Fishing
Fishing. The Capture Of Fishes, For Food Has Been Carried On In A Variety Of Ways From The Most Remote Antiquity, And Is Probably At Least As Ancient As The Hunting Or Trapping Of Any Kind Of Wild Animal. The Supply Of Food Yielded To Man By The Waters Seems ...
Fistula
Fistula, In Former Times, Was Applied, In Its Etymological Meaning Of A Pipe, To Such Abscesses (q.v.) As Had Contracted To Narrow, Hard, Open Passages In The Soft Tex Ture Of The Body (see Tissue), Lined By A Kind Of False Membrane, Giving Rise To A Thin Discharge. At The ...
Fitch
Fitch, Joun, 1743-98; B. Windsor, Conn. The Son Of A Farmer, And Receiving Only A Common-school Education, He Became Noted For His Discoveries And Inventions In Connection With Steam Navigation. When Quite A Lad, He Made A Few Voyages Before The Mast, But Became Tired Of That Business, And Devoted ...
Fitentes De Onoro
Fiten'tes De Onoro (the Fountains Of Honor), A Small Village Of Salamanca, Spain, On The Portuguese Frontier, 14 In. W. Of Ciudad Rodrigo, Is Well Known As The Scene Of One Of The Important Battles Of The Peninsular War, Between The English Under Wel Lington And The French Under Massena. ...
Five Mile Act
Five-mile Act, Passed By The English Parliament In 105. It Forbade Non-con Formist Ministers, Who Refused To Take The Non-resistance Oath, To Come Within 5 M. Of Any Corporation Where They Had Preached Since The Act Of Oblivion (unless They Were Traveling), Under A Penalty Of Sao. The Act Was ...
Fixtures
Fixtures, In The Law Of England, Are Those Personal Chattels (q.v.) Which Are Let Into The Soil, Or Otherwise Actually Affixed To The Freehold; A Definition Which Is Suffi Ciently Accurate To Afford A Principle For The Solution Of The Questions Which Arise Between Landlord And Tenant As To'the Right ...
Flag
Flag, A Popular Name For Many Endogenous Plants With Sword-shaped Leaves, Mostly Growing In Moist Situations. It Is Sometimes Particularty Appropriated To The Species Of Iris (q V.) Or Flower-de-luce; But Is Given Also Very Indiscriminately To Other Plants Of Similar Foliage, As The Acorns Calamus (see Acoaus), Which Is ...
Flagellants
Flag'ellants, The Name Given To Certain Bodies Of Fanatical Enthusiasts, Who, At Various Intervals From The 13th To The 16th C., Made Their Appearance In The Different Countries Of Europe, Proclaiming The Wrath Of God Against The Corruption Of The Times, Inviting Sinners To Atone For Sin By Self-inflicted Scourgings ...
Flaman
Fla%man, Joins, Tire Greatest Of English Sculptors, Was B. At Fork, 6th July, 1755. At The Age Of 15, He Became A Student In The Royal Academy, But Never Worked In The Studio Of Any Master. In 1782, He Married Miss Ann Denman, A Lady Of Superior Gifts And Graces, ...
Flame
Flame Is A Particular Form Of Combustion (q,v,) Or Burning. .ordinary Combustion Consists In The Of The Aimoiphere Combining With Some Combiatible Substance So Rapidly As To Give Out Light And Heat. When The Combustible Is Either Originally A Gas, Or Becomes 30 By The Heat, The Combustion Takes The ...
Flamingo
Flamingo, Phanicopterus, A Genus Of Birds Which Until Recently Was Placed By All Naturalists Among The Grallatores (waders), But Is Now Generally Ranked Among The Palmi Pedes, And Even Referred To The Family Of Anatidw. The Bill Is Large, Deeper Than Broad, And Suddenly Curved Downwards Near The Middle, So ...
Flamintan Way
Flamin'tan Way ( Tria Flaminia), The Great Northern Road Of Ancient Italy, Leading From Rome To Arimimun (rimini) On The Adriatic. It Was Constructed By C. Flaminius During His Censorship (220 Me.), And Was Designed To Secure A Free Communication With The Recently Conquered Gaulish Territory. The F. W. Was ...
Flamsteed
Flamsteed, John, The First Astronomer-royal Of England, For Whose Use The Royal Observatory At Greenwich (called Flamsteed House) Was Built, Was B. Near Derby, 19th Aug., 1646, And Early Devoted Himself To Mathematical And Astronomical Pursuits. While Yet A Youth, He Mastered The Theory Of The Calculation Of Eclipses; And ...
Flanders
Flanders Was Formerly The Name Of An Extensive And Almost Independent Territory Ruled By "counts," And Embracing, Besides The Present Belgian Provinces Of The Same Name, The Southern Portion Of The Province Of Zealand In Holland, And Some Of The Departments In The Me. Of France. Cmsar Found This District ...
Flank
Flank (the Side), A Word Used In Many Senses In Military Matters. Flanks Of An Army Are The Wings, Or Bodies Of Men On The Right And Left Extremities, Prepared To Close In Upon An Enemy Who Shall Attack The Center. Flank Files Are The Soldiers Marching On The Extreme ...
Flatheads
Flatheads, Signifying Certain North American Indians Who Artificially Compress The Heads Of Their Children, As The Chinese Compress The Feet, By Various Mechanical Contrivances. The Deformity Is Much Like That Observed In Ancient Peruvian Heads. The Forehead Is Flattened, And The Upper And Middle Parts Of The Face Are Pushed ...
Flax
Flax, Linum, A Genus Of Plants Comprising The Greater Part Of The Natural Order Linacew; An Exogenous Order Allied To Geraniacem And Oxalklem, And Consisting Of Annual And Perennial Herbaceous Plants, With A Few Small Shrubs. There Are About Ninety Known Species Of This Order Scattered Over The Globe, But ...
Flax Dressing
Flax-dressing. When The Seeds Are Beginning To Change From A Green To A Pale Brown, Is The Best Time For Pulling Flax. Where The Crop Grows Of Different Lengths, These Lengths Should Be Pulled And Kept Separately, Uniformity In This Respect Being Of Great Value In The After-processes. The Process ...
Flea
Flea, Fufae, A Linntean Genus Of Apterous Insects, Now Commonly Regarded By Entomologists As Constituting A Distinct Order• Suctoria, Siptionaptera, Aphaniptera. The Species Are Not Numerous, And Little Subdivision Of .the Genus Has Been Attempted. It Has Been Suggested As Probable, That Further ;nvestiation May Lead To A Recognition Of ...
Fleet Marriages
Fleet Marriages, The Practice Of Contracting Clandestine Marriages Was Very Prevalent In England Before The Passing Of The First Marriage Act (see Manmage). The Chapels At The Savoy And At May Fair, In London, Were Long Famous For The Perform Ance Of These Marriages; But No Other Place Was Equal ...
Flemish Language Ane Literature
Flemish Language Ane Literature. The Vlaemisch Or Flemish Is A Form Of Low German Still Spoken In•the Belgian Provinces Of East And West.flanders, Limburg, Antwerp, North-brabant, And In Some Parts Of Holland And The Walloon Provinces Of Belgium. So Little Change Has Taken Place In This Dialect, That The Form ...
Flesh
Flesh Is The Ordinary Term For Muscular Tissue. After The Removal Of The Blood Vessels, Nerves, Connective (or Cellular) Tissue, Etc., The F. Is Found To Consist Of Vari Ous Textural Elements, Which Are Described In The Article Muscle (q.v.). Numerous Analyses Have Been Made Of The Muscular Substance Of ...
Flimions
Flimions, In Mathematics. The Method Of Fluxions Invented By Newton Was Intimate Ly Connected With The Notion Of Velocity Uniform And Variable; And Extended That Notion, Derived From The Consideration Of A Moving Point,'to Every Species Of Magnitude And Quantity. It Proposed To Determine, In All Cases, The Rate Of ...
Flint
Flint, A Mineral Which May Be Regarded As A Variety Of Quartz, Or As Intermediate Between Quartz And Opal, Consisting Almost Entirely Of Silica, With A Very Little Lime, Oxide Of Iron, Water, Carbon, And Sometimes Even Traces Of Organic Matter. It Has A Flat Shell-like Fracture, Is Translucent Or ...
Flint Implements And Weapons
Flint Implements And Weapons, Believed To Have Been Used By The Primitive Inhabitants, Have From Time To Time, In More Or Less Number, Been Turned Up By The Plow And The Spade, Dug Out From Ancient Graves, Fortifications And Dwelling-places, Or Fished Up From The Beds Of Lakes And Rivers, ...
Flint_2
Flint, Rev. Tniorrirr, An American Clergyman And Author, Was B., In 1780, At Reading, Mass., And Graduated At Harvard College. In 1802, He Became Minister Of The Congregational Church In Lunenburg, Co. Of Worcester In That State, Where He Remained Till 1814. In The Following Year, He Became A Missionary ...
Flintshire
Flintshire, A Maritime Co. Of N. Wales, Bounded On The E. By Cheshire And The River Dee, On The S. And W. By Denbighshire, And On The N. By The Irish Sea. The Main Portion Of The County Is 25 M. Long By 10 Broad, And The Larger Of The ...
Floating Docks
Floating-docks. So Iong As Ships Remained Of A Small Size, No Difficulty Was Found In Effecting Repairs On Their Hulls By The Simple Method Of Laying Them On Any Convenient Beach Or Sandbank At High-water. The Receding Tide Would Leave Them High And Dry For A Few Hours At A ...
Floating Islands
Floating Islands Exist In Some Lakes, And More Rarely In Slow And Placid Rivers. Not Tin Frequently They Are Formed By The Detachment Of Portions Of The Bank; The Interlaced Roots Of Plants Forming A Fabric Sufficiently Strung To Endure The Occasional Buffeting Of Waves, And To Support Soil For ...
Floating Warehouses
Floating Warehouses. The Danger That Attends The Storing Of Petroleum And Other Inflammable And Explosive Chemicals Has Led In France To The Construction Of Warehouses, Storehouses, Or Magazines That Will Float In A Dock Or Basin, And Can Be Moored At A Distance From Buildings On Land. So Far As ...
Floor Cloth
Floor-cloth, A Coarse Canvas Coated On Both Sides, And Partly Saturated With Thick Oil-paint, One Side Having Usually A Colored Pattern Printed Upon It In Oil-paint. The Canvas Basis For Floor-cloth Is Chiefly Manufactured In Dundee. As It Is Required To Be Without Scam, And Of Sufficient Width To Cover ...
Florence
Florence (ital. Firenze), A City Of Italy, Capital Of The Former Duchy Of Tuscany, Is Situated In The Valley Of The Arno, In Lat. 43° 46' U., And Long. 11° 15' East. It Is About 123 Ft. Above The Level Of The Sea, 60 M. From Leghorn, 40 From Siena, ...
Florida
Florida, The Name Of The Most Southerly And Most Nearly Tropical Member Of The United States Of North America. Including Its Adjacent Islands And Its Reef-like Chain Of Keys On The S.w. It Stretches In N. Lat. Between 25° And 31°, And In W. Long. Between And 44'. The Greater ...
Florida
Florida_ (ante), So Called By The Spaniards Because Discovered On Or About Easter (some Say Palm Sunday, Pascua Florida), Or Because Of The Number Of Flowers That Cov Ered The Country. Ponce De Leon, In Search Of The Fountain Of Youth, Was The First European To Visit Florida, Landing Near ...
Florida Blanca
Florida Blanca, Don Josxro Rimonmo, Count Of, Prime Minister Under Charles Iii. Of Spain, Was B. In 1728, At Murcia, Where His Father Was A Notary. Having Studied At Salamanca, He Gained Soon After Such Distinction That He Was Appointed Spanish Ambassador To Clement Xiv. Of Rome. In That Office, ...
Florists Flowers
Florists' Flowers Are Those Kinds Of Flowers Which Have Been Cultivated With Peculiar Care, And Of Which, Consequently, There Exist Numerous Varieties, Differing Very Much In Appearance From Each Other And From The Original Flower. Such Are Tulips, Hyacinths, Roses, Auriculas, Carnations, Anemones, Ranunculuses, Dahlias, Etc. The Special Cultivation Of ...
Flory Fleury
Fleury, Flory, Floivrt, Fleurette, Etc., In Heraldry, Signifies That The Object Is Adorned With Fleurs-de-lis; A Cross-flcury, For Example, Is A Cross, The Ends Of Which Are In The Form Of Fleurs-de-lis. :there Are Several Varieties In The Modes Of Representing These Crosses, Which Has Led To Distinction's Being Made ...
Fluor Spar
Fluor-spar, A Mineral Which Has Been Often Described As Chemically Fiturte Of Lime, A Compound Of Fluoric (hydrofluoric) Acid And Lime, But Which Is In Reality Fluoride Of Calcium (caf), Consisting Of 48.14 Fluorine And 51.86 Calcium (the Base Of Lime). It Occurs Both Crystallized And Massive; The Massive Varieties ...
Fluorescence
Fluorescence (ante), The Action Of Certain Substances Which Absorb Light Waves Of Short Wave-length And Re-emit The Same Light Energy In Waves Of Greater Length. Some Experiments Are Thus: A Beam Of Sunshine, Thrown By A Mirror Into A Dark Room Through A Hole In A Shutter, Is Made To ...
Fluorine
Fluorine Is An Elementary Substance Allied To Chlorine. Its Principal Natural Source Is The Mineral, Fluor Spar (caf), Although It Is Also Found In Minute Quantities In The Igneous Rocks, Natural Waters, Plants, The Bones And Teeth Of Animals, As Also In Milk, Blood, Etc. Many Attempts Have Been Made ...
Fluorine_2
Fluorine (ante). Fluorine Has A Strong Tendency To Form Double Fluorides: Those Containing Hydrogen Have Acid Reactions, As Hydrofluosilicie Acid, 211f,sif.; Hydroboro Fluoric Acid, This Tendency To Form Double Salts Has Suggested The Idea That Fluorine Is Diatomic, And That Its Equivalent Should Be 3s Instead Of 19. On This ...
Flute
Flute, One Of The Oldest Wind Instruments, Well Known To- The Ancient Greeks, Has A Soft And Pleasant Quality Of Tone, Is An Important Instrument In Orchestral Music, And, In Consequence Of Its Easy Treatment, Is, In Modern Times, Much In Favor With Amateurs. The F. Is Commonly Made Of ...
Fluvanna
Fluvanna, A Co. In Central Virginia, On The James River, Intersected By The Rivanna River; The James River Canal Passes Along The S. Border; 170 Sq.m.; Pop. '70, 9,875-5,097 Colored. The Surface Is Generally Level, And The Soil Is Fertile, Producing Corn, Tobacco, Wheat, And Oats. Co. Seat, Palmyra. Flux ...
Fluxions
Fluxions (ante). Imagine A Point To Move Uniformly In The Direction Of A Fixed Line, And, At The Same Time, To Have A Variable Transverse Motion Depending Upon A Law Which Determines The Character Of The Curve Or Line Thus Generated. The Indefinite Part Of The Curve Up To Any ...
Fly Catcher
Fly-catcher, Museicapa, A Genus Of Birds Of The Order Insessores, Tribe Dentirostres, And Family Museicapidm, Having A Moderately Long Angular Bill, Broad And Depressed At The Base, Compressed And Slightly Curved At The Point; The Base Surrounded With Hairs Or Bristles Directed Forwards, And Which Help To Secure Insect Prey. ...
Flying Fish
Flying Fish, A Name Given To All Those Fishes Which Have The Pectoral Fins So Very Large That By Means Of Them They Are Sustained In Short Seeming Flights In The Air. These Fishes Belong To Two Very Different Families—scombere.socidce And Sclerogenidce; But The Name F. F. Is Sometimes Limited ...
Flying Squirrel
Flying Squirrel, Piero-rays, The Name Given To A Considerable Number Of Species Of The Squirrel Family (seturidrs), Which Have A Fold Of The Skin Of The Flanks Extended Between The Fore And Bind Legs, And Partly Supported By Bony Processes Of The Feet, By Means Of Which They Are Enabled ...
Fodder
Fodder, (ger. Fetter, Anglo-sax. Foddor), The Food Collected By Man For The Use Of The Domestic Herbivorous Quadrupeds. In English, The Term Is Commonly Restricted To Dried Herbage, As Hay And Straw; But In Other Languages, It Is More Comprehensive, And In Cludes All The Food Of Cattle, Except What ...
Fodder_2
Fodder, In Law. It Is Generally Considered To Be Implied In The Rules Of Good Hus Bandry That The Hay And Straw Produced By The Farm Shall Be Consumed On It. In Eng Land, "in The Absence Of Any Agreement Respecting The Removal Of Hay And Straw, The Right To ...
Fog Signals
Fog-signals (ante). The Importance To Navigation Along The Coast Of The United States Of These Signals, Has Led To Many Experiments And Improvements. The Bells, Gongs, Guns, Etc., Used On Board Ship Are Little Depended Upon; But Instead, There Have Been Placed At Many Points On The Coast, Whistles And ...
Foil
Foil, A Thin Bar Of Elastic Steel, Mounted As A Rapier (q.v.), But Without A Point, And Additionally Blunted At The End By The Presence Of A Button Covered With Leather. It Is Used In Fencing (q.v.). Foil (from Folium, A Leaf), A General Name For Thin Metal Intermediate In ...
Foix
Foix, An Old French Family, Which Took The Title Of Count From The District Of F. (now The Department Of Ariege), In The S. Of France. The First Who Bore The Title Was Roger, Comte De F., Who Flourished In The Middle Of The 11th Century. Raymond, Comte De F., ...
Folk Lore
Folk-lore, A Term Compounded After A German Model, And Of Late Used To Designate What May Be Called A Department Of Antiquities Or Archmology—viz., That Which Relates To Ancient Observances And Customs, And Also Ideas, Prejudices, And Superstitions Among The Common People. In England, The Literature Of This Subject May ...
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau, A T. In France, In The Department Of Seine:et-marne, Is Beautifully Situated In The Midst Of An Extensive Forest, Near The Left Bank Of The Seine, 35 M. E.e. Of Paris, With Which It Is Connected Both By Steamers On The• Seine, And By Railway. There Are Several Fine ...
Fontana
Fonta'na, Domenico, An Eminent Entdneer And Architect, B. In 1543, At Mili, In The Vicinity Of Lake Como. At The Age Of 20 He Joined His Brother, Also An Architect In Rome, And In A Brief Period Achieved A Reputation Sufficiently Brilliant To Attract The Notice Of The Magnificent Cardinal ...
Fontevrault
Fontevrault, Fons Ebraldi, A Small T. Of France, In The Department Bf Maine-et Loire, 8 M. S.e. Of Saumur, With A Pop. Of (1876) 2,651, Owes Its Origin To A Wealthy And Celebrated Abbey, Now Converted Into A Prison For Eleven Departments. This Abbey Was Founded By Robert D'arhrissel, A ...
Food
Food. The Food Of Man Is Derived Entirely From The Vegetable And Animal Kingdoms. Of Animals Used For F. By Man The Catalogue Is Very Large. Savages, Impelled By Hunger, And Unrestrained By Any Of Those Opposing Considerations Which Are Always Powerful With Civilized Man, Eagerly Devour Almost Every Animal ...
Food And Drink
Food And Drink. Although Nearly Sixty Elementary Substances Are Known To Chemists, Only A Comparatively Small Number Of These Take Part In The Formation Of Man And Other Animals; And It Is Only This Small Number Of Constituents Which Are Essential Elements Of Our Food. These Elements Are Carbon, Hydrogen, ...
Foot Prints
Foot-prints, See Icincowgy. Amongst Sheep Is Of Two Varieties, The Commoner Consisting Of An Inordi Nate Growth Of Hoof, Which At The Toe, Or Round The Margin, Becomes Turned Down, Cracked, Or Torn, And Thus Affords Lodgment For Sand And Dirt. Insufficient Wearing Of The Hoof Is The Obvious Cause, ...
Foot Washing
Foot-washing, An Eastern Custom Of Very Early Times, Having Its Origin In Necessities Produced By Climate And Modes Of Dress, And In The Obligations Attached To The Rites Of Hospitality. In The Most Primitive Times, The Feet Were Without Covering And Sandals Afforded Protection Only To The Sole. Consequently, After ...
Football
Football. This Game Has Long Been A Favorite Throughout The British Isles; And • As A Winter Game, Is Far More Popular Than Any Other, Especially In Our Universities And Public Schools. A Large Park Or Common Is Best Suited For The Game, One Of The Most Attractive Features Of ...
Foratrinifera
Foratrinif'era, A Group Of Marine Animals Of Very Low Organization, Consisting If A Gelatinous Substance Enclosed In A Shell, Which Is Generally Calcareous, Either Simple M Divided Into Chambers Variously Arranged, And Pierced With Pores Or Passages Foramina, Whence The Name), Through Which Long Delicate Processes Of The Soft Animal ...
Forbes
Forbes, Jaarss Principal Of The United College In The University Of St. Andrews, A Grandson Of Sir W. Forbes, The Banker, Was B. At Colinton, Near Edinburgh, April 20, 1809. He 'studied In The University Of Edinburgh From 1825 Until 1830, When He Was Admitted To The Scottish Bar. On ...
Forbes Mackenzie Act
Forbes Mackenzie Act. The Statute, Popularly Known By The Name Of The Gen Tleman (mr. Forbes Mackenzie, M.p. For Peeblesshire) Who Introduced The Bill, Is The 16 And 17 Viet. C. 67 (1853), Entitled "an Act For The Better Regulation Of Public-houses In Scotland." This Act Retained In General The ...
Forbes_2
Forbes, Sir Joan, An Eminent Physician, Was B. Oct. 18, 1787,at Cutticbrae, Banff Shire, And Died Nov. 13, 1861. After Studying, At Aberdeen And Edinburgh, He Entered, The Navy In 1807 As Assistant-surgeon, And Continued Ou Active Duty, Till 1816,-when He Finally Left The Service. In 1817, He Wok The ...
Forbes_3
Forbes, Joan Murray, An., B. 1807; Graduated At Columbia College In 1827, And At The Episcopal Theological Seminary In 1830. In 1834, He Became Rector Of St. Luke's. Church, New York, And Was For A Time Professor Of Pastoral Theology And Pulpit Elo Quence In The Pastoral Theological Seminary. In ...
Forbes_4
Forbes, Sir William, Of Pitsligo, Bart., An Eminent Scottish Banker, Son Of Sir William Forbes, Bart., Advocate, Was Born In Edinburgh, April 5, 1739. He Succeeded His Father When Only 4 Years Old, And Received His Education At Aberdeen. In His 15th Year, He Was Introduced Into The Bank Of ...
Forbidden Fruit
Forbidden Fruit, A Name Fancifully Given To The Fruit Of Different Species Of Citrus. In The Shops Of Britain, It Is A Small Variety Of The Shaddock (q.v.) Which Gen Erally Receives This Name. But On The Continent Of Europe, A Different Fruit, Regarded By Some As A Variety Of ...
Force And Fear
Force And Fear. As Consent Is Of The Essence, Or Rather Is The Essence Of All Con Tracts, And As Conseut Implies Not Only Intelligence, But Unfettered Power Of Action In The Consenting Parties, Contr.icts, By The Laws Of All Civilized Nations, Will Be Invalidated If It Shall Be Proved ...
Forceps
Forceps (lat. A Pair Of Tongs Or Pincers), The Name Given By Surgeons To An Instru Ment Of Great Antiquity, Used As A Substitute For The Fingers, And Consisting Of Two Levers Of Metal Jointed Together Crosswise, Nearer To One End Than The Other. The Hand Grasping The Longer Ends ...
Ford
Ford, Jown, An English Dramatist, Was The Second Son Of Thomas Ford Of Ilsing Ton, In The Co. Of Devon. The Date Of His Birth Is Not Known, But He Was Baptized Iu Llsington Church, 17th Of April, 1586. His Family Was Connected With The Famous Lord Chief-justice Popham, And ...
Fordiin
Fordiin, Jorrn Of. Nothing More Is Certainly Known Of This Early Scottish Chroni Cler, Than That He Was A Secular Priest, And Wrote About The Year 1380. It Has Been Inferred From His Name That Lie Was Born At Fordun, In Kincardineshire, And It Has Been Said That Lie Was ...
Foreign Attachment
Foreign Attachment May Have Reference Either To Person Or Property. A Defendant Who Has Been Arrested Or Attached In A Foreign Country, May Be Again Arrested In England On The Same Ground Of Action. Thus, Where A Defendant Had Been Arrested Abroad On An English Judgment, And Escaped And Came ...
Foreign Auxiliaries
Foreign Auxiliaries. In The Early Periods Of English History, F. A. Were By No Means Uncommon. Harold Had A Body Of Danes In His Army When He Defeated The Norwegian King; And To Their Refusal To March Against The Kindred Normans He Owed Not The Least Among The Complications Which ...
Foreign Bill Or Exchange
Foreign Bill Or Exchange Is A Bill Which Is Either Both Drawn And Accepted Abroad; Or Drawn By A Person Residing Abroad On A Person In This Country, Or The Reverse. If A Bill Be Drawn Abroad, And Accepted In England, It Does Not Require A Stamp; But If Drawn ...
Foreign Courts
Foreign Courts, Kent, After Stating That In Cases Not Governed By The Constitu Tion And Laws Of The United States; The Doctrine Of The English Law, As To The Force.and Effect To Be Given To Foreign Judgments, Is The Law Of His Own Country Also, Observes That The Law Thus ...
Foreign Judgment
Foreign Judgment Is The Decree Of Any Tribunal Outside Of The Jurisdiction In Which It Operates. Such Judgments Depend For Their Value And Enforcement Upon Agreement Between States And Nations. The States Of The American Union Are Absolute In Their Several Dominions, And Are Guided By Their Own Laws; But ...
Foreknowledge
Foreknowledge And Foreordination. I. Foreknowledge, In Theology, Is God'sabsolute Knowledge Of All Things Before They Come To Pass. Such Knowledge Of Any Thing Is Impossible To Man. The Human Mind, Through The Limitations Of Its Nature, Fails To Comprehend How The Foreknowledge Of God Can Be Harmonious With The Free ...
Forest Laws
Forest Laws, In England, Laws For The Regulation Of The Royal Forests. Forest Is Ddfined By Lord Coke To Be A Safe Preserve For Wild Animals (fera) Of The Chase, Whence Comes The Term Foresta, By The Change Of E Into O (co. Litt. 233 A). Both Words Probably Spring ...
Forfeiture And Corruption Of
Forfeiture And Corruption Of Blood Arc Penalties Consequent On Convictions For Treason Or Felony. The Penalty Of Forfeiture For Treason Is Founded On This Consider Ation, That He Who Hath Thus Violated The First Principles Of Go'vernment, And Broken His Part In The Original Contract Between King And People, Hath ...
Forfeiture Of Lands
Forfeiture Of Lands Was Originally A Penalty Of The Feudal Law, Incurred On Account Of Some Act By The Tenant Inferring Disloyalty To His Overlord. The Acts Infer Ring Forfeiture Might Be Of Either A Civil Or A Criminal Nature. Forfeiture For Crimes Was Incurred By Treason Or Felony. See ...
Forgery
Forgery (enlarger, To Form Metal Into Shape; To Fabricate), The Crimen Of The Roman Law, Is Held In England, At Common Law, To Be The Fraudulent Making Or Altering Of A Writing Or Seal, To The Prejudice Of Another Man's Right, Or Of A Stamp To The Preju Dice Of ...
Forks
Forks. These Table Instruments Are Only About Three Centuries Old. The Greeks, Romans, And Other Ancient Nations Knew Nothing Of Forks. They Had Large F. For Hay, And Also Iron F. For Taking Meat Out Of Pots, But No Instruments Of The Nature Of Table-forks. In Ancient Times, As Is ...
Form
Form, In Philosophy, Or Idea, The Term Which Plato Used To Express The Reality Of A Thing; "nit Which Makes It What It Is, And Which Continues Always The Same; In Con Trast With Appearances And Objects Of Sensation That Pass Away And Are Altered As They Pass. The Standard ...
Forma Pauperis
Forma Pauperis, The Phrase Usually Employed Both In England And Scotland To Signify The Arrangements By Which An Action May Be Carried On By One Who Is Too Poor To Sue In The Ordinary Way. In England, The Statutes 11 Henry Vii. C. 12, And 23 Henry Viii. C. 15, ...
Forme
Forme, Josfum, Duke Of Otranto, The Son Of A Sea-captain, Was B. At Nantes, 29th May, 1763, And Educated At The Oratoire. He Bailed The Revolution With Enthusiasm, And In 1792 Became A Member Of The National Convention. He Voted For The Death Of Louis Xvi., And Was One Of ...
Formic Acid
Formic Acid Derives Its Name From The Circumstance Of Its Having Been First Obtained From The Formica Rufa, Or Red Ant. In A Concentrated State, It Is A Fuming Liquor With An Irritating Odor, And Occasions Vesication If Dropped Upon The Skin. It Crystallizes At A Temperature Below 3'2°, And ...
Formosa
Formosa (ante); A Portuguese Word Meaning " Formly," " Beautiful," The Chinese Name Tai-wan Means "great L'errace." F. Is An Island, Lying Off The Coast Of China, And Is Intersected By A Range Of Volcanic Mountains, Running From N. To South. The Western Half Only Was Formerly Claimed By China, ...
Forms Of Address
Forms Of Address. Many Persons Are Exposed To Inconvenience From Their Igno Rance Of The Formal Modes Of Addressing Letters To Persons Of Title; We Shall, Therefore, In The Present Article, Give An Enumeration, Taken Mainly From Mr. Dod's Peerage And Bar Onage, Of The Usual Ceremonious Modes Of Written ...
Fornication
Fornication (fornicatio, From Fornix, An Arch-vault, And By Metonymy, A Brothel, Because Brothels At Rome Were In Cellars And Vaults Under Ground). In Most Countries This Crime Has Been Brought Within The Pale Of Positive Law At Some Period Of Their History, And Prohibited By The Imposition Of Penalties More ...
Fort Donelson
Fort Donelson And Fort Henry, The First On The Tennessee And The Last On The Cumberland River, Near The Line Between Tennessee And Kentucky, About 12 M. Apart. The Works Were Built In 1801 By The Confederates, And Strongly Manned. Early In 1862 The Union Army Undertook Their Capture. Feb. ...