The guz in the 3fadras Presidency is front 26 t 39 inches. It is, however, very much super seded by the English yard measure. In the districts of 3fatium and Tinnevelly, tho tutcha kale or artificer's stick is 33 English inches.
In the south of India the guz is subdivided into 24 ungulum, each of which, taking the Tan jore guz of 33} inches, is 1/4a of an English inch. Ile term ungulum in Tamil signifies tho thumb, and in the above measure it is the distance from the thumb joint to the tip of tho nail. This ungulum is considered equal to 2 virrul kuddei, or finger-tip breadths.
The term ungulum in, however, sometimes used to mean a thumb-breadth, and is then the same as the virrul kuddei or finger-breadth or digit, or the 24th part of a cubit (about .82 inch), according to the following table:— 4 finger-breadths = 1 palm. 12 finger-breadths = 1 span. 24 finger-breadths = 1 cubit. 4 cubits = 1 fathom.
tuteha-mulum or artificer's cubit (double) of Trichinopoly is 33 incites, or the mine us the Tinnevelly tutcha-kole, and is subdivided into 24 u ngulum.
The Lam, translated fathom, in Salem and Cohn baton) averages feet 4} inches, and in Guntur 6 feet 6180 inches. It is genemily, but not always, subdivided into 4 cubits. The bam or fathom is also used by native seamen on the lead line.
For distances of greater length, there is no defined measure in Southern India. A nali-vulli in Tamil is denied from Vulli, a road or way, and Nali, a period of time, which is the GOth part of the 24 hours, or 24 English minutes, generally known as an 'Indian hour.' The distance that is usually walked in this time is called a nail vulli, and is about English miles or somewhat less. Seven nali-vulli make a kadum of about 10 miles.
The cos is generally considered 2 English miles, but, according to Colebroke, as follows:— 4 cubits = 1 danda or staff.
2000 danda. = 1 cos.
Taking the cubit at 19i inches, the cos would be 2.46 miles.
Haeh, in the linear systems of India, is the cubit or human forearrn ; and in oriental countries, as well as in the west, this unit is divided into two spans and 24 finger-breadths. Under tho Ilindu princes, the hat'h (in Sanskrit, hasta) was equal to two vitesti or spans, and to 24 tuagul (angula). The angul, finger, is divided
into 8 jau (Sanskrit, yava) or barley-corns. 4 hat'h or cubits = 1 danda or staff ; 2000 danda make 1 krosa or cos, which by this estimation should be 4000 yards English, or 2f miles. The Lilavati states that 10 hat'h make one bans or bamboo, and 20 bans in length and breadth = 1 nirang,a of arable land. Natives of India, in speaking of the hat% or cubit, allude to the natural human measure of 18 inches, more or less, and it is practically used in measuring off cloths, ribbons, etc., and in taking the draught of water of a boat. In many places, also, in Beng,a1 and in Southern India, the English cubit has been adopted as of the sauna value as the native measure.
In Burma, the people seemingly use a lineal measure of this name, consisting of the natural cubit plus a hand-breadth, which would be about 20 inches. The popular cubit iu Birbhum is 15; incites in length ; the Revenue Survey em ployed a cubit of 18,t iuches. In the lloogly district, the cubit varies from 18 to 19f inches ; at Sarum, 24 inches ; while in Broach, Kaim, and Vijydrug it is respectively 19.2, 19'4, and 19'58 inches.
Jureeb, l'Ens., is a measuriug chain or rope. Before Akbar's time it was a rope, but he directed it should be made of bamboo with iron joints, ns the ropo was subject to tho influence of the weather. European surveyors use a chain. A jurceb contains 60 guz or 20 gant'ha, and, in the standanl measurement of the upper provinces of India, is equal to 5 chains of 11 yards, each chain being equal to 4 gant'ha. A square of one jureeb is a bigha. Till the new system of survey was eatablished, it was usual to measure land.s paying revenue to Government with only 18 knots of the jureeb, which was effected by bringing two knots over tho shoulder of the measurer to his waist. Rent - free laud was measured with the entire jurecb of 20 knots. A jureeb in Hebrew and Arabic signified origin ality only a measure of rapacity, equal to 4 qufeez, or 384 mud (Latin, modius), and in course of time came to signify the portion of land which required as much to sow it as a jureeb would contain. The pat'ha and"nalee of Garhwal and Katnaon have a, similar origin.