Archilochus
Archil'ochus Of Palms, In Lydia, Flourished About 714-676 'i.e., And Is Regarded As The First Of The Greek Lyric Poets, Although The Origin Of The Elegy Is Claimed By Cal Linus, A Writer Whose Age Seems To Have Slightly Preceded That Of A. Glimpses Of His Life, Especially Of The ...
Archimedes
Archime'des, The Most Celebrated Of Ancient Mathematicians, Was B. At Syracuse About 287 B.c. He Is Said To Have Been A Kinsman Of King Hiero, Though He Does Not Seem To Have Held Any Public Office, But Devoted Himself Entirely To Science. In Regard To Mathematics, We Cannot Estimate Fully ...
Archimemes
Archimemes, The Principle Of, Is One Of The Most Important In The Science Of Hydrostatics, And Is So Called Because The Discovery Of It Is Generally Ascribed To The Syracusan Philosopher. It May Be Thus Stated: A Body When Immersed In A Fluid Loses Exactly As Much Of Its Weight ...
Archimeres Screw
Archime'res' Screw (called Also The Spiral Pump), A Machine For Raising Water, Said To Have Been Invented By Archimedes, During His Stay In Egypt, For Draining And Irrigating The Land. Its Simplest Form Consists Of A Flexible Tube Bent Spirally Round A Solid Cylinder, The Ends Of Which Are Furnished ...
Archipelago
Archipelago, A Term (of Doubtful Etymology) Applied Originally To That Gulf Of The Mediterranean Which Separates Greece From Asia; But Now Extended To Any Sea, Like It, Thickly Interspersed With Islands, Or Rather To The Group Of Islands Themselves. The Islands In The Greek Archipelago Or Tegean Sea Consist Of ...
Architectural Painting
Architectural Painting Has For Its Subjects The Exteriors Or Interiors Of Remark Able Buildings; Churches, Castles, Streets In Cities, Etc. It Is Mentioned By Vitruvius, But Is Comparatively A Modern Art. Benozzo Gozzoli, Ghirlandajo, And The Venetian School, Cultivated This Department Of Art In The Middle Ages; And Pinturicchio, By ...
Architecture
Architecture (lat, Architecture, From The Gr. Architecton, The Chief Fabricator, The Architect), The Art Of Building Or Constructing. In This Country, A. Is Usually Divided Into Civil, Military, And Naval. In The Present Article We Shall Confine Ourselves To The First, The Two Latter Being Treated Of, The Former Under ...
Arcileology
Arcileol'ogy (ante), Has Recently Gained New And World-wide Interest Through The Indefatigable Labors And Rich Discoveries Of Count And Gen. Luigi Palma Di Cesnola, And Dr. Heinrich Schliemann, The First A Native Of Italy, But An American Citizen, And The Last A Native And A Citizen Of Germany. At The ...
Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean, That Part Of The Universal Sea Which Surrounds The North Pole. Its Single Boundary, That Towards The S., Naturally Divides Itself Into Four Sections—the Northern Shores Respectively Of The Two Continents, And The Northern Limits Respectively Of The Two Intercontinental Oceans. The A. O. Meets The Pacific At ...
Are Of Tee Testimony
Ark Of The Covenant, Are Of Tee Testimony, Or Ark Of Jetioitaie, One Of The Most Important Parts Of The Furniture Of The Tabernacle. Which, By Divine Direction, The Israelites Constructed In The Wilderness, And Afterwards Of The Temple Built By Solo Mon At Jerusalem. A Description Of It Is ...
Areca
Are'ca, A Genus Of Palms, Containing Several Species, Having Pinnate Leaves And Double Spathes. The Fruit Is A Fibrous One-seeded Drupe, A Nut With An Outer Fibrous Husk. A. Catechu, The Pinang Palm, Or Betel-nut Palm, Is A Native Of The East Indies, Whose Nut Yields A Sort Of Catechu. ...
Areiopagiis
Areiop'agiis (gr. For "mars' Hill"), A Mount Lying To The W. Of The Acropolis, At Athens, And Celebrated As The Spot Where The Most Venerable Court Of Justice In Ancient Times Held Its Sittings. It Is Not Easy To Determine Satisfactorily Why The Hill Obtained Its Name; Most Probably It ...
Areoneter
Areon'eter (aratos, Thin, And Metre4, I Measure; Fr. Ar&m?tre Or P?ee-liquenr; Ger. Araometer Or &nkirage). Called Also Hydrometer, An Instrument Which Is Allowed To Float Freely In Liquids, To Determine Their Specific Gravity Or That Of Solid Bodies. By Specific Gravity (q.v.) Is Meant The Ratio That The Weight Of ...
Argenscla
Argen'scla, Lurencro And Bairrolo_we Leonardo De, Two Of The First Among The Spanish Poets Iu The " Golden Age." Were B. At Barbastro, In Aragon; The Former In 1565, The Latter In 1566. They Studied At The University Of Huesca. Lupercio Afterwards Went To Madrid, While Bartolome Entered The Church. ...
Argentine Republic
Argentine Republic, The Confederation Of The Rio De La Plata, Or River Of Silver, South America—the Latinized Epithet And The Spanish Term Being Merely Copy And Original Of One And The Same Misnomer. Lat. 30' To 41° S., Long. 54' To 70° 31' W. This Confederation, As Constituted By Its ...
Argola
Ar'gola. See Adjutant. Ar'golis, The N.e. Peninsula Of The 3iorea (greece), Lying Between The Bays Of Nau Plia And 2egina, Forms A Nome, Or Department, In The Modern Kingdom Of Greece. The Plain Of Argos, Famous In Ancient Times For Its Breed Of Horses, Is Naturally Fertile, But Is Now ...
Argonaitts
Ar'gonaitts, Heroes Of Greek Antiquity (so Named From Their Ship Argo), Who, Accord Ing To Tradition, About A Generation Before The Trojan War, Undertook A Long Voyage Into Unknown Seas, Under The Command Of Jason. Homer Alludes To The Story; Hesiod, Mim Nermus, Pindar, The Pseudo-orpheus, And Many Others Relate ...
Argonaut
Argonaut, Argonauta, A Genus Of Cephalapodous Mollusca, Pretty Generally Known By The Name Of Paper Nautilus, And, In Consequence Of Similarity In The Form Of The Shell, Often Confounded With The Genus Nautilus (q.v.). Hut In Fact Much More Nearly Allied To The Poulpe (octopus). The Shell Is Not Chambered ...
Argument
Argument (lat. Argumentum), In Logic, Means Properly The Ground Or Premise On Which A Conclusion Is Rested; Popularly, It Is Applied To A Series Of Arguments, Or To A Controversy. Argumentation Is Reasoning Put Into Regular With A View To Con Vince Or Silence An Objector. Logicians Have Given Distinctive ...
Argyle
Argyle', Altmanam) Campbell, Marquis Of, An Eminent Political Character Of The 17th C., Was B. In 1598, And Succeeded To The Earldom Of A. In 1638. Already He Had Given Proofs Of That Strength Of Religious Principle Which Marked His Whole Life, And Of A Perilous Union Of Attachment To ...
Argyle_2
Argyle, Joint Campbell, 2d Duke Of, Son Of The First Duke, Was B. In 1678, And Took An Important Part. In The Political And Military Affairs Of His Time. As Royal Corn Miqoner In 1705, Lie Had A Principal Share In Bringing About The Act Of Union. As A Soldier, ...
Argyleihire
Argyleihire (airer-gaedhil, Territory Of The Gael), A Co. In Thy W. Of Scotland, Cut Up Into Many Peninsulas By Arms Of The Sea, And Including Numerous Islands. It Is Bounded N. By Inverness-shire; W. And S. By The Sea; E. By Perthshire, Dumbarton, Loch Long, And Firth Of Clyde. Its ...
Arias Montanus
Arias Monta'nus, Besenfarus, A Catholic Divine Noted For His Great Linguistic Attainments, Was B. 1527, In The Village Of Frexenal De In Sierra, Situated Amongst The Mountains Separating Estremadura From Andalusia. He Studied First At Seville, And Afterwards At Alcala De Henares, Where He Distinguished Himself By The Ardor He ...
Ariiienian Church
Ariiienian Church. Christianity Appears To Have Been Introduced Into Armenia As Early As The 2d Century. It Was For The First Time Firmly Established, However, About The End Of The 3d C. By The Apostolical Exertions Of Bishop Gregory(q.v.),who Converted Tiridates (see Armenia). The Bible Was Translated Into The Armenian ...
Ariosto
Arios'to, Li:movie°, One Of The Greatest Of Italian Poets, Was B. At Reggio, Sept. 8, 1474, Being The Eldest Son Of The Military Governor Of That City. He Was Bred To The Law, But Abandoned It For Poetry. However, At An Early Period Of Life, He Was Com Pelled To ...
Aristeits
Aristeits (from A Greek Word Signifying The Best), An Ancient Divinity Whose Wor Ship In The Earliest Times Was Widely Diffused Throughout Greece, But Whose Myth Is Remarkably Obscure. According To The Common Tradition, He Was The Son Of Apollo And Cyrene, The Latter The Granddaughter Of Peneius, A River-god ...
Aristides
Aristi'des, Surnamed " The Jrst," Was The Son Of Lysimachus, And Descended From One Of The Best Families In Athens. He Was One Of The Ten Leaders Of The Athenians Against The Persians At The Battle Of Marathon (490 B. C). It Had Been Arranged That Each Leader (or Strategos) ...
Aristiptiis
Aristiptiis, The Founder Of The Cyrenaic School Of Philosophy Among The Greeks, Was The Son Of Aritades, A Wealthy Gentleman Of Cyrene, In Africa, And Was B. In That City About The Year 424.13.c. Having Come. Over To Dreece To Attend The Olympic Games, He Heard So Much Of Socrates, ...
Aristocracy
Aristocracy (gr. Aristocratia, From Aristos, Best, And Kratos, Power) Means Etymo Logically The Power Or Government Of The Best, Noblest, Or Most Worthy; And In The Sense Which It Originally Bore, A. Had Reference Not To A Social Class, But To A Form Of Govern Ment In Which The Sovereignty ...
Aristolochia
Aristolo'chia, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Aristolockiaceee Or Asarineat. This Order, Which Is Dicotyledonous Or Exogenous, Consists Of Herbaceous Plants Or Shrubs, Often Climbing Shrubs, And Contains Upwards Of 130 Known Species, Chiefly Natives Of Warm Climates, And Particularly Abundant In The Tropical Regions Of South America. ...
Aristophanes
Aristoph'anes, The Only Writer Of The Old Greek Comedy Of Whom We Possess Any Entire Works, Was The Son Of One Philippus, And Was B. At Athens About The Year 444 B.c. We Know Very Little Of 'his History. Plato, In His Symposium, Relates That He Was Fond Of Pleasure—a ...
Aristotle
Ar'istotle Was B. At The Grecian Colonial Town Of Stageira, On The W. Side Of The Strymonic Gulf (now The Gulf Of Contessa, In Turkey In Europe). In The Year 384 B.c. He Belonged To A Family In Which The Practice Of Physic Was Hereditary. His Father, Nikomachus, Was The ...
Arits
Arits, The Celebrated Founder Of Arianism, Was A Native Of Libya, And Is Generally Supposed To Have Been B. Shortly After The Middle Of The 3d Century. About The Year 306 A.d., Alexandria Was Thrown Into Confusion By The Violence Of Its Religious Disputes, And In These A. Was Largely ...
Arizona
Arizo'na (ants), One Of The Territories Of The United States, Bounded N. By Utah, E. By The Territory Of New Mexico, S. By Mexico, W. By The States Of California And Nevada, Extending From 31' 37' To 37° N., And From 109' To 114° 25' W.; Area About 114,000 Sq. ...
Arkansas
Arkansas, One Of The Larger States Of The American Union, Taking Its Name From The River A. Throughout Its Entire Length, It Occupies The Right Bank Of The Mississippi, Being Separated By That Stream, Towards The E., From Tennessee And The N. Half Of Mis Sissippi. Its Boundaries To The ...
Arkansas
Arkansas (ante), One Of The United States, The 12th In The Order Of Accession After The Original Thirteen. The First White Settlements Within The Bounds Of The Pres Ent State (which Is A Part Of The Louisiana Purchase Of 1803) Were Made About 1670-80 By Frenchmen Near The Junction Of ...
Arkivright
Arkivright, Sir Rrdnand, Celebrated For His Inventions In Cotton-spinning, Was B. At Preston, In Lancashire, Dec. 23, 1732. Of Humble Origin, The Youngest Of 18 Children, And Bred To The Trade Of A Barber, His Early Opportunities Of Cultivation Were Exceedingly Limited. In 1760, He Gave Up His Business As ...
Arlon
Arlon (am Orolanum), A T. Of Belgium, The Capital Of The Province Of Luxemburg, 24 M. W.n.w. From Luxemburg. It Is A Neat And Prosperous Town, And Has A Consider Able Trade In Corn, Woolen Stuffs, Leather, Iron, Etc. It Has Frequently Suffered The Ravages Of War. The French Pillaged ...
Armada
Arma'da, A Spanish Word Signifying Simply An Armed Force, But Applied Especially To The Great Spanish ;feet Which Invaded England In 1588. The King Of Spain, Philip Had Resolved To Strika A Decisive Blow At The Protestant Interest, By Conquering En Land, Which Pope Sixtus V. Had Made Over To ...
Armadillo
Armadillo, Da'sypus, A Genus Of Mammalia Of The Order Edentata (i.e., Toothless)— Not, However, Truly Toothless, But Having Feeble Teeth Destitute Of True Roots, And Set Apart From Each Other, And So That Those Of The One Jaw Fit Into The Interstices Of Those Of The Other. The Number Of ...
Armagh
Armagh', A Small Inland Co. In Ulster, Ireland; Bounded N. By Lough Neagh, E. By Down, S. By Louth, W. By Monaghan And Tyrone. Its Greatest Length Is 32 In., And Breadth 20. Area, Sq.m., About Four Fifths Being Arable. And A 8gth Part In Woods. The Sur Face Is ...
Armand
Armand, Ciranr.es, Marquis De La Rouarie, 1756-93; A French Soldierfivho Left France In Consequence Of Fighting A -duel About An Actress, And Volunteered In The Amer. Scan Army, Receiving The Rank Of Colonel. He Fought At Red Bank, Also At Camden, Under Gates, Whose Conduct Lie Severely Censured. He Was ...
Armature
Armature (armatures, Armor; Ger. Anker). The Term A. Is Applied To The Pieces Of Soft Iron That Are Placed At The Extremities Or Poles Of Magnets To Preserve Their Mag Netic Power. When Magnets Are Allowed To Remain Any Length Of Time Without Such Appendages, In Consequence Of The Disturbing ...
Armenia
Armenia, A High Table-land On The Southern Slope Of The Caucasus, Stretching Down Towards Mesopotamia. It Has Had Different Boundaries In The Various Centuries Of Its History. It Is The Original Seat Of One Of The Oldest Civilized Peoples In The World, The Armenians, Who Belong To The Indo-germanic Family ...
Armenian Literature
Armenian Literature. Previous To The Introduction Of Christianity By Gregory (300 A.d.), The Armenians Had Adhered To The Assyrian Or 3iedo-persian System Of Culture; But-excepting A Few Old Songs Or Ballads, No Remains Of That Early Period Exist. After Their Conversion To Christianity, The Greek Language And Its Literature Soon ...
Armies
Armies, Armed Forces Under Regular Military Organization, Employed For Purposes Of National Offense Or Defense. An Army May Comprise The Whole Military Men Employed By The State, Or Only A Portion Under A Particular Commander. When An Armed Force Is Under No Constituted Authority, And Imperfect In Its Organization And ...
Armies_2
Armies, Ancient—egyptians.—the Most Extraordinary Conqueror Among The Egyptians, Sesostris, Or Rhamses, Lived 16 Centuries Before The Christian Era; And Although The Evidence For His Deeds Of Valor Is Very Questionable, There Is Reason To Believe That The Organization Of His A. Can Be Pretty Accurately Traced. His Father, Amenophis, Laid ...
Armillary Sphere
Armil'lary Sphere (armilla, A Ring), An Instrument Intended To Give A Just Con Ception Of The Constitution Of The Heavens, And Of The Motions Of The Heavenly Bodies, As Seen By An Observer On The Earth. It Consists Of A Number Of Rings Fixed Together So As To Represent The ...
Armistice
Armistice, A Suspension Of Hostilities Between Two Armies, Or Two Nations At War, By Mutual Agreement. It Sometimes Takes Place When Both Are Exhausted, And At Other Times When An Endeavor To Form A Treaty Of Peace Is Being Made. A Particular Example Will Best Illustrate The Nature Of An ...
Armor
Armor Is A General Name For The Apparatus For Personal Defense, As Contradis Tinguished From Arms Or Weapons Of Offense. Little Of It Is Worn By Soldiers At The Pres Ent Day, Seeing That Hand-to-hand Conflicts, In Which It Is Especially Serviceable, Are Rather Exceptional In Modern Warfare. It Was ...
Armstrong
Armstrong, Sir William George, Noted For Various Mechanical Inventions, Espe Cially In Artillery And In Water-power Machinery, Was H. In 1810 At Newcastle, Where His Father Was An Eminent Corn-merchant, And In 1851 Filled The Office Of Mayor. A. Was Educated At The School Of Bishop Auckland; But His Peculiar ...
Army Agent
Agent, Army. A Person Authorized By The Government To Manage The Monetary Affairs Of Regiments In The Army, As A Kind Of Military Banker. In Early Times, Persons Were Employed To Effect The Purchase And Sale Of Commissions In The British Army (the Only Army In Which This Strange System ...
Army Estimates
Army Estimates. In The Spring Of Every Year, The British Government Having Formed A Plan Concerning The Extent And Appliances Of The Military Force For That Year, The War Office Sends To The Treasury A Series Of Accounts Setting Forth The Probable Cost Of Everything Required. The Accounts Are Called ...
Army Works Corps
Army Works Corps. When The British Generals Engaged In The Crimean War, In The Later Months Of 1854, Knew That The Siege Army Would Need To Winter Outside Sebastopol, Grave Difficulties Were Presented To Their Notice. The Distance From The Landing Place At Balaklava To The Front Of The Siege-camp ...
Arnatto Arnotto
Arnot'to, Arnatto, Annotta, Annatto, Or Rot:c01:1, Also Known On The Continent Of Europe By The Name Of Orlean, Is A Red Coloring Matter, Which Is Obtained In South America And The West Indies From The Reddish Pulp Surrounding The Seeds Of The Arnotto Tree (bixa Orellana) By Washing, Maceration, Fermentation, ...
Arnold
Arnold, Mattnew, A Living English Poet, The Eldest Son Of The Late Dr. Arnold Of Rugby, Was B. 24th Dec., 1822, And Educated At Winchester And Rugby. In 1840 He Was Elected Scholar Of Balliol College, Oxford; In 1844 He Obtained The Newdigate Prize; And In 1845 He Was Elected ...
Aromatics
Aromatics Constitute Ii, Class Of Medicines Which Owe Their Properties To The Essen Tial Oils, To Benzoic And Cinnamic Acids, To Volatile Products Of Distillation, Or To Odorous Glandular Secretions. The Plants That Contribute To This Class Of Medicines Are Those Which Yield Essences, Camphor, Or Odorous Resins, And Amongst ...
Arracacha
Arraca'cha, Arracaaa Esculenta, A Plant Of The Natural Order Unibellifera, A Native Of The Elevated Table-lands In The Neighborhood Of Santa Fe De Bogota And Caraccas, And Of Regions Of Similar Climate In Other Parts Of Tropical America. It Is Much Cultivated In Its Native Country For Its Roots, Which ...
Arragonite
Ar'ragonite, A Mineral Essentially Consisting Of Carbonate Of Lime, And So Agreeing In Chemical Composition With Calcareous Spar (q.v), But Differing From It In The Form Of Its Crystals, Of Which The Primary Form Is A Rhombic Prism With Angles Of 116° 16' And 63° 44', The Secondary Forms Being ...
Arraignment
Arraignment, In The Practice Of The Criminal Law In England, Means Calling A Pris Oner By His Name To The Bar Of The Court To Answer The Matter Charged Upon Him In The In Diatinent. And Having The Presumption Of Innocence In His Favor, It Is The Law, And So ...
Arran
Ar'ran, An Island In The Mouth Of The Firth Of Clyde, Scotland, About 5 M. S.w. Of Bute, 13 W. Of Ayrshire, And 4 E. Of Cantire, From Which It Is Separated By Kilbrennan Sound. It Is Of An Oval Form, About 20 M. Long And 12 Broad; Area, 165 ...
Arras
Arras (the Ancient .2ticnietacum), A Fortified T. And Capital Of The Department Of Pas-de-calais, As It Was Formerly Of The Province Of Artois, In France. It Is Situated On The Banks Of The Scarpe, Partly On An Eminence, And Partly On A Plain, And Consists Of Four Divisions—the City, Upper ...
Arrest
Arrest Is A Legal Term Used Both In Criminal And Civil Process. Criminal A. Has Already Been Sufficiently Considered Under The Word Appreitend (q.v.); And In Civil Pro Cedure It May Be Simply Defined To Be The Execution Of A Judicial Or Prerogative Order, By Which The Liberty Of The ...
Arrestment Of Wages
Arrestment Of Wages Is Supposed To Exercise A Baneful Influence On Some Of The Working Classes In Scotland, By Putting Them In The Power Of Greedy And Oppressive Dealers, Who, In The Knowledge Of The Power They Thus Possess, Are Too Ready To Give Credit To Working-people, And Thus Encourage ...
Arrow Headed Characters
Arrow-headed Characters. See Cuneiform. Arrow-heads. See Elf-arrow-heads. Is A Variety Of Starch Extracted From The Roots Of Certain Plants Grow Ing In Tropical Countries. It Is A Fine Starchy Farina, Much Valued As A Delicacy, And As An Easily Digestible Food For Children And Invalids. It Is Obtained From The ...
Ars Sur Moselle
Ars-sur-moselle, A T. In Alsace-lorraine„ At The Junction Of The ?1ance And Moselle, 6 M. S.w. Of Metz; Pop. '71, 5330. During The Franco-german War It Was A Place Of Much Strategic Importance In Connection With The Siege Of Metz. It Has Iron Mines, Forges, And Paper-mills. Art. The Word ...
Arsenal
Arsenal Is The Name Given To A Great Military Or Naval Repository, Where The Muni Tions Of War Are To Some Extent Manufactured, But More Particularly Stored Until Required For Use. Every Royal Dockyard, Every Magazine, Every Armory, Is To Some Extent An A.; And Therefore The Meaning Of The ...
Arsenic
Arsenic Is The Name Applied In Popular Language To A Well-known Poisonous Sub Stance, Arsenious Acid (q.v.), But, Strictly Speaking, The Term Is Restricted To The Metal, Of Which The Symbol Is As And The Equivalent Is 75.0. The Metal A. Is Rarely Found Free In Nature, But In A ...
Arsenic_2
Arsenic (ann:mous Am), Properties Of, As A Drug.—a. Has Long Been Used As A Medicine. When Taken Into The Stomach, It Is Soon Absorbed Into The Blood, And Circu Lates With That Fluid, Exhibiting Great Power Over Certain Diseases, Especially Skin Dis Eases, As Psoriasis, Lepra, Eczema (q.v.), Etc. It ...
Arsenical Minerals
Arsenical Minerals Occur Chiefly In Primitive Rocks, And Frequently Associated With Other Metalliferous Minerals.—natire Arsenic, Although Nowhere Very Abundant, Is Not Unfrequently Found In Mines In Europe, Asia, And America, Generally Along With Sul Phur And Metallic Sulphurets. In Britain, It Occurs At Tyndrum In Perthshire. It Has Usually A ...
Arsenious Acid
Arsenious Acid Is The Arsenical Compound Most Familiarly Known. It Is Obtained Principally During The Roasting Of The Arsenical Nickel Ores In Germany In Furnaces Com Municating With Flues. When The Arsenic Of The Ore Burns, It Passes.into The Condition Of A. A. And Rising As Vapor Into The Somewhat ...
Arsinoe
Arsin'oe, The Daughter Of Ptolemy I., King Of Egypt, And Of Berenice, Was B. About 316 B.c., And Married In Her 16th Year To The Aged Lysimachus, King Of Thrace, Whose Eldest Son, Agathocles, Had Already Wedded Lysandra, The Half-sister Of A. Desirous Of Securing The Throne To Her Own ...
Arson
Arson, Or, As It Is Called In Scotland, Willful Fire-raising, Is, According To The Laws Of All Civilized Countries, A Crime Of The Deepest Atrocity; For It Involves In Its Consequences Not Only Destruction Of Property, But Also The Destruction Of, Or At Least An Indifference To, The Life Or ...
Art Exhibitions
Art Exhibitions. Public Displays Of The Works Of Living Artists, With The View Of Affording Gratification And Instruction To The Community On The One Hand, And, On The Other, Of Procuring Purchasers For The Works Exhibited, Have Taken Place In Most Of The Principal Towns Of Europe, For More Than ...
Art Unions
Art Unions. These Institutions, Which Have For Their Object The Promotion Of A Livelier Interest In, And More Liberal Patronage Of, The Fine Arts On The Part Of The General Public, Have Gone Far In Modern Times To Supply The Place Of That Encouragement Which, At An Earlier Period, They ...
Artemisia
Artemis'ia, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Coraposike, Sub-order Corymbiferm, In Which The Flowers Of The Disk Are Hermaphrodite, Those Of The Ray In One Row, The Bracts Forming A Roundish Imbricated Head, The Receptacle Naked Or Hairy, The Achcenia Obovate, And Destitute Of Pappus. The Heads Of ...
Artery
Artery (lat. Aer And Tern) Named From The Old Idea That These Tubes Were Air-car Riers. Arteries Are The Vessels Through Which The Blood Passes From The Left Side Of The Heart To The Tissues. The Structure Of An Arterial Tube Is Very Complex, And A Section Of It May ...
Artesian Wells
Artesian Wells Are Perpendicular Borings Into The Ground, Through Which Water Rises, From Various Depths, According To Circumstances, Above The Surface Of The Soil. The Possibility Of Obtaining Water In This Way In A Particular District Depends On Its Geological Structure. All Rocks Contain More Or Less Water. Arenaceous Rocks ...
Arthur
Arthur, King Of A Tribe Of Ancient Britons, Is Supposed To Have Flourished In The 6th Century. He Is Usually Represented As A Christian Prince Who Struggles Bravely To Main Tain The Liberty And Faith Of His Country Against The Pagan Saxons, But There Is No Evi Dence For The ...
Artichoke
Artichoke, Cynara Scolymus, A Thistle-like Perennial Plant, Now Growing Wild In The S. Of Europe, But Probably A Native Of Asia. The Genus Cynara Belongs To The Natu Ral Order Composite', Sub-order Cynarocephala, And Is Distihgnished By The Bracts Of The Involucre Being Fleshy At The Base, And Emargimite, With ...
Articles Of War
Articles Of War Are Regulations Made For The Government Of The Military And Naval Forces Of The Country. They Are Of Three Classes-1: Those Relating To The Army, Including Therein The Forces In India, According To The Provisions Of The 21 And 22 Viet. C. 106; 2. Those Relating To ...
Artificial Limbs
Artificial Limbs. With The Exception Of The Celebrated Artificial Hand Of The German Knight, Ghtz Von Berlichingen*—who Flourished In The Early Part Of The 16th C. (1518), And Who Was Named Tbe Iron-handed—which Weighed Three Pounds, Was So Constructed As To Grasp A Sword Or Lance, And Was Invented By ...