PANICACHLE, the grass tribe of plants, the Graminacem of Lindley, an exceedingly numerous order, comprising both land and water plants, but no marine ones. They occur in every soil, alone or along with other plants, and from the frigid zone to the tropics. Many tropical grasses are, like the bamboos, of considerable size, rising 50 or 60 feet high. It was estimated by Voigt that the grasses iu the EaSt Indies arc 1300 in number. The grasses at the foot of the Himalaya form a jungle sufficiently high to conceal the elephant and the rhinoceros, and, in ascending the Hima laya, species of plants are met with of the same genera as found in proceeding from the equator to the poles, and many of the pasture grasses of Europe form the grassy sward of the Himalaya. The temperature of the cold-weather months of the East Indies is the most favourable for the growth of the cereal grasses, and cattle arc fed on the green or dry stalks of the Paspalum sto loniferum ; Panicum miliaceum, helopus, miliare, Italicum, setigerutn, repel's, colonum ; Penicil laria spicata ; Sorghum vulgare, cernuum, sac charatum; Andropogou Martini; Rotbolla glabra; Ifordeum hexastichon ; Triticum mstivum.
' As a rule, however, the horses are fed on the creeping stems and leaves of the durba grass, Cynodon dactylon. The principal of the Pani cacem of Eastern and Southern Asia axe as under :— B. Panicese, Nees.
Paspalum stoloniferum, L., cultivated.
Hclopus annulatus, Nees, Bengal.
H. filiculmis, Nees, BengaL H. longifolius, Roxb., Sumatra.
H. longitlorea, Retz, Bengal.
Coridochloa crinicina, Nees, Peninsula of India. Hrochloa panicoidea, Beaur., Bengal.
Panicum Xgyptiacum, Bets, cultivated.
P. asperatum, KM., Sumatra.
P. acariferuin, Trim., Gamow, Khaseya.
P. costaturn, Barb., Mauritius. P. crus-corvi, Linn., Bengal.
1'. curvatum, Linn., Peninsula of India.
P. commutatum, Nees, Bengal.
1'. corymbosum, Boxb., Coromandel.
1'. filiforme, Roxb., China. P. flavidum, Retz, Bengal. P. tluitans, Retz, Bengal.
P. helopus, Trim., Bengal.
1'. hisindulum, Metz, Bengal. P. helvoluin, Linn., Bengal. P. Italicum, Linn., cultivated.
P. interruptum, Wilde., Bengal. 1'.jumentosum, Pers., Guinea gram.
P. lineare, Linn., China. P. miliaceoides, —? P. miliaceum, 1Yi11de., cultivated. P. miliaro, Lank, cultivated.
P. macrochmturn, —? Bengal. P. Nepalense, Spr., Nepal.
P. orthum, —? Bengal.
P. paludosum, Roxb., Bengal, Circars.
P. patens, Linn., Bengal. P. repeus, Roxb., Bengal.
P. Roshurgliii, Spreng, Bengal. P. aetigerum, Retz, Bengal.
P. serrulatum, Roxb., India.
P. sarmentosum, Roxb., Sumatra. P. sanguinale, Linn., cultivated. P. stagninum, Betz, Bengal.
P. trigonum, Betz, Bengal.
P. tomentosum, Boxb., Peninsula of India.
P. uliginosum, Roxb., Bengal.
P. verticillatum, cultivated. Setaria Germanica, Beetle. Oplismenus lanceolatus, KM., Bengal.
O. Burmanni, Rom. and Sch., Bengal.
O. colones, Kth., Bengal.
O. frumentaceus, Roxb., Bengal.
O. strictus, Schultz, Bengal. Stenotaphrum dimidiatum, W. and A., Pen. of India. Trachys muricata, Pers., Coromandel.
Penicillaria spicata, Wilde., cultivated.
P. involucrata, Schultz, Coromandel mountains. Pennisetum barbatum, Schultz, Moluccas.
P. holcoides, Schulz, mountains of India.
C. Saccharem, Nees.
Sorghum vulgare, Pers., cultivated. S. bicolor, Wilde., cultivated.
S. cernuum, Wilde., cultivated. S. saccharatum, Pers., cultivated.
Chrysopogon acicularia Hort., cultivated.
C. filiformis, —? Bengal.
Imperata cylindrica, cultivated.
Saccharum spontaneutn, Linn., Arabia, E. Indic* S. fuscum, Roxb., Bengal.
S. semidecumbens, Rozb., Bengal. S. officinarum, Linn., cultivated. S. Sinense, Roxb., cultivated, S. procerttrn, Roxb., Bengal. S. Sara, Roxb., Bengal.
S. munja, Roxb., Bengal.
S. canaliculatum, Roxb., Bengal. S. violaccum, Tussac, cultivated.
Batrathcrium lanceolatum, Schanz, Coromandel. Lipocercis serrate, Trim., Bengal.
lieteropogon contortus, Beaur., Peninsula of India. H. tenellus, Schultz, Bengal.