Abraham Albert Alphonse Gallatin
Gallatin, Abraham Albert Alphonse, Financier And Statesman, Was B. At Gen Eva In 1701. His Parents Died While He Was Young, But Nevertheless He Received A Good Education At The University Of Geneva, Where He Graduated In 1779. In 1780, He Went To The United States, Then Struggling For Independence, ...
Abrailvm Geiger
Geiger, Abrailvm, A Jewish Scholar, Was B. At Frankfort-on-the-maine, May 24, 1810. According To Old Rabbinical Practice, His Teachers Were His Father And Elder Brother, Till He Reached The Age Of Eleven. After That, Laving Received A More Regular Education For Some Years, He Went, In 1829, To The University ...
Achille Fould
Fould, Achille, Was B. In Paris On The 31st Of Oct., 1800, And Was Educated At The Lycee Charlemagne, One Of The Most Celebrated Establishments Of Paris. He Originally Belonged To The .jewish Creed, His Family Being Wealthy Jew Bankers, But He Adopted The Protestant Faith. Early In Life, He ...
Adam Gib
Gib, Adam, B. Scotland; The Leader Of The Antiburgher Section Of The Scottish Secession Church; And Licensed As A Preacher In 1740. In The Following Year, He Was Ordained Minister Of The Large Secession Congregation Of Bristol, Edinburgh, Being The First In The City Inducted Into Such A Charge; And ...
Agricultural Gangs
Gangs, Agricultural, A Name Specially Given To Companies Of Women, And Boys And Girls, Brought Rr For Labor In The Fan-districts Of England, Or.the Low And Level Tracts Which Lie S. Of Thewash In The Counties Of Lincoln, Cambridge, Norfolk, Suf Folk, And Rutland. Not Many Years Ago, The Part ...
Alessandro Gavazzi
Gavaz'zi, Alessandro, A Popular Italian Preacher And Reformer, Distinguished By His Patriotic Zeal In Promoting The Civil And Religious Progress Of His Country, Was B. At Bologna In 1809. At The Early Age Of 16, He Became A Monk Of The Barnabite Order, And Subsequently Was Appointed Professor Of Rhetoric ...
Alexander Geddes
Geddes, Alexander, Ll.d., A Biblical Critic, Translator, And Miscellaneous Writer, Was B. At Arradowl, In The Parish Of Rutliven, Banffshire, In 1737.* His Parents Were Roman Catholics, And Young Geddes Was Educated For A Priest, First At &alan, A Monas Tic Seminary In The Highlands, And Subsequently At The Scots ...
Almanach De Gotha
Gotha, Almanach De, A Universal Political Register, Is Published Annually Fit Gotha (q.v.). • The Publication Of This Almanac Commenced In 1764, In The German Language, In Which It Was Continued Until Napoleon I. Became Emperor, When It Was Changed To The French Language; It Has Recently Been Published In ...
Alternation Of Generations
Generations, Alternation Of, A Phrase Devised By Steenstrup, A Danish Natu Ralist, About The Year 1840, To Signify " The Remarkable And Till Now Inexplicable Natural Phenomenon Of An Animal Producing An Offspring, Which At No Time Resembles Its Parent, But Which, On The Other Liana, Itself Brings Forth A ...
Analysis Of Gas
Gas, Analysis Of. This Department Of Analysis Originated In The Attempts Of Vari Ous Chemists, During The Last Quarter Of The 18th, And The First Quarter Of The Present Century, To Determine The Volume Of Oxygen In Specimens Of Atmospheric Air Taken From Different Localities. The General Principle On Which ...
Ancient Gems
Gems, Ancient. The Term Gem, Which Is Applied To Jewels And Other Valuable And Precious Stones, Means In Archology Engraved Stones Of The Precious Kinds, And Even Small Engraved Portions, Of Hard And Primitive Rocks Which Have Been Set Or Worn As Jewels By The Ancients. Before Entering, However, Upon ...
Anders Fryxell
Fryxell, Anders, A Swedish Historian, Was B. In 1795, At Hesselskog, In Daisland; Studied At Upsala; Took Priest's Orders In 1820; And In 1828, Became Rector Of St. Mary's School, Stockholm. He Afterwards Became Provost Of North Vermland, But Resigned This Post In 1847. F. First Required A Reputation By ...
Andrew Fletcher
Fletcher, Andrew, Of Saltoun, A Celebrated Scottish Patriot And Politician, Was The Son Of Sir Rbbert F. And Catherine Bruce, Daughter Of Sir Henry Bruce Of Clack Mannan. He Was B. In 1653. Notwithstanding The Strong Anti-english Feelings Which Characterized Him Throumh Life, F. Was Of English Descent By The ...
Anne Girodet De Roussy
Girodet De Roussy, Anne Lours, 1767-1824; Betterknown As Girodet-trioson. Ire Lost His Parents In Early Youth, And The Care Of His Fortune And Education Fell To The Lot Of His Guardian, M. Trioson, By Whom He Was In Later Life Adopted. After Some Preliminary Studies Under A Painter Named Luquin, ...
Antoine Fourcroy
Fourcroy, Antoine Francois, Comte De, 1755-1809; B. Paris; A French Chemist. At The Age Of 15, Lie Became A Student Of Medicine, Lodging In A Garret, Supporting Him Self By Giving Lessons To Other Students, And Making Translations For A Bookseller. In 1777, Essai Say Les Maladies Des Artisans, His ...
Antonio Costa De Gonzaga
Gonzaga, Antonio Costa De, 1744-1809; The "portuguese Petrarch." Having Completed His Law Studies At The University Of Coimbra, Which He Attended From 1763 To 1768, Gonzaga In The Latter Year Returned To Brazil, And After Having Acted For Some Years As Local Magistrate At Beja And Elsewhere, Lie Was Appointed ...
Arctic
Arctic Fauna.—the Limits Of This Fauna Are Easily Fixed, As We Include Within Them All Animals Living Beyond The Line Where Forests Cease, And Are Succeeded By Vast Arid Plains Known As Barren Lands, Or Tundras. Though The Air-breathing Species Are Not Numerous Here, The Large Number Of Individuals Compensates ...
Arend Gomtto
Gomtto, Arend, Or Ej00 Palm (arenga Sacclutrifera, Saguerus Rumpltii, Or Borassus Gomutus), An Important Palm Which Grows In Cochin China And In The Interior Of Java, Sumatra, Celebes, And Amboyna, On Dry Ground. The Stein Is 20 To 30 Ft. High; The Leaves 15 To 25 Ft. Long, Piunatcd. The ...
Army And Navy Flogging
Flogging, Army And Navy. Corporal Punishment Has Existed From Time Immemorial In The British Army And Navy; Formerly Having Been Inflicted Upon Slight Occasion, And Often With Barbarous Severity. In Deference, However, To Public Opinion, It Has Been Much Less Resorted To During Recent Years, And Promises Almost To Disappear ...
Arnold Geijlincx
Geijlincx, Arnold, 1625-1669, A Philosopher, B. At Antwerp. He Studied At The University Of Louvain, Obtained There A Doctor's Degree, And Afterwards Remained 12 Years As A Successful Lecturer And Teacher Of The Classics And The Cartesian Philosophy. For Some Reason, Not Certainly Known But Supposed To Have Had Connection ...
Artemsia Gentileschi
Gentileschi, Artemsia And °ramo De, Painters. Orazio, 1565-1646, Is Gen Erally Named Orazio Lomi De Gentilesehi. It Would Appear That De Gentileschi Was His Real Surname, Lomi Being The Surname Which His Mother Had Borne During Her First Marriage. He Was Born At Pisa, And Studied With His Half Brother ...
Artificial Flowers
Flowers, Artificial. This Elegant Branch Of Manufacture, Though Not Usually Ranked Among The Fine Arts, May Be Fairly Regarded As Holding An Intermediate Place Between Them And The Mechanical Arts. The Italians Were The First To It To A High State Of Perfection, And It Is Now Successfully Carried Out ...
Artificial Gems
Gems, Artificial. Ever Since The Chemical Composition Of Our Most Valued Gems —the Diamond, Ruby, Opal, &c.—has Been Known, Attempts Have Been Made, With More Or Less Success, To Reconstruct Them In The Laboratory By The Influence Of Intense Heat, Electrical Action, &c. Amongst The Most Successful Workers In This ...
Artificial Gems_2
Gems, Artificial (ante). Artificial Gems, Properly So-called, Are Identical In Properties And Chemical Composition With The Natural Gems. The Chemical Composition Of Minerals, Including Gems, Unlike Crystallized Salts, Varies Within Limits. The Produc Tion Of Artificial Gems Is Interesting For Two Reasons: First, Scientifically, From The Light Thrown Upon The ...
Augustin Jean Fresnel
Fresnel, Augustin Jean, A French Physicist, Was B. At Broglie, In The Department Of Eure, 10th May, 1788; Educated At Caen At The Ecole Polytechnique, And Finally At The Eeole Des Fonts Et Chaussees. On The €ompletion Of His Studies, He Was Sent As Government Engineer To La Vendee, And ...
Battle Of Flodden
Flodden, Battle Of. On The 24th Jan., 1502, A " Perpetual Peace" Was Concluded Between England And Scotland. In The Course Of A Few Years, However, A Series Of Petty Quarrels Had Done Much To Bring This Peaceable Arrangement To A Termination; And In 1513, On The Invasion Of France, ...
Battle Of Fredericksburg
Fredericksburg, Battle Of, Dec. 13-14, 1862. After The Battle Of Antietam, In The Middle Of Sept., The Union Commander (mcclellan)remained Inactive So Long That The People Demanded A Movement From Him Or His Deposition From Command. Near The End Of Oct., His Forces Began To Cross The Potomac, While The ...
Battle Of Gettysburg
Gettysburg, Battle Of; July 1, 2, And 3, 1863. Early In May The Rebel Generals Had Decided Upon A Concentrated Advance Upon The Northern States. The Campaign, Inaugurated By The Drawn Battle Of Chancellorsville, Bad Given No Decided Advantage To Either Side, And For Nearly A Month The Opposing Forces ...
Benjamin Apthorp Gould
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, B. Boston, 1824; Graduated At Harvard, 1844. After His Graduation He Went To Gottingen, Whbre He Pursued His Mathematical And Astro Nomical Studies, And Took His Deatee In 1848. He Was For A Time Assistant In The Observa Tory At Altona, And Visited Besides Ninny Of The ...
Benjamin Franklin
Franklin, Benjamin, A Distinguished American Statesman And Natural Phi Losopher, Was B. At Boston, Jan. 17, 1706. His Parents Were Poor, And Had A Family Of 17 Children, He Being The 15th. Josiah Franklin, His Father, Had Left England In 1685, And Settled In America, Where Lie Followed The Business ...
Bernard Fontenelle
Fontenelle, Bernard Rat Bovren De, An Eminent French Author, Was B. At Rouen, 11th Feb., 1657. His Father Was An Advocate, And His Mother A Sister Of The Great Cor Neille. He Began His Studies In The College Of The Jesuits At Rouen, And At The Age Of 13, Obtained ...
Bernard Gilpin
Gilpin, Bernard, 1517-83, An English Clergyman Of Remarkable Scholarship, Diligence, Liberality, And Usefulness, B. At Kentmire, Westmoreland. He Studied At Queen's College, Oxford, Stimulated By The Example And Writings Of Erasmus And Giving Great Attention To The Scriptures In The Original Languages. Soon After Graduation, He Was Chosen Fellow Of ...
Bogumil Goltz
Goltz, Bogumil, 1801-70; A Polish Humorist And Satirist: In 1847 He Gave To The World The First Fruits Of His Studies And Reflections In The Charming Poetic Duch Der Kindheit, In Which He Delineates The Incidents And Impressions Of His Own Childhood With A Tender Feeling Akin To That Of ...
Brethren Of The
Brethren Of The, A Fanatical Sect Of The Middle Ages, Which Was Very Generally (though Sometimes Secretly) Diffused Over Italy, France, And Germany, Between The 13th And 15th Centuries. They Took Their Name From The "freedom Of Spirit" Which They Claimed, In Virtue Of The Words Of St. Paul (romans ...
Cambrensis
Cambren'sis, The Literary Name Of Gerald De Barri. He Was Fourti.. Son Of William De Barri, A Norman Noble Who Had Settled In Pembrokeshire, And Allied Himself By Marriage To The Family Rhys Ap Theodore, Prince Of South Wales. Giraldus Was Bore About 1146, And Educated By His Uncle David, ...
Caris Flaminius
Flaminius, Caris, D. 217 B.c.; A Roman Tribune, Prmtor, And Censor, And Twice Consul; The Constructor Of The Circus And The Great Highway Bearing His Name. The Latter Was The First Road Across The Apennines, And Connected The Tuscan And Adriatic Seas. When A Second Time Elected Consul, Without Staying ...
Cerine
. Cerine Known Also As Hydrated Oxide Of Lipyl, Or Hydrated Oxide Of Glyceryl, Was Discovered By Scheele In 1779, Who Obtained It In The Preparation Of Lead Plaster, And Named It " The Sweet Principle Of Oils." It Is A Colorless, Viscid, Neutral, Uncrystallizable, Inodorons Fluid, Of A Sweet ...
Charles
Charles Gaoswic, B. England, 1833; Was Lieut. Of Engineers In 1852; Served In The Crimean War, And Was Wounded At Sebastopol. After Peace Was Con Eluded, He Was Employed In Surveying And Settling The Turkish 'and Russian Frontier In Asia. He Was Engaged In The Expedition Against Pekin, And After ...
Charles James Fox
Fox, Charles James, A Celebrated Whig Statesman, Was The Second Son Of Btairy Fox, First Lord Holland, By Lady Georgiana Carolina, Eldest Daughter Of The Duke Of Richmond. He Was Born, According To Lord John Russell's Memoir, On The 24th Jan., 1749 (n.s.), And Was Educated At Eton And Oxford, ...
Charles Theodore Christian Follen
Follen, Charles Theodore Christian, Ph.d., Ll.d. ; 1795-1840; B. Hesse-darm• Stadt, Germany; A Clergyman And Reformer. He Was Educated At Giessen, Where He Distinguished Himself By His Enthusiasm In The Cause Of Liberty, And Fell Under Suspicion Of The Authorities As A Promoter Of Revolution. In 1814, He Joined The ...
Christoph Bernhard Ton Galen
Galen, Christoph Bernhard Ton, Bishop Of Minister, And One Of The Greatest Gen Erals Of His Time, Was B. At Bispink, In Westphalia, Oct. 15, 1600. After Completing His Studies In The Jesuit College Of Munster, And At The Universities Of Cologne, Mavence, Louvain, And Bordeaux, He Held Several Political ...
Ciiristopii Willibald Gluck
Gluck, Ciiristopii Willibald Vow, A German Musical Composer, Who May Be Con Sidered The Father Of The Modern Opera, Was B. July 2, 1714, At Weissenwangen, In The Upper Palatinate. He Learned The Rudiments Of Music In One Of The Common Schools Of Prague, And As A Wandering Musician Went ...
Claude Fleury
Fleury, Claude, A French Church Historian, Was B. At Paris, 6th Dec., 1640, And Was Educated At First For The Law, But Preferring An Ecclesiastical Career, Subsequently Took Priest's Orders. In 1672, He Became Tutor To The Young Prince De Conti, Who Was Brought Up Along With The Dauphin, And ...
Claudius Galenus
Gale'nus, Claudius, Commonly Called Galen, A Very Celebrated Physician, B. At Pergamus, In Mysia, 130 A. D. In His 17th Year, His Father, Nicon, Who Bad Hitherto Destined Him To Be A Philosopher, In Consequence Of A Dream, Chose For Him The Profes• Sion Of Medicine. This Subject He First ...
Commission Gaol Delivery
Gaol Delivery, Commission Me, Is One .of The Four Commissions Issued To Judges Of Assize In England, Under Which They Discharge Their Duties On Circuit. See Assize. Commission Of G. D. Empowers The Judges To Try And Deliver Every Prisoner Who Shall Be In The Gaol When They Arrive At ...
Council Frankfort
Frankfort, Council Oil', Attended By 300 Bishops From Germany, France, Spain, Italy, And England, Was Held In 794 At Frankfort-on-the-main, By Order Of Charlemagne, To Consider The Decision Of The Second Council Of Niewa Concerning The Worship Of Images; And The Doctrine Of Adoptianism As Advanced Anew By Elipandus And ...
David Garrick
Garrick, David, Actor And Author, Was B: At Hereford In 1716, And Educated At The Grammar School Of Lichfield. After A Short Residence At Lisbon With An Uncle, Who Was A Wine-merchant In That City, He Returned To England, And In 1735 Became A Pupil Of The Famous Dr. Johnson; ...
Dd Fuller Thomas
Fuller. Thomas, D.d., An Eminent English Historian And Divine, Was B. In 1608 At Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, Of Which Parish Hig Father: Was Rector. He Was Educated At Queen's College, Cambridge, And Greatly Distinghished Himself By His Application Study. He Took The Degree Of A.b. In 1624, And That Of A.m. ...
Drinks
Drinks Are Merely Liquid Foods. They All Pertain To The Aqueous Group Noticed In The, Article Diet. They Are Arranged By Pereira In His Treatise On Food And Diet In The Six Following Orders: 1. Mucilaginous, Farinaceous, Or Saccharine Drinks—as Toast-water, Barley-water, Gruel, Etc. They Are Very Slightly Nutritive, And ...
Duncan Porbe3
Porbe3, Duncan, Of Culloden, A Celebrated Scottish Politician Of The 18th C., And Lord President Of The Court Of Session, Was Born Either At Culloden Or At Bunchrew For The Family Possessed Both Estates—in The Neighborhood Of Inverness, On The 10th Nov. 1685. In 1704, The Year That His Father ...
Dynamical Geology
Dynamical Geology Discusses The Processes Now In Action Upon The Earth, Whereby Changes Are Made In The Structure And Composition Of The Crust; In The Relations Between The Interior And The Surface, As Shown By Volcanoes, Earthquakes, And Other Terrestrial Distii•btaces; In The Distribution Of Oceans And Continents; In The ...
Earl Or Wessex Godwin
Godwin, Earl Or Wessex, A Famous Saxon Noble, Towards The End Of The 10th Century. Originally, It Is Said, He Followed The Occupation Of A Col'-herd; But Having Found Means To Ingratiate Himself With Ulfr, The Brother-in-law Of King Canute,•the Latter Gave Him His Daughter In Marriage, And Lie Soon ...
Earls Of
Earls Of Aberdeen.—sorne Genealogists Have Sought To Engraft This Branch Upon The Parent Stem Before It Was Transplanted To The N. Towards The End Of The 14th Century. But No Evidence Has Been Produced In Support Of This Claim; And Modern Research Holds By The Old Tradition, That The House ...
Earls Of Huntly Lords
Lords Of Gordon And Badenocii, Earls Of Huntly, Marquises Of Huntly, And Dukes Of Gonnox.—elizabeth Of Gordon, The Heiress Of Sir Adam, Married Before 1408 Alexander Of Seton (the Son William Of Seton), Who, Before 1437, Was Cre Ated Lord Of Gordon. Their Son Alexander, Who Took The Name Of ...
Earthworks In Field
Earthworks In Field Fortification.—as The Most Readily Constructed, Earth Works Naturally Recommend Themselves To The Engineer, Who, In The Field, Is Called Upon To Defend The Position Of An Army Against Sudden Attack., Their Utility Has Been Shown In Their Employment From The Earliest Times; And Modern Experience Tends To ...
Ebenezer Gay
Gay, Ebenezer, 1696-1787, B. Mass.; Graduated At Harvard, And Settled As A Min Ister In 1718. When He Was 85 Years Old He Preached A Sermoir Which Has Been Fre Quently Republished Under The Name Of The Old Man's Calendar. His Theological Views Were Very Liberal. Gay, Joins, Was B. ...
Edmond Gibson
Gibson, Edmond, D.d., 1669-1748, Bishop Of London. Iie Was In 1686 Entered As Scholar At Queen's College Oxford, Where, At The Early Age Of Twenty-two, He Distin Guished Himself By The Publication Of A Valuable Edition Of The Saxon Chronicle With A Latin Translation, Indices, And Notes. This Was Followed ...
Edward Fitzgerald
Fitzgerald, Edward, Lord. 176-98; One Of The- Leaders Of The United Irish Men, A Younger Son Of The First Duke Of Leinster; Born Near Dublin. At 10 Years Of Age, He Lost His Father, And, His Mother Marrying Again, The Family Soon After Settled In France. Lord Edward Was Carefully ...
Edward Forbes
Forbes, Edward, An Eminent Naturalist, Was B. At Douglas, Isle Of Man, Feb. 12, 1815, And D. In Edinburgh, Nov. 18,1854. He Received A Desultory And Imperfect Edu Cation In Early Life, In Consequence Of Ill Health; But When He Left Home At The Age Of 16, He Had Already ...
Edward Gibbon
Gibbon, Edward, The Historian Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire, Was 'b. At Putney, April 27 (o. S.), 1737, And Was The First Child Of Edward Gibbon And Of Judith Porten, Both Of Good Family, And The Only One Of Seven Children That Sur Vived Infancy. Memoirs ...
Edwin Forrest
Forrest, Edwin, 1806-72; B. Philadelphia, Of Scotch And German Descent. He Made His First Appearance On The Stage, Nov. 27, 1820, As "young Norval" In The Play Of Douglas. By Diligence And Close Study He Rose In The Profession, And In 1826, At The Park Theater, New York, Made A ...
Elector Of Brandenburg Frederick William
Frederick-william, Elector Of Brandenburg, Commonly Called " The Great Elector," Was B. In 1620, Succeeded To The Electorate In 1640, And D. In 1688. On His Accession, He Found An Empty Exchequer, The Towns And Cities Depopulated, And The Whole Electorate Devastated By The Ravages Of The Swedish And Imperialist ...
Electro Metalliirgy
Electro-metalliirgy Is The Art Of Depositing, Electro-chemically, A Coating Of Metal On A Surface Prepared To Receive It. It May He Divided Into Two Great Divisions—elec Trotype And Electroplating, Gilding, Etc.; The Former Including All Cases Where The Coat Ing Of Metal Has To Be Removed From The Surface On ...
Elias Fries
Fries, Elias, A Distinguished Swedish Botanist, Was B. 15th Aug., 1794, In The Dis Trict Of Femsjh, And Studied At Lund, Where He Became Demonstrator In Botany In 1828. In 1834,11e Was Translated To The University Of •upsala, As Professor 'of Practical Eco Nomics, With Which; After The Death Of ...
Elizabeth Fry
Fry, Elizabeth, An Eminent Female Philanthropist And Preacher Of The Society Of Friends, Third Daughter Of John Gurney, Esq. Of Earlham Hall, Near Norwich, Was B. May 21, 1780. Her Active And Untiring Exertions In The Cause Of Suffering Humanity, Unparalleled In One Of Her Own Sex, Acquired For Her ...
Emanuel Geibel
Geibel, Emanuel, One Of The Most Popular Of The Living Poets Of Germany, Was B. At Lubeck, On Oct. 18, 1815. After Attendance At The High School Of His Native Town, He Completed His Studies At The University Of Bonn. In 1936, He Went To Berlin, Where He Became Acquainted ...
Emile De Girardin
Girardin, Emile De, A French Journalist And Politician, The Illegitimate Son Of The Royalist General Alexandre De Girardin And Madame Dupuy, Was B. In Switzerland In 1802, Educated In Paris, And In 1823 Was Appointed General Secretary Of The Royal Museums. After The July Revolution, Girardin Established The Journal Des ...
Epistle To The Galatians
Galatians, Epistle To The. This Epistle Was Written By The Apostle Paul During His Residence At Ephesus, Probably About The Year 56 A.d., And Is Generally Reckoned The Third Or Fourth Of The Pauline Epistles In The Order Of Time. The Circumstance Which Called It Forth Was The Diffusion, Throughout ...
Epistle To The Galatians_2
Galatians, Epistle To The (ante), Was Universally Received In The Early Church As A Genuine Work Of The Apostle Paul, And Is Clearly Shown To Be Such By Its Contents, Style, And Manner. In The Introduction (i. 1-5) Paul Announces To The Gala Tians His Apostolic Authority As Derived Directly ...
Eric Gustaf Geier
Geier, Eric Gustaf, One Of The Most Distinguished Historians Of Sweden, Was B. At Itansiltter, In The Swedish Lmn Of Wermland, In 1783. He Was Sent, At The Age Of 16, To The University Of Upsala; And In 1803 Lie Competed Successfully For The Prize. Which Was That Year Awarded ...
Esprit Flechier
Flechier, Esprit, 1632-1710; A French Preacher Of The Congregation Of Christian Doctrine. In 1659, He Was Professor Of Rhetoric At Narbonne. His Chief Celebrity Arose From His Eloquence As An Orator, But He Was Also In Great Favor With His Contemporaries For His Political Compositions, Among Which Were Carmen Eudaristicum, ...
Estate Of Freehold
Freehold, Estate Of (libe•em Tenementum, Frank Tenement): Real Estates In Eng Lana In The Present Clay Are Divided Into Freehold And Copyhold. By Freehold Property Is Meant All Estates Which Owe No Duty Or Service To Any Lord But The King. What Are Now Known As Estates Of Freehold Were, ...
Etienne 31aurice Gerard
Gerard, Etienne-31aurice, Comte, Marshal Of France, Was B. At Damvilliers, In Lorraine, On The 4th Of April, ,1773. He Enrolled As A Volunteer In The Second Battalion Of The Meuse, And Served During The Campaign Of 1792-93 Under Dumouriez And Jourdan, And Afterwards Accompanied Bernadotte On His Embassy To Vienna. ...
Etienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire
Geoffroy Saint-hilaire, Etienne, A French Zoologist Mid Physiologist, Was B. At Etampes In 1772, And D. At Paris He Was Destined By His Family For The Profession, And Sent To Prosecute His Studies At The College Of Navarre, Where, He Attended The Lectures Of Brisson, Who Speedily Awakened In Him ...
Fabre Geffrard
Geffrard, Fabre, Son Of Nicholas Geffrard, One Of The Founders Of Haytianinda Pendence, B. Hayti, 1806. After Graduating In 1821, He Joined The 13th Regiment As U, Private Soldier, Attaining The Grade Of Captain In 1843, In Which Year He Joined Hirard, In Rebellion Against Boyer. Having In.1845 Been Appointed ...
Fcetus
Fce'tus, The Term Applied In Medicine To The Mammalian Embryo, Especially In Its More Advanced Stages. In The Human Subject, We Usually Speak Of The Embryo At And After The End Of The Fourth Month As A Foetus. There Are Several Points In Relation To The F. Which Are Of ...
Feast Of Fools
Fools, Feast Of. The Romans Kept The Festival Of Saturn, In Dec., As A Time Of General License And Revelry. During The Brief Season Of The Saturnalia (q.v.), The Flaw, Reclined On His Master's Seat At Table, The Master Waited Upon His Slave, And Soci Ety, For The Moment, Seemed ...
Ferdiand Freiligrath
Freiligrath, Ferdi*and, A Brilliant Lyric Poet Of Germany, Was B. At Detmold, In The Principality Of Lippe, 17th June, 1810. He Attended The High School In His Native Town Till The Year 1823, When Lie Entered A Merchant's Office, First At Soest, And After Wards At Amsterdam. Encouraged By The ...
Fischart
Fischart, Joins, A Very Extraordinary German Author, Was H. Oilier At :rfainz Nt Strasburg, Probably About The Year 1545. Regarding His Life, We Know Very Little. Lie Was By Profession A Jurist, Lint His Writings Exhibit An Immense Learning And Reading In All The Departments Of Human Knowledge. About 1570, ...
Fisheries
Fisheries (ante). To The General View In The Article Ante We Acid Some Facts Con Cerning American Fisheries, Their Extent And Product. The French First, Learned The Value Of The Newfoundland Fisheries About The Beginning Of The 16th C., A Value That The Lapse Of 400 Years Has In No ...
Fisheries
Fisheries. The Capture Of Various Kinds Of Fish For The Purpose Of Trade Has Always Been Extensively Carried On In Maritime Countries, And In Those Which Are Watered By Large Rivers; And Has Been The Means In Many Instances Of Adding Greatly To Their Prosperity. In Great Britain And Ireland, ...
Fishes
Fishes, Pisces, The Fourth—or, According To Milne-edwards And Some Other Natural Ists (see Ampribia), The Fifth—class Of Vertebrated Animals; Consisting Of Creatures Which Live In Water, And Accordingly Breathe By Gills (bronchia), And Not, At Any Stage Of Their Existence, By Lungs. In Number—both Of Individuals And Of Different Kinds—they ...
And Other Means Of
Freezing Mixtures, And Other Means Of Cooling (ante). In General, It May Be Said That Artificial Freezing Is Effected By Three Methods, That Of Liquefaction By Mixtures, That Of The Expansion Of Vapors Escaping From Volatile Liquids, And That Of The Expansion Of Compressed Air. Before Giving A Description Of ...
And Otiter Means Of
Freezing Mixtures, And Otiter :means Of Cooling. When Matter Passes From The Solid Into The Liquid State, Heat In Large Quantity Disappears, And Ceases To Affect The Thermometer. See Heat. The Chemist Avails Himself Of The Fact That Heat Disappears During Liquefaction, For The Purpose Of Procuring Artificial Cold. When ...