Bonds . —Security must be given—(1) when the aliens are conditionally disembarked before inspection ; (2) where exemption of the ship from inspection is granted ; (3) in the cases of transmigrants. There must be one principal to the bond and two sureties, and the amount, where condi tional disembarkation is desired, is from £.500 to £1000, and where exemp tion from inspection, or for transmigrants, the amount is £2000 to £5000. On the breach of any bond the penalty is 1)20 per alien emigrant.
the alien immigrant refuses to give information, he can be sentenced to three months' hard labour. The master of the ship is liable, on summary conviction, to a fine of &?100. For a false statement or repre sentation the immigrant, master, or other person is liable to three months' hard labour. The provisions the Merchant Shipping Acts as to courts, jurisdiction, and distress (for fines) apply to the Aliens Act.
Procedure.—On arrival the master produces the full return of all alien passengers on board, giving the different numbers of exempted and alien steerage passengers. He then signs the ret'irn in the presence of the immigration officer, who boards the ship at the earliest opportunity. The exempted aliens (cabin passengers) are alloweu to land. The officer then verifies the number of transmigi cats and those nossessed of through tickets. This may be done after conditional disembarkation. The officer and medical inspector, accompanied by an interpreter, then examine the alien steerage passengers, and the officer grants leave to land, which may be done verbally, or refuses the immigrant. If the medical inspector will not pass the iminigrPnt, he fills up a form and hands it to the officer, who refuses the immigrant, and hands a counterpart refusal to the master and immigrant, containing grounds of refusal and notice of right to appeal. If the master, owner, or immigrant wish to appeal, verbal notice can be given to the officer before he leaves the ship, or in writing by the master, owner, or agent within twenty-four hours to the officer, or at the Custom house or Customs Watch House of the port. The amount of means justifying refusal is under 25 for each alien immigrant and 22 for each dependant, which sum must be apparently the property of the alien, and not furnished to him for the purpose of his being allowed to land, or he must prove he can obtain that sum. The alien fills up a form giving his means, trade, or occupation, and the immigration officer has to consider the state of ;he labour market in that trade, unless the alien has a definite offer of work at a fair wage.
The immigrant officer sends notice of refusal to the Immigration Board Clerk, who summons a Board. The clerk keeps a list of those appointed to act on the Immigration Board, attends the meetings, keeps the minutes, and makes returns to the Secretary of State, and furnishes a report of any question referred to such Secretary of State, with statements by the parties. The Board must be summoned twenty-four hours after the notice, a magistrate, where possible, taking the chair. Notice is given to the parties and the medical officer, and leave to land granted or refused.
The returns by the master of the ship must distinguish—(1) trans migrants ; (2) alien steerage passengers; (3) other alien passengers. Separate forms are in use for the Channel crossings, and the returns for immigrant ships are to be given to the immigration officer, and those for non-immigrant ships, or all ships entering a non-immigration port, to the officer of customs for that port.
fine of 225 is incurred, under the Protection of Animals Act, 1911, by any person who is convicted of cruelty to animals. Alternatively to the fine, or in addition, he may be imprisoned, with or without hard labour, for six months. There is cruelty where one (a) cruelly beats, kicks, ill-treats, over-rides, over-drives, ovee-loads, tortures, or terrifies any animal, or, being the owner, allows any such thing to be done ; or (b) allows any animal to be conveyed or carried in such manner or position as to cause unnecessary suffering to it ; or (c) is concerned in any way, even as occupier of premises, in the fighting or baiting of an animal ; or (d) allows an animal to be given or take a poison or injurious substance ; or (e) is concerned in an operation on an animal which is performed without due care and humanity. An owner, who is guilty only because he has failed to exercise reasonable care and supervision in respect of the protection of a particular animal, is not liable to impi isonment withoe the option of a fine. No offence is committed, it should be noted, where the act is done in the course of the destruution, or the preparation for destruction, of an animal as food for mankind, unless unnecessary suffering is also inflicted. Nor is there an offence in coursing or hunting a captive animal, unless it is liberated in an injured, mutilated, or exhausted condition.