China money.—From 1874 to 1882 the tael ranged in value front 5s. Oid. in 1878 to 5s. 9}d. in 1880.
Hong-Kong.—Measure of Length. 1 ch'eung = 141 English inches. 1 covid. or ohek = 14/1/4 English inches. 1 tsun = 11 English inches.
10 fan = 1 tsun.
10 lip = 1 fan.
Archipelago.—The weights and measures of the Malays, with their denominations, have not only extended over the whole Malay Archipelago, but are also prevalent in the Philippines. The original measures of the Malays and Javanese were evidently by capacity (takar), and not ky weight, for which there aro no words in their language except such as signify heaviness or balance. The lowest denomination for a measure of capacity among the Malays goes under the name of chupak, most probably taken from the shell of the cocoanut or the joint of the bamboo. Of this, 4 make a gantang, and 800 of the last koyan. The measures of length aro taken from the members or parts of the human body, as finger-length, span, foot, pace, fathom, with the length from the foot of ono side to the tip of the outstretched hand on the opposite one. Javanese, in reference to their irrigated land, have for the largest measure a jong, which literally signifies a ship, and this divided into halves called kikil, or a leg, and into fourths called ban, which means a shoulder. Another admeasurement of land goes under the name of the chacha, of which gawe-ning-wong is the synonym, the first word signifying cotmt or census, and the last a man's work, that is, the quantity of irrigated land that a family of peasantry can till. This last term is of the same
nature as the English plough of land. The Chinese have introduced their own well-defined weights, although under native names. Thus we have the tael or weight of 23 drams avoirdupois, the catty consisting of 16 tael, and the pikul, which literally signifies a man's load or burden, com posed of 100 catties, or 1831 lbs. avoirdupois.
10 cash = 1 kandarin. 16 tael = 1 catty.
10 kandarin= 1 mace. 100 catties = 1 pikal.
10 maco = 1 tael.
Labuan.—Commercial Weights.
10 kandarin = 1 mace ; 10 mace = 1 tael ; 16 tael = 1 catty.
100 Zatties = 1 pikul; 40 piktil = 1 koyan.
—Bayley's Madras Land 31easures, 1856; Bay ley's Suggestions, 1858 ; Bridynell's Ind. Imp. Tables, 1871 ; Craufitrd's Diet p. 446 ; Prinsep's Tables, pp. 61, 62; Kelly's Cambist ; Jerris' 31etrology ; 3Ir. II. Bayley in No. 4 Nem Series of 31adras Journal of Science for July to September 1857 ; Do. do. on the Land Measures of the Madras Presidency ; Gover, W. and M., 1865 ; India Governments' Records ; Jervis, IV. and 31., 1826; 11Bilkr, Ind. Tabs., 1836, Statistical Abstract, Weights and Measures ; Woolhouse, 1V. and M., 1858.