vary ...
Georg 1598 1672 Stjernhjelm
Stjernhjelm, Georg (1598-1672), Swedish Poet And Scholar, Whose Original Name Was Goran Lilja, Was Born At Wika In Dalecarlia On Aug. 7, 1598. He Took His Degree At Greifswald, And Spent Some Years In Travelling Over Every Quarter Of Europe. Gustavus Adolphus Gave Him A Responsible Post At Dorpat In ...
George 1736 1800 Steevens
Steevens, George (1736-1800), English Shakespear Ian Commentator, Was Born At Poplar On May Io, 1736, The Son Of An East India Captain, Afterwards A Director Of The Company. He Was Educated At Eton And At King's College, Cambridge. Leaving The University (1756) Without A Degree, He Settled In Chambers In ...
George 1781 1848 Stephenson
Stephenson, George (1781-1848), English Engineer, Was The Second Son Of Robert Stephenson, Fireman Of A Colliery Engine At Wylam, Near Newcastle, Where He Was Born On June 9, 1781. In Boyhood He Was Employed As A Cowherd, And Afterwards He Drove The "gin-horse" At A Colliery. At 14 He Became ...
George Spalatin
Spalatin, George, The Name Taken By George Burk Hardt An Important Figure In The History Of The Reformation, Who Was Born On Jan. 17, 1484, At Spalt (whence He Assumed The Name Spalatinus), Near Nuremberg, Where His Father Was A Tanner. He Went To School At Nuremberg, And After Wards ...
Gilbert 1755 1828 Stuart
Stuart, Gilbert (1755-1828), American Artist, Was Born At North Kingstown (r.i.) On Dec. 3, 1755. He Studied At Newport (r.i.) With Cosmo Alexander, And Went With Him To Scotland, But Returned To America After Alexander's Death, And Obtained Many Portrait Commissions. In 1775 He Went To Eng Land, And Became ...
Giuseppe Tartini
Tartini, Giuseppe Italian Violinist, Corn Poser And Musical Theorist, Was Born At Pirano, Istria, On April 8, 1692. In Early Life He Studied, With Equal Want Of Success, For The Church, The Law Courts And The Profession Of Arms. As A Young Man He Was Wild And Irregular, And He ...
Gustav 7 1929 Stresemann
Stresemann, Gustav 7_-1929), German States Man, Was Born In Berlin On May Io, 1878, Son Of Ernst Strese Mann, A Wholesale Beer Merchant. He Was Educated At The Berlin Gymnasium And At The Universities Of Berlin And Leipzig, Where He Studied Philosophy And Political Economy, And Became Promi Nent As ...
Hans 1494 1561 Tausen
Tausen, Hans (1494-1561), The Protagonist Of The Danish Reformation, Was Born At Birkende In In 1494. The Quick Witted Peasant Lad Ran Away From The Plough At An Early Age, Finally Settling Down As A Friar In The Johannite Cloister Of Ant Vorskov Near Slagelse. After Teaching For A Time ...
Harmonic Analysis
Harmonic Analysis.) The Theorem Not Only Deals With The Synthesis Of A Complex Form Of Vibration, But Also Indicates A Method Of Analysis Of Such A Vibration Into Its Component Simple Vibrations Or Harmonics. Thus If X Is The Resultant Displacement At A Time T, In A Complex Vibration Of ...
Harriet Elizabeth Beecher 1811
Stowe, Harriet Elizabeth (beecher) (1811 1896), American Writer And Philanthropist, Seventh Child Of Lyman And Roxana (foote) Beecher, Was Born At Litchfield (conn.), June 14, 1811. Her Parents Were Descended From Founders Of New Haven; And The Community In Which She Spent Her Childhood Was One Of The Most Intellectual ...
Heinrich Friedrich Karl Stein
Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Baron Vom Und Zum (1757-1831), German Statesman, Was Born At The Family Estate Near Nassau, On Oct. 26, 1757, The Ninth Child Of Karl Philipp, Freiherr Vom Stein. He Studied Law At Gottingen, Wetz Lar, Regensburg And Vienna, And Settled In Berlin In I780. There He ...
Heinrich Suso Seuse
Suso [seuse], Heinrich (c. 130o-1366), German Mystic, Was Born At Uberlingen On Lake Constance; He Assumed The Name Of His Mother, His Father Being A Herr Von Berg. He Was Educated For The Church, First At Constance, Then At Cologne, Where He Came Under The Influence Of The Greatest Of ...
Heinrich Von Sybel
Sybel, Heinrich Von ( German Historian, Was Born On Dec. 2, 1817, At Dusseldorf. Sybel Was Educated At The Gymnasium Of His Native Town, And Then At The University Of Berlin, Where He Came Under The Influence Of Savigny And Of Ranke, Whose Most Distinguished Pupil He Was To Become. ...
Henry 1501 1563
Henry (1501-1563), The Son Of The Last Duke, Was Granted By The Crown Some Of His Father's Manors For His Support, And, Espousing The Protestant Cause (though Married To A Daughter Of Margaret, Countess Of Salisbury And Sister Of Cardinal Pole), Was Restored In Blood On Edward Vi.'s Accession And ...
Henry Howard Surrey
Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl Of (1518?-1547), English Poet, Son Of Lord Thomas Howard, Afterwards 3rd Duke Of Norfolk, And His Wife Elizabeth Stafford, Daughter Of The Duke Of Buckingham, Was Born Probably In 1518. He Succeeded To The Courtesy Title Of Earl Of Surrey In 1524, When His Father Became ...
Henry Lewis Stimson
Stimson, Henry Lewis (1867— ), American Lawyer And Statesman, Was Born In New York City On Sept. 2 I, 1867, And Educated At Yale (a.b., I888) And Harvard (a.m., 1889) Universities. He Attended The Harvard Law School And In 1891 Was Admitted To The New York Bar. He Was Subsequently ...
Henry Wriothesley Southampton
Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl Of (1573-1624), One Of Shakespeare's Patrons, Was The Sec Ond Son Of Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl Of Southampton, And His Wife Mary Browne, Daughter Of The 1st Viscount Montague. He Was Born At Cowdray House, Near Midhurst, On Oct. 6, 1573, And Succeeded To The ...
Herbert Spencer
Spencer, Herbert (182o-19o3), English Philosopher, Was Born At Derby On April 27, 182o. His Father, William George Spencer, Was A Schoolmaster, And His Parents' Religious Convic Tions Familiarized Him With The Doctrines Of The Methodists And Quakers. He Declined An Offer From His Uncle, The Rev. Thomas Spencer, To Send ...
Hermann 1857 1928 Sudermann
Sudermann, Hermann (1857-1928), German Writer, Was Born At Matziken, East Prussia, On Sept. 3o, 1857, Of A Mennonite Family Long Settled Near Elbing. His Father Owned A Small Brewery, But Owing To A Financial Crisis Was Obliged To Apprentice His Son, At The Age Of 14, To A Chemist. Young ...
Hippolyte Adolphe Taine
Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe French Critic And Historian, The Son Of Jean Baptiste Taine, An Attorney, Was Born At Vouziers On April 21, 1828. J. B. Taine Died On Sept. 8, 1840, Leaving A Moderate Competence To His Widow, His Two Daughters, And His Son. Taine Was Educated At The College ...
Hugh Henry Rose Strathnairn
Strathnairn, Hugh Henry Rose, 1st Baron (1801-1885), British Field-marshal, Third Son Of The Right Hon. Sir George Henry Rose Of Sandhills, Christchurch, Hants., Min Ister Plenipotentiary At The Prussian Court, Was Born At Berlin On April 6, 1801. He Was Educated At Berlin, And Received Mili Tary Instruction At The ...
Hunter Swan
Swan, Hunter, And Wigham Richardson, Ltd. The "prince Albert," The First Iron Vessel Ever Built On The Tyne, Was Launched In 1842, From The Neptune Works Of The Firm. In 185o, The Present Neptune Shipyard Was Opened, With A Pay-roll Of 200 Men. The Wallsend Shipyard Of The Company, Owned ...
I Meaning Of Tabu
I. Meaning Of Tabu Literally An Adjective, Meaning "marked Off" (perhaps From The Polynesian Ta=mark, Pu=exceedingly), Tabu Implies That Cer Tain Persons Or Things Are Unsafe For Casual Contact Or Use In Ordinary Life, "not To Be Lightly Approached" (codrington, The Melanesians, P. 188) Because Of Supernatural Penalties Which Would ...
I Squadron
Squadron, (i) A Military Term Referring To The Sub Division Of A Cavalry Regiment, (2) A Naval Term Referring To A Detachment Of War Vessels, And (3) An Air Force Term Denoting A Unit Of A "group." Literally The Term Means A Body Of Fighting Men Formed Into A Square. ...
Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky
Stravinsky, Igor Fedorovich ), Russian Composer, Was Born At Oranienbaum, Near Leningrad, On June 5 (old Style), 1882. He First Studied Law, And It Was On Rimsky-korsakov's Advice That He Finally Made Music His Career. His First Work, A Symphony, Was Followed By Other Orchestral Pieces. In 1910 He Wrote ...
Ii Major Tabus
Ii. Major Tabus (a) Tabus On Priests, Kings, Chiefs, Etc.—sir James Frazer Has Collected In The Golden Bough Evidence Of The Tabus With Which The Semi-divine Potentates, Chiefs And Priest-kings Of Prim Itive Communities Are Surrounded. Thus, At Shark Point, West Africa, The King Lives Alone In A Wood. He ...
Imperial College Of Science
Imperial College Of Science And Technology An Important Development Of Technical Education Was The Founding In 1907 Of The Imperial College Of Science And Tech Nology. A Royal Charter Merged The Royal College Of Science, The Royal School Of Mines, And The City And Guilds (engineering) College, Institutions At South ...
Istvan Szechenyi
Szechenyi, Istvan, Count (1791-186o), Hungarian Statesman, The Son Of Ferencz Szechenyi And The Countess Juliana Festetics, Was Born At Vienna On Sept. 21, 1791. Entering The Army In His 17th Year, He Fought With Distinction At The Battle Of Raab (june 14, 1809), And On July 16 Brought About The ...
James 1735 1799 Tassie
Tassie, James (1735-1799), Scottish Gem-engraver And Modeller, Was Born At Pollokshaws, Near Glasgow, On July 15, 1735, And Died In London On June 1, 1799. During His Earlier Years He Worked As A Stonemason Until He Removed To Glasgow To Attend The Academy Established By The Brothers Foulis, The Printers, ...
James Dalrymple Stair
Stair, James Dalrymple, 'st, Viscount (1619 1695), Scottish Lawyer And Statesman, Was Born In May 1619, At Drummurchie In Ayrshire. After Seven Years As Regent Of The University Of Glasgow He Resigned, Going To Edinburgh, Where He Was Admitted To The Bar On Feb. 17, 1648. In 1649 He Was ...
James Ewell Brown Stuart
Stuart, James Ewell Brown American Soldier, Was Born In Virginia On Feb. 6, 1833 And En Tered West Point Military Academy In 185o. In 1859 Stuart, While Staying In Washington On Official Business, Was Sent To As Sist Col. R. E. Lee In The Suppression Of The John Brown Raid ...
James Napper Tandy
Tandy, James Napper United Irish Man, Born In Dublin In 1740, Was A Prominent Reformer And Supporter Of Lucas And Grattan. He First Won Popularity By His Attacks On Municipal Corruption And His Proposal To Boycott English Goods In Retaliation For The Restrictions Imposed On Irish Commerce. In 1780 Tandy ...
Jan Havicksz 1626 1679 Steen
Steen, Jan Havicksz (1626-1679), Dutch Subject Painter, Was Born At Leyden In 1626, The Son Of A Brewer. According To Houbraken He Studied Under Nicolas Knupfer, A German Artist, At Utrecht, And Under Jan Van Goyen, Whose Daughter He Married In 1649. In November 1646 He Enrolled Him Self As ...
Jan Tarnowski
Tarnowski, Jan [called Magnus] (1488-1561), Polish General. After A Careful Education At The Palace Of Matthew Drzewicki, Bishop Of Przemysl, He Occupied A Conspicuous Posi Tion At Court In The Reigns Of John Albert, Alexander And Sigis Mund I. In 1509 Tarnowski Distinguished Himself In Moldavia, Taking Part In The ...
Jared 1789 1866 Sparks
Sparks, Jared (1789-1866), American Historian And Educator, Was Born In Willington (conn.), On May Io, 1789. He Made A Brilliant Record In His Studies And After Labouring As A Carpenter And Teaching At A Country School He Graduated At Har Vard In 1815. Private School Teaching And A Tutorship In ...
Jean Baptiste Tavernier
Tavernier, Jean Baptiste French Traveller And Pioneer Of Trade With India, Was Born In 16o5 At Paris, Where His Father Gabriel And Uncle Melchior, Protestants From Antwerp, Pursued The Profession Of Geographers And En Gravers. He Had Already Travelled Much In Europe, And Was Well Acquainted With The Principal European ...
Jean Lambert Tallien
Tallien, Jean Lambert French Revolutionary, Was Born In Paris In 1767. He Entered A Printer's Office, And By 1791 He Had Reached The Position Of Overseer Of The Printing Department Of The Moniteur. While Thus Employed He Conceived The Idea Of The Journal-affiche, And After The Arrest Of The King ...
Jeremy 1613 1667 Taylor
Taylor, Jeremy (1613-1667), English Divine And Author, Was Baptized At Cambridge On Aug. 15, 1613. His Father, Nathaniel, A Barber, Was A Man Of Some Education, For Jeremy Was "solely Grounded In Grammar And Mathematics" By Him Be Fore He Became A Pupil Of Thomas Lovering, At The Newly Founded ...
Joanna 1750 1814 Southcott
Southcott, Joanna (1750-1814), English Religious Fanatic, Was Born At Gittisham In Devonshire. Her Father Was A Farmer And She Herself Was For A Considerable Time A Domestic Servant. She Was Originally A Methodist, But About 1792, Be Coming Persuaded That She Possessed Supernatural Gifts, She Wrote And Dictated Prophecies In ...
Johan August Strindberg
Strindberg, Johan August Swedish Dramatist, Novelist And Poet, Born In Stockholm Jan. 22, 1849, Grew Up Under Poverty-stricken And Unhappy Conditions, And After A Short Period At Uppsala University, Became A School Teacher; Then A Wealthy Doctor Interested Himself In Him And Undertook To Complete His Education In Medicine. Strindberg ...
Johan Frederick Struensee
Struensee, Johan Frederick ( ) , Danish Political Philosopher, Was Born At Halle In 1737. His Father, Subsequently Superintendent-general Of Schleswig-holstein, Was A Rigid Pietist ; But Young Struensee, Who Settled Down In The 'sixties As A Doctor At Altona, Revolted Against The Narrowness Of His Father's Creed, Became A ...
Johann 1804 49 Strauss
Strauss, Johann (1804-49), Austrian Orchestral Con Ductor And Composer Of Dance-music, Was Born At Vienna On March 14, 1804. He Began As Violinist In A Small Orchestra And Then, After Acting For A Time As Deputy Conductor, Formed A Small Band Of His Own, Which He Introduced To The Vienna ...
Johann Tetzel
Tetzel, Johann (c. 1460-1519), Preacher And Sales Man Of Papal Indulgences, The Son Of Hans Tetzel, A Goldsmith Of Leipzig, Was Born There About 1460. He Matriculated At The Uni Versity In 1482, Graduated B.a. In 1487, And In 1489 Entered The Dominican Convent At Leipzig. He Found His Vocation ...
Johann Wenzl Anton Stamitz
Stamitz, Johann Wenzl Anton The Eldest And Most Important Of A Family Of Bohemian Musicians Famous In The 18th Century. He Was Born At Deutschbrod On June 19, 1 7 17. He Was A Solo Violinist At The Coronation. Of The Emperor Charles Vii. (1742), And In 1745 The Elector ...
John 1749 1838 Stevens
Stevens, John (1749-1838), American Inventor, Was Born In New York City In 1749, Graduated At Columbia University In 1768, Subsequently Studied Law And Was Admitted To The New York Bar In 1771. In 1776 He Became A Captain In The Revolution Ary Army, And Later Colonel Of His Own Regiment. ...
John 1778 1867 Strachan
Strachan, John (1778-1867), First Bishop Of Toronto, Was Born At Aberdeen, Scotland, On April 12, 1778. After Taking His Degree At Aberdeen He Emigrated In 1799 To Canada. There He Was Ordained (1803) And Appointed To The Parish Of Cornwall, And In 1812 To York. Strachan Was Appointed To The ...
John Addington Symonds
Symonds, John Addington English Critic And Poet, Was Born At Bristol, On Oct. 5, 1840. He Was The Only Son Of John Addington Symonds, M.d. (1807-71), And Was Educated At Harrow And At Balliol College, Oxford, Where He Won Many Distinctions. In 1862 He Became A Fellow Of Magdalen. His ...
John Augustus Sutter
Sutter, John Augustus (1803-188o), American Pioneer, Was Born Of Swiss Parents At Kandern In The Grand Duchy Of Baden On Feb. 15, 1803. He Came To America In 1834 And Purchased Land In Missouri, But In 1838 Went Overland To California By Way Of The Oregon Trail. Here He Was ...
John Charles Spencer Spencer
Spencer, John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl (1782-1845), English Statesman, Better Known By The Courtesy Title Of Lord Althorp, Which He Bore During His Father's Lifetime, Was The Son Of George John, 2nd Earl (1758-1834), Who Served In The Ministries Of Pitt, Fox And Grenville, And Was First Lord Of The ...
John De Stratford
Stratford, John De (d. 1348), Archbishop Of Canter Bury, Was Born At Stratford-on-avon And Educated At Merton College, Oxford, Afterwards Entering The Service Of Edward Ii. He Served As Archdeacon Of Lincoln, Canon Of York And Dean Of The Court Of Arches Before 1323, When He Became Bishop Of Winchester, ...
John Hanning 1827 1864 Speke
Speke, John Hanning (1827-1864), English Explorer, Discoverer Of The Source Of The Nile, Was Born On May 4, 1827, At Jordans, Somersetshire. He Entered The Indian Army In He Served Under Sir Colin Campbell's Division In The Punjab. When On Furlough Captain Speke Explored The Himalayas, And Crossed Into Tibet. ...
John Hawkins
Hawkins, John ; And Drake, Francis). In The Mediterranean He Was Equally Forced By His Position And The Tradition Of The Crown Of Castile To Take Part In Resisting The Turks (see Malta; And Lepanto, Battle Of). But His Relations With His Flemish Subjects Formed The Centre Of His Policy. ...