Another rotation for wheat is (2) to try for a crop of makra in the rains (always a...precarious crop), and when that is cut, to put in barley or peas for the spring.
In the two crop lands proper, i.e. the outlying and low-lying lands near a swamp or other abund a.nt water supply, rice (dhan) is grown every rains, and so soon as that is cut, barley and peas are sown, as a mixed or seprate crop at pleasure, if they can be irrigated ; or if they cannot be so, btit yet there still be sufficient moisture in the soil to warrant the seed being sown, grain or peas are put in, and occasionally a sprinkling of barley is thrown in with them.
In Sind the soil near the banks of the river is in many places of a loose sandy description, but where this does not form the principal charac teristic, it consists of a fine loamy rich clay, exceedingly fertile. Large tracts of land are, however, impregnated with nitre, Mid 11111 roars° valueleas fur agi ieultural purpoaes. The hilla in the bark-ground are of sandstone and limestone, in which fossils occur.
In the Paajob, the clasaification of laud is in two ways, viz. according to means of irrigation, and according to the nature of the soil. Even where tenna descriptive of soil are employed, every class of land may alsu be described it8 if it be watered by wells; abi, if by ponds; or eltalar, to be described hereafter ; sadabi, if by flood and inundation of rivers; pani mar, if damaged by drainage floods ; and barani, if dependent on rain.
The plaitt districts of the Panjab are sub divisions of doabs, i.e. tracts of country between two rivers. The natnes of the doabs are in all instances (excepting the first or Jalandhar Doab) the result of a rttde attempt to join the names of the rivers on each side into oue word. Thus, passing the Jalandhar Doab, between the Sutlej and the Betts, we come to the Bari Doab (Betts and Ravi). Then between the Ravi and Chenab, the Richnab Doab ; between the Jhelum and Chenah is the Jach Doab. The last dortb up to the Indus, takes its name front that river, and it i3 called Sind Sagrtr, the ocean of the Sind (Indus river). The Panjabi give the generic name Datium-i-koh or 1:andi to the luw hills that form the bases of the higher ranges, and in which such hill states as Kotahalt and others are situate.
In the hill districts, including both hills and intratuontane valleys, the best land is called bari; the second quality of land is called ekfasli ; the third quality is distinguished hy the name shaud. This is allowed to lie fallow for two harvests, anti is then cultivated only for the rabi. The fourtlt kind is math ; it is a good quality of land, and is retentive of moisture, and will, if manured, yield two harvests in the year ; the fifth kind is mei, that is, mixed with sand, or adjacent to thebed of a nullah or hill stream, shelah which has washed down quantities of sand.
In 'the Panjab, deposits of moist alluvium extending, along the bed of rivers, on which grow tamarisk (pilchi), sarkanda, and the inttnj (large grasses of the species Saccharum), are called bela. Land periodicAly inundated by the rise of the river is called bliet. It often has an efflorescence of reh or kalar (sulphate of soda), which renders it less productive.
Ditshahi or dosalti is the same as rolli, except that it has sotne sand in it. Misi, again, has more sand, so that the soil is half and half smd and clay.
Shor is a kind of barren land, which swells after rain, and yields reit an efflorescence which consists principally of sulphate of soda, and is fatal to the productiveness; of any soil.
In the Getfrautealla district, the great sub division of land is into high and low land, called utar, netar, the high lands being out of the reach of rivers, etc., the netar lands being on the banks, or otherwise subject to their influence. The netar lands are subdivided into bhet and dhaya, that is sailaba land subject to periodical inunda tion from the river, and land not so subject, respectively.
Rohl is the finest natural soil, a stiff loam which breaks up into large clods.
Doshalli is the dumat of Hindustan, a clayey soil, generally of good quality, immured by cattle being folded on it. 'When immured, it grows cotton, fine wheat, barley, jowar, inakai, int Ions, etc.