Four rusine deer are found throughout India, one of them, the rucervus, occurring only in Central and Northern India, and extending into Assam. The musk deer is only in the Him alayas, and the memimna or moose deer throughout India and in Malayana. The nil-gai and four horned antelope, peculiar to India, are found throughout the Indian region. Gazelles occur both in India and Africa. The goat-like antelope, Nemorrhcedus, is found on the Himalayas, and is peculiar to Eastern Asia from Burma to Japan. One type of the true goats, the type Hemitragus, has a representative on the Himalayas, and another on the Neilgherries. The Siberian ibex extends to the Himalayas; and the markhor, quite of the type of the domestic goat, is found on the N.W. Himalayas and adjoining hilly districts. Of two species of wild sheep, one occurs in the Panjab Salt Ranges, and the other in the Him alayas.
The bison of sportsmen, the magnificent gaur, Gavmus gaurus, abounds in the forests of S. India, and extends into Central India, Burma, and the Malay Peninsula.
Two species of the manic, the scaly ant-eater, occur, one common throughout all India, and one extending from Darjiling into China.
The dugong occurs sparingly on the southern coasts of India ; various species of Delphinus, one Globiocephalus, and one Balmnoptera, and the fresh-water porpoise of the Ganges, Indus, and Irawadi, the Platanista, is a peculiar type..
Along the base of the Himalayas, in the dense jungles, an occasional tiger prowls ; the leopard is not uncommon ; while many of the giime birds about Dugshai are there also plentiful. Among the lesser ranges bordering the plains, and to an elevation of 8000 or 9000 feet, barking-deer are common ; and on the more secluded and craggy mountains the goral or chamois (Nemorrkedus goral) may be occasionally seen sporting among the pine-clad precipices. This little antelope is gregarious, feeding in scattered herds, so that when the loud hissing call of alarm is uttered by one individual, the others, one by one, take it up ; and the hunter, from a prominent position, may see from 10 to 20 gorals ly1 different parts of the hill bounding across The goral is rather higher than the b n °1 deer, and more compact and agile in ,K....s.....asx The species of mamma4 in °I - ion thern Mahratta country were deseriked by (now Sir) Walter Elliot, of the Madras Civil Servn, in the Madras Literary Society's Journal, July 18 . The district of .India in which the animals wer procured is a part of the high table-land towards the south of the Dekhan, commonly called the Southern Mahratta country, and constitutes the British zillah of Dharwar. It ought likewise, geographically speaking, to include the small province of Sunda. The general boundaries are the rivers Kistna and Bhima on the north and north east, the Tnmbudra river on the south, the Nizam's territory on the east, and the Syhadri range of mountains on the west. The latter are generally called the ghats, a term which, however, properly applies only to the passes leading through them.
The general face of this tract is much diversified, and affords a great variety of elevation and of geological structure, thereby materially affecting the distribution and the habitat of the different species of animals existing within its limits. The whole of the western portion is a thick forest, extending from the outskirts of the mountainous region of the ghats to their summits, and clothing, the valleys that extend between their different ridges. It abounds with the teak and various other lofty forest trees, festooned by enormous perennial creepers. The bamboo forms a thick and luxuriant underwood in some places. while others are entirely open, and the banks of many clear and rapid streams flowing through it abound with the black pepper plant, the wild cinnamon, and other odoriferous shrubs. Portions of this forest are often left entirely untouched by the axe or knife, forming a thick impervious shade for the growth of the black pepper, cardamom, and Mari palm (Caryota urens). These are called kans, and are favourite resorts of wild animals. To the east of the regular forest lies a tract called the Mulnad or rain-country (though the natives of the plains often include the jhari or forest under the same denomination), in which the trees de generate into large bushes, the bamboo almost entirely ceases, and cultivation, chiefly of rice, becomes much more frequent. The bushes con sist chiefly of the karunda, the pallas, etc. It abounds in tanks and artificial reservoirs for purposes of irrigation. East of the Mulnad is a great extent of alluvial plain, producing fine crops of wheat, cotton, maize, Holcus sorghum, Panicum Italicum, Cicer arietinum. And on the Nizam's frontier are found a succession of low dry hills with tabular summits, often rising in abrupt scarped precipices, and intersecting and traversing the plains in various directions. They are clothed with low thorny jungle of babul and other acacia ; and their bases, and the valleys between, composed of a light sandy soil, are cultivated with millet, vetches; etc., Panicum spicatum, P. miliare, Phaseolus max, Ph. mungo, etc. The first or mountainous division consists chiefly of micaceous clay and other schists, which to the northward are succeeded by basaltic or trap formation. The Mulnad is composed of undulat ing clayslate hills, which become covered with basalt to the north. This trap formation extends in a slanting direction from S.W. to N.E., nearly coinciding with a line drawn from Sadasheghur on the coast to Bijapur and Sholapur, and, what is remarkable, is almost coincident with that marking the separation of the two great tribes of the population using totally distinct languages, the 3Iahrattas and Canarese. The hills to the N.E. and E. are all of primitive sandstone, some ,,times resting on schists, sometimes immediately on granite, which latter is the rock nearest the surface in the central and eastern plains. But a well-defined range of bills to the S.W., called the Kupputgud, is entirely composed of micaceous.