5. Words omitted, and passages abridged : ex.st Matt. iv. 6, rois cly-yeXols wire/ IvreXeirai rept aoi;, ,cal Jai xeipav &pact( ae, Mrore rpocrkinhis rp6r Woo rho milk col), for roes d^yytXots abroi; rat rept ao0, roll SiaibuXsilat a-s lv Tdaan Tar 68ois aou• Er? cipoiial as, /.0)7COTE rpoax64/vs rpOs XIOcw, r. 7r. 0'. Ps. xc. II, 12. Comp. also Matt. xxii. 24 with Dent. xxv. 5 ; Rom. ix. 27, 28, with Is. x. 22, 23 ; Heb. iv. 4 with Gen. ii, 3, etc.
6. Passages paraphrastically rendered, or the general sense only given : ex. gr., Rom. ix. 25, where we have a paraphrastic rendering of IIosea ii. 23 ; Rom. x. 6, ff., a free rendering of Dent. xxx. 12, 1T. ; I Cor. i. 31, where the general sense of Jer. ix. 24 is given ; comp. also I Pet. ii. 22 with Is. lix. 9.
7. Several passages quoted together, so as to form one connected sense : ex. ,or., in 2 Cor. vi. 16.18 we have a passage made up of no less than three different passages—Lev. xxvi. It ; Is. lii. I1 ; Jer. xxxi. r ; comp. also Mark i. 2, 3, where Mal. iii. r and Is. xl. 3 are combined ; also Rom. xi. 8, where Is. xxix. to and Dent. xxix. 4 are strangely mixed together.
8. Several of these species of deviations com bined together : ex. gr., Rom. ii. 24, 76 .-pip 6vokta Tali °eel St' &gar 13XarrOwArirat Av rois ttiveat, for Sc' Sul To OPOI.Ca /LOU 13Xaasi1gteirat EP TO1S fevcat. Here we have the substitution of ro0 Ozof; for poi'', and the omission of Sta. ravrbs. Comp. also Rom. xi. 3 with I Kings xix. 14, for an in stance of the combination of omission, substitution, and transposition.
9. Passages rather indicated, or hinted at, than formally quoted ; ex. gr., Eph. v. 14, %rpm raBei5o,v, iisnicrra EIr verp6iv, rat 7r1t6aberet am 6 Xinarbs. The difficulty of assigning this quotation to any passage in the O. T. has been felt by all interpreters, and various theories have been proposed for the sake of removing it. The most probable, however, seems that which regards these words as formed upon Is. lx. 1-3, and the passage as rather hinted at than quoted.* Comp. also Heb. xiii. 15, with Hos. xiv. 2. To this head may be also referred John vii. 38, where no particular passage is quoted, but such passages as Is. xliv. 3 ; lv. 1 ; lviii. 11 ; Zech. xiv. 8 ; xiii. a, are al luded to.
Of these none, it is obvious, amounts to a de struction of the identity of the quotation. Some of them are evidently the result of intention on the part of the writer or speaker ; as, for instance, where a word or phrase is added for the fuller ex position of the passage, or when such grammatical changes are made as are required by the context into which the quotation is introduced. Many of
them may be attributable to various readings, so that we cannot be certain that at the time the auto graphs of the N. T. were issued, all the discre pancies existed which we now find on comparing their quotations with the LXX. or Heb. In fine, it is to be remembered that the N. T. writers ap pear to have, in the majority of cases, quoted from memory, which will easily account for their trans posing and altering words and phrases, omitting words, or indicating in a general way, instead of fully quoting the passage to which they refer. That they chiefly quoted from memory must be admitted when we consider the circumstances in which their writings were, for the most part, com posed—sometimes on a journey—sometimes in prison—very seldom if ever where access to books could be had,—and observe the vagueness and generality which frequently characterise their refer ences to the O. T. Scriptures ; as when, instead of naming the book from which they cite, they merely say tan 7e7paalhipor, or 7) 7pal,i) Xivi, or still more vaguely, ateaaprbpecro 31 rot, t some one has somewhere testified,' Heb. ii. 6 ; litpnre 74 roy, he bath somewhere said,' iv. 4. Comp. 26Xezr yap rou etre, x.r.X. Plato, Erast., Opp., ed. Stallbaum, vi. 2, p. 276.
Some passages appear in the N. T. as quotations which are not to be found in the O. T. Of these the most remarkable are Matt. ii. 15 ; ii. 23 John vii. 38; James iv. 5. The two first we think are best accounted for by supposing them to be quotations of prophecies traditionally handed down and current among the Jews. That there must have been many such, no one who remembers the names of Samuel, and Nathan, and Gad, and Elijah, and Elisha, and others who are mentioned in Scripture, all of whom doubtless prophesied con cerning Christ, will see much reason to doubt.* That Matthew should refer to any of these it may be more difficult to admit ; but when it is con sidered, in the first place, that, supposing such to exist, it was as natural and as desirable to show their fulfilment in Christ as it was to show that of the written prophecies ; and secondly, that it is just as probable that the evangelist should have re ferred to traditionary prophecies, as that the apostles should have referred to traditionary facts, as they repeatedly do,—this difficulty may, perhaps, he surmounted.