Kengala, Keinpu, red soil mixed with loam and vegetable mould.
Morallu or Molalu, sandy soil.
Kann, Murbu, stony end gravelly soil. Ma, Carla, white stiff loam.
masks, Mashu, Cabbou, garden Soudii, Choudu, salt ground.
The tops of the rising hummocks are usually very barren, producing nothing but a small jungle, chiefly compoaed of Dodomea viscosa, Convolvulus meatus, Erythroxylon areolatum and a thonty species of Barleria. The soil of the valleys ix a good and loamy mixture, in which rice and sugar cane are grown, the latter demanding the best soil, while the ric,e requires aii abundance of water. All other gmins in Mysore are grown mider the natuml rains.
Salem.—M itriate of lime is found in thc well water and the soil of the Bam Mahal or Salem district, also in Mysore and other parts of the Peninsula. The soil containing it rapidly absorbs moisture, is very fertile, and gardeners apply it to the roots of the egg plant. In Mysore it is found largely in the water from which salt is made.
The soda soils of the Bam Mahal or Salem dis trict are in patches, seldom more than half a mile square, and genemlly resting on a bed of kankar. The soil is sandy, and incapable of supporting vegetation, only a scanty scrubby grass growing on them. The natives call OW soil of these patches Chour mannu, and extract the soda to be used ai3 a flux of quartz in bangle-making ; and washermen dissolve it, add quicklime to it to make it caustic, and use it in washing clothes. The bangle-tnakers extract the iinpure soda by inixing the earth with water in a pot, and allowing it to settle. The solution is then drawn off, and evaporated by sprinkling it on cow-dung, spread on the surface of granite rock. When the cake has become about half an inch in thickness, it is taken off and broken into pieces, stored in houses under the name of Chour billah, and is sold at the mte of 17i rupees the ton. It contains 23 per cent. of insoluble tnatter. Soda soils of Bengal contain 15 per cent. of sulphate of soda.
The soil in the wide plains of the Ghooty district is largely the black cotton soil.
The Deklian soils, besides regur, are classed as Lal - Barad, red gravelly soil ; Pita - Barad, ye::aw soil ; and Mal-Barad, hilly and stony soil ; Mattiari-Barad, clayey soil.. In Dowlatabad, that prevailing, on the higher tracts is generally of a heavy rich aluminous character, but the soil on the plains is principally a light and fertile loani, in either case of no great depth, and resting upon a rocky substratum. These two soils are derivetl front the wearing away of the surface rocks, the basalt going to form the stiff dark soils, whilst the amygdaloid greenstone disintegrates into a friable earth. The two mixing, form rich loamy lauds. Such is the fertility of basaltic soils in general, that some tire said to bear wheat crop ping for thirty years in succession without a fallow.
The Mahabakshwar Dills have a cellular ferru ginous claystone as a surface roc_k, which disin tegrates into a red clay. The soil consists of this red clay intermixed with the debris of trap:rock, and in many places with a considerable portion of decayed vegetable 'natter, forming a very pro diictive brown mould.
Gujfrai is one extensive plain,. with many different soils. The prevailing varieties are the black cotton soil, and the light gorat, a grain producing soil. On the eastern side of the gulf, the black soil is chiefly confined to the collectorate of Broach and the few parganas of Surat which lie north of the Tapti. The light soil prevails throughout the state of Baroda, the collectorate of Kaira, and some of the northern parganas of Ahmadabad, becoming more and more mixed with sand as we proceed northward front the Mliye. The western and southern parganas of Ahumdabad, lying to the westward of the gulf, abound in black soil, as do many of the numerous valleys of Kattyawar.
Gujerat, in the open districts, where the black soil abounds and cotton is most raised, has no boundary trees or hedges between the villages ; the dividing. line always consists of a strip of uncultivated land vaiying iu width from 5 to 150 feet.