THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND is, since the union of Ire• land, the full official designation of the country more generally known as Great Britain, Britain, or the United Kingdom. In addition to the home territories, Great Britain possesses a multitude of dependencies scattered over every part of the globe, and con stituting "an empire on which the sun never sets." The following tables exhibit the extent and population of the several constituent parts of this empire, according to the latest available accounts: Most of the subjects which enter into a complete account of Great Britain are treated under separate heads. The following arc brief indications of a general kind: cloil of Great Britain is almost exclusively devoted to the produc tion of the two necessaries—breadstuffs and grass (roots, etc., for domestic animals). For this purpose, both the soil and the climate are admirably suited. M'Culloch estimated the number of acres in England under grain crops in 1852-53 at 61, millions (wheat, 3 millions; barley, 1; oats and rye, 2: beans and peas, and the total produce at 271 million quarters—value £37,000,000. The produce of potatoes, turnips, rape, and clover is estimated at £26,000.000. The annual value of the pastures and meadow-hay is immense. In 1857, according to the careful statistics collected by the highland and agricultural society of Scotland, there were in Scotland 3,556,572 acres under rotation, the chief crops being grass and hay, 1,459.805 acres; oats, 938,613 acres, yielding 32,750,763 bushels; wheat, 223,152, yielding 6,154,986 bushels; barley, 198,387 yielding 6,564,429 bushels; turnips, 476,691 acres, yielding 6,690,109 tons:. potatoes, 139,819 acres, yielding 430,468 tons. The live-stock amounted to 6,989,368—viz., 185,409 horses, 974,487 cattle. 5,683,168 sheep, and 146,354 swine. The total extent of land returned in 1874 as being under all kinds of crops, bare fallow, and grass was 31,266,919 acres in Great Britain, 15,752,187 acres in Ireland, 94,100 acres in the Isle of Man, 18,436 (1873) acres in the island of Jersey. and 11.678 acres in the islands of Guernsey, Alderney,
etc., making a total for the United Kingdom of 47,143,320 acres. The total acreage of land returned as under cultivation in Great Britain has been larger in each year since the returns were first collected from all occupiers of land in 1868. The live-stock in the United Kingdom in 1874 was as follows: The number of horses included in the agricul tural returns was 1,847,148; in Great Britain, only horses used for agriculture, unbroken horses, and mares kept solely for breeding, are included m the returns; by adding 915.000 for the estimated number of all descriptions of horses, we find the total number of horses in the United Kingdom to be 2,860,000. The total number of cattle returned for the United Kingdom in 1874 was 10,281,036'; of sheep the total number was 34,837, 597; and of pigs, 3,557,354. Of these numbers of live-stock, Great Britain (exclusive of the islands) possessed 2,225,000 horses, and Ireland 525,770; giving a proportionate number, per 100 acres of land under cultivation, of 7.1 in Great Britain, and 3.4 in Ire land. Of cattle of all kinds there were 6,125,491 in Great Britain, or 19.6 per 100 acres; and 4,118,113, or 26.1 per 100 acres, in Ireland. Sheep numbered 30,313,941, or 97.0 per 100 acres, in Great Britain, and not more than 4,437,613, or 28.2 per 100 acres, in Ire land. There were 2,422,832 pigs, or 7.7 per 100 acres, in Great BritAin, exclusive of those kept by cottagers and in towns; and 1,096,494, or 7.0 per 100 acres, in Ireland.
following table exhibits the condition of the textile manufac tures: The jute trade is rapidly rising into importance, especially in Scotland. In 1861 there were 36; in 1868, 41; and in 1875, 110 jute factories in the United Kingdom; and the total number of persons, male and female, employed in this•manufacture in 1875 was 37,920.