4-course : 1, Indigo ; 2, barley and peas : 3, fal low ; 4, wheat.
4-course : 1, Millet ; 2, fallow (green crop plowed in); 8, wheat or other winter cereal ; 4, millet.
2-course : 1, Maize, with carrots between the rows 2, if rainfall is heavy, gram or chick-pea (Cicer arietinum), poppy, mustard or safflower.
2-course : 1, Maize, with carrots ; 2, wheat or Punjab.
Three crops a year : Wheat or barley harvested in March, followed by melons, harvested and land fitted by July and sown to maize. (Handbook of Indian Agriculture, Mukerji, p. 257.) 4-course, with main crop sugar-cane: 1, Dhaincha (Sesbania aeuleata), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), or cowpeas (Cigna Catjang), cut when in bloom (August), and potatoes planted in October ; 2, potatoes, harvested in February and sugar-cane planted ; 3, sugar-cane, harvested in February, and land sown to arhar (pigeon-pea, Cajanus Indices) or aus paddy and then to potatoes ; 4, potatoes, harvested and sugar-cane planted.
4-course on dry (barani) land. Two years fallow, two of crops : 1, Fallow ; 2, wheat and gram ; 3, chari (fodder juar, Sorghum vulgare); 4, fallow.
5-course on rich land : 1, Cotton ; 2, senji (a millet); 3, sugar-cane ; 4, maize ; 5, wheat.
4-course : 1, Wheat or barley, with gram (chick pea) and oil seeds ; 2, juar (sorghum) or bfijra, with pulses ; 3, fallow ; 4, fallow. (J. A. Voelcker, Report on Indian Agriculture, p. 235.) Bombay.
Gujarat: 1, Cotton ; 2, wheat or juar (sorghum); 3, gram (chick-pea) or other legume.
Mahim: 1 and 2, Betel vine (Piper Betel); 3, ginger (Bingiber officinale); 4, sugar-cane ; 5 and 6, plantain (Musa sapientum); 7, rice.
Surat: 1, Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), plowed in, followed by sugar-cane ; 2, sugar-cane ; 3, rice, with arhar (Cajanus Indices) or other legume ; 4, legume.
Konhan, on hill land : 1, NAgli ; 2, warai ; 3, niger seed (Guizotia Abyssiniea); 4 to 9, fallow. (J. A. Voelcker, Improvement of Indian Agriculture, p. 235.) Literature.
In addition to works mentioned in the text, con sult the Yearbook, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 1902, pp. 519-532, for modern American systems. The Complete Far mer, London, England, five editions between 1767 and 1807, contains many examples of rotations in use in Europe previous to and at this period. The writings of Sinclair and Arthur Young contain many examples of rotations in use in Europe, and the Journals of the Royal Agricultural Society of England and the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland contain frequent reference to this topic. The reports of the Boards of Agriculture of some of the eastern states contain articles on this subject. Current agricultural books give some attention to rotations.
A systematic rotation of crops is more commonly practised in Great Britain, Ireland and other coun tries of northern and central Europe and in the eastern parts of the United States and Canada, than elsewhere. The subject has received but little at tention in Australia, and practically none in Alaska, Philippine Islands, Central and South America and the greater parts of Africa and Asia. This note will guide the reader where to look for literature.