1647 was a barren year. In the Low Countries the war dis sipated itself in sieges. In Italy Plessis-Praslin won an unprofit able victory over the viceroy of the Milanese on the Oglio (July 4). In Spain Conde, resuming the siege of Lerida, was repulsed and had to retire. In Germany Turenne and Wrangel parted com pany. The latter returned to Hesse, whence he raided into Bohe mia, but was driven back by the imperialists. As the few obtain able supply areas gave out one by one, the Swedes gradually retired almost to the coast, but the imperialists did not follow, swerving into Hesse instead. Turenne meanwhile had had to send all his French troops to Luxemburg to help in the defence of northern France against the Spaniards. The Weimar army had refused to follow him to the Meuse, and mutinied for its arrears of pay. Turenne, however, promptly seized the ringleaders and after a sharp fight disarmed the rest. Thus ignominiously Bern hard's old army vanished from the scene.
In the autumn the elector of Bavaria was reconciled to the emperor and his army re-entered the field. Turenne was therefore sent back to Germany to assist the Swedes. But winter came on before any further inroads could be made into south Germany.
The campaign of 1648 brought the decision at last. Turenne and Wrangel, having refitted their forces and united in Hesse as in 1646, steadily drove back the imperialists and Bavarians, whose 30,00o combatants were accompanied by a horde of nearly 130,000 hangers-on—men, women and children—to the Danube.
At Zusmarshausen (May 17) catching the enemy in the act of manoeuvring, they destroyed his rear-guard. The victors ad vanced as far as the Inn, but Piccolomini, reorganizing the debris of the Austro-Bavarian army, checked their further progress and even drove them back to the line of the Isar. Meantime, however, the Swedish general Konigsmarck, had entered Bohemia and was besieging Prague. This caused the recall of Piccolomini's army, and Turenne and Wrangel invested Munich. But Mazarin ordered the French to retire into Suabia so as not to compromise the peace negotiations at the critical moment, and Wrangel followed suit. Before Konigsmarck was in a position to assault Prague news came of peace. Meanwhile in Artois Conde had repulsed the Spanish invasion by his brilliant victory of Lens (Aug 5), which was a second Rocroi. After the thanksgiving service for the victory at NOtre Dame, Mazarin arrested the of the park 'tient of Paris, and in a few hours the streets were barricaded and a civil war was in progress. This was the Fronde (q.v.), which went on for another I 1 years.