The Gamboge butters are solid and of a deep leek-green colour. The G. pictoria grows abundantly in parts of Mysore and the western jungles. The oil is procured by pounding the seed in a stone mortar and boiling the mass until the butter or oil rises to the surface. 2i measures of seed yield one seer of butter, and it is sold at the rate of annas 1.4 per seer of rupees 24, in the Nuggur division of Mysore, and is there used as lamp-oil and as ghi.
Hibavania oil of Canara, solid, of a clove-brown colour.
Ilydnocarpus inebrians oil, the Tbortay oil of Canara, a very valuable vegetable solid oil, of the consist ence of ordinary bard salt butter, used for sores.
Mooragana butter, or solid oil of Canara, is used medi cinally as an ointment for the wounds of cattle injured by tigers. It is said to be produced from a forest tree growing in the Canara jungles. It is dark-brown, and is the most solid of the solid oils.
Butter of nutmeg, from Myristica moschata, from the Moluccas, is obtained by bruising the nutmegs into a paste, which is compressed in bags between hot metallic plates. A solid oil is from Myristica (Virola) sebifera, of British Guiana.
Ddul or Adul oil of Travancore, from Jatropha glauca, separates into two portions,—the upper, fluid, of the colour of golden sherry ; the lower, reddish white, of the consistence of ordinary hard salt butter. • Solid oil is obtained from the Demerara butter tree, Saonrari, Pckea tuberculosa.
Japan wax, from Rhin sueoetlaneum. Candles used in Japan are made of an oil said to be pressed from its seeds. This oil becomes, when concrete, of the consistence of tallow, and is not so hard as wax. The province of Fetsigo more particularly produces this tree. A vegetable wax is from Shanghai.
Shacotty oil of Canary is used for cutaneous eruptions. It separates into two portions ; tho upper, yellowish and fluid, and the lower, brownish-red, and of the consistence of ghi.
5fijo or Japan butter is from Soja hispida, Japan and China.
Sterculia fcetida oil, in Tamil Coodiray pusjun yennai, is thick at all seasons of the year.
Chinese vegetable butter from the Stillingia sebifera ; much in use in China. The number of these trees in the province of Chekiang is immense. In the eastern parts of China, the product of the tallow tree, Stillingia sebifera, and. in the south, beef and hogs' tallow, are used in the manufacture of candles. Wax is only employed to encase the tallow or lard, which, from the heat of the climate and its imclarified condition, never becomes hard.
Terminalia bcllerica oil separates into two portions,— the one fluid, of a pale olive-green colour, and the other white, floccular, and of tho consistence of ghi.
Butter of cacao, from Theobroma cacao ; 1000 parts of the seed yield 300 parts of a concrete oil or butter, of a most agreeable flavour.
Indian vegetable butter, Piney butter, or Doopada solid oil, is from the Vatcria Indica tree, which grows on the western coast of India, and in Canara. It is white or yellowish-white, of the consistence of hard salt butter, and in the shade remains always solid. It can be procured in quantities in Southern India. It is used for lamps principally, but is very suitable for soaps and candles. It is prepared by cleaning the seeds, then roasting and grinding them into a mass. In making it, to five seers of seed add twelve seers of water, and boil until the oil rises to the surface. Remove the oil, stir the contents of the vessel, and allow it to stand until the following day, when more oil will be observed on the surface, which may be collected, and the process repeated.
C. Wood Oils.
This class of oils is obtained for the most part from the Burmese coast and the Straits Settle ments. They are usually procured by tapping species of the noble order Dipterocarpeai, and applying heat to the cavity. The oil which flows from the wound is a mixture of a balsam and volatile oil, and when applied as a varnish to wood or other substance, the oil evaporating deposits a hard and durable coat of resin. They are chiefly used as natural varnishes, either alone or in com bination with coloured pigments, also as a substi tute for tar in paying the seams of shipping, and for preserving timber from the attacks of white ants. They are said also to be useful as an in gredient in lithographic inks.
Wood oil of Malacca is obtained from a large tree of the dipteraceous family, which is very common in the dense jungles of the Malay Peninsula, and grows to a great height. When not lopped too soon, the base of the trunk is of immense girth ; the wood is reddish-brown, and has a smell not unlike that of English fir ; the bark is smooth, the leaves alternate, pinnate, and exstipulate ; fruit a one-seeded drupe ; seed angular and ana tropaL The oil when permitted to remain at rest divides itself into two layers, the upper consisting of a clear chesnut-coloured liquid balsam, and the lower being in appearance like flakes of granulated sugar, and consisting probably of the surplus rosin deposited by the action of the atmosphere.