II. The DECAN. 1. Aurungabad, between the 18th and 21st degrees of latitude, is bounded on the west by the sea ; on the east by Berar and Hyderabad ; on the north by Berar, Khandeish, and Guzerat ; and on the south by Bejapoor and Beeler. Its length is about 300 miles, and its average breadth 160. Bombay and Salsette belong to the British. Of the mainland, the Paishwah and his feu datories possess nearly three fourths; and the other fourth belongs to the Nizam. The principal towns are Aurunga bad, Ahmednagur, Bassein, Daman!), and Dowletabad. 2. Khandeish, between the 21st and 23d degrees of latitude, is bounded on the north by Malwah ; on the south by Au rungabad and Berar ; on the cast by Berar; and on the west by Guzerat. Its length is about 200 miles, and its average breadth 90. The Paishwah, Holkar, and Scindiah, possess the %%hole uI this province ; the greatest part be longing to Holkar, and the least to the Paishwah. The principal towns are. Boorhanpoor, Hindia, and Assecr. It is full of strung fortresses. 3. Beder, between the 16th ,oid 13th degrees of latitude, is bounded on the north by 1nrungabad and Nandere ; on the south by the Kristhnah; Ai the west by Bejapoor ; and on the east by Hyderabad. Its length is 140, and its breadth averages 65 miles. It is wholly possessed by the Nizam. Its principal town is Ahmedabad, built near the ruins of the ancient city of Be der. 4. Hyderabad, between the 16th and 19th degrees of latitude, is bounded on the south by the Kristhnah ; on the north by the Godavery ; on the west by Beeler and Au rungabttd ; and on the cast by Gundwana. Its length is 180, and its average breadth 150 miles. it belongs en tirely to the Nizam. The principal towns are, Hyderabad, the capital of the Nizam's territories, Golconda!), Waran gol, &c. 5. Nandere. This small province, lying in about the 19th degree of latitude, is bounded on the north by Berar; on the the south by Hyderabad and Berle'. ; on the vest by Aurungabad ; and on the cast by Gondwana. It belongs entirely to the Nizam. The principal towns are, Nandere, Candhar, Balcundah, &c. 6. The Northern Cir cars, a narrow slip of maritime country, extending from the I ith to the 20th degree of latitude, is bounded on the cast by the sea ; it is divided from Hyderabad on the west, by a ridge of small detached hills ; from Berar, on the notth, by another ridge of a much greater height, and nearly impassable ; and from Orissa on the north-east by the same hills, and the Chilka lake ; the river Gundczama divides it, on the south, from the Carnatic Payengliaut. The length of this province is about 470 miles, and its breadth varies from 50 to 70 miles. In the year 1765, four of the circars were ceded to the British ; and in 1788, the remaining circa'. came into their possession. The principal towns are, Ganjam, Visagapatam, Masolipatam, and Guntoor. 7. Berar, between the 19th and 22d degree of latitude, is bounded on the south by Nandere, which is frequently included in it ; on the not th by Khandeish and Allahabad ; on the cast by Gundwana ; and on the west by Khandeish and Aurungabad. If Nanderc be considered as part of it, its length will be 230 miles : its average breadth is 120. Three fourths of it belong to the Nizam, and the remainder to the \lahrattas. The principal towns are, Ellichpoor, GaweIghur, Poonar, &c. 8. Gundwana, lying between the 19th and 25th degrees of latitude, is bounded on the north by Allahabad and Bahar ; on the south by Orissa and the Godavery ; on the east by Orissa, Bengal, and Bahar ; and the west by Malwah, Berar, and Allaha bad. It is 400 miles long, and 280 miles in average breadth. The fertile districts of this province are held by the Nag poor Alahrattas ; the mountainous and barren parts are still in the possession of the native inhabitants, called Goands. The pi incipal towns are, Nagpoor, Gurrah, &c. 9. Oris sa, lying between the 16th and 23d degrees of latitude, is bounded on the north by Bengal and Bahar ; on the south by the Godavery and the Circars ; on the east by the Bay of Bengal ; and on the west by Gondwana. Its length is about 530 miles, its average breadth not exceeding 90 miles. Three-fourths of Orissa belong to the British ; the rest is possessed by several native chiefs, over whom the Nagpoor Mahrattas claim the sovereignty. 10. The greatest part of the province of Bejapoor lies to the north of the Kristhnah, and conseqoeittly may justly be consi dered as a province of the Dccan. It stretches from the to the 19th degree of latitude. It is bounded on the south by the Toombuddra, a branch of the Kristhnah, and North Canara ; on the north by Aurungahad ; on the east by Aurungabad and Beeler ; and on the west by the sea. Its length is about 350 miles, and its average breadth 200. Four-fifths of this province belong to the Poonah Mahrat tas ; and of this part the Paishwah possesses in full sove reignty little more than the maritime district of Concan. The Nizam possesses the remaining fifth. The principal
towns are, Poonah, Bejapoor, Darwar, Mirjee, &c.
Ill. The SOUTH OF IND1.1.—Bejap001', a small part of which lies in the grand division of India, has been already described. 1. The ceded districts comprehend the country lying to the south of the Toombuddra and Kristhnah rivers, which was ceded by Tippoo, in the years 1792, ar.d 1729 ; at that time assigned by the British to the Nizam ; and af terwards, in 1800, given up by the Nizam to the British. The greater part of these disti lets consists of Table laud, or that country which lies above the Gbauts, called Balaghaut; and besides this, it comprises those portions of Punganoor and Goodiput, which, by the treaty of Mysore, were re served for the Paishwah ; but which, in consequence of his not complying with the conditions that were stipulated, were occupied by the British. The exact extent of the ceded districts has not been accurately ascertained, but they are supposed to contain an area of about 27,000 square miles. The principal towns are, Cudapah and Bal harry. 2. The Carnatic extends from the 8th to the 16th degree of latitude. It is bounded on the north by the river Gundezamor, which separates it from the northern Cir cars ; on the south, it stretches as far as Cape Comorin ; on the east, it is bounded by the sea ; and on the west by the Ghauts. Its length is about 500 miles; its breadth varies much, but may average about 75 miles. The Carnatic is divided into three parts, the northern, central, and southern. • The first is bounded on the north by the Gundezama, and on the south by the river Pennar ; the centre extends from the Pennar to the Coleroon; and the southern from the Coleroon to Cape Comorin— The whole of this territory belongs to the British. The principal towns in the northern Carnatic are, Ongole and Samgaum ; in the central, Mad ras, Pondicherry, Arcot, Velluie, Pulicat, and Cuddalore ; and in the southern, Tanjore, Trichinopoly, Madura, Tranqucbar, Negapatam, and Tinnevelly. 3. Mysore, be tween the I lth and 25th degrees of latitude, is surrounded by the British territories under the Madras presidency, the whole of the country being inclosed by the eastern and western Ghauts. It is about 210 miles lung, by an ave rage breadth of 140 miles. The whole of the Mysore, with the exception of a small district, allotted, by the treaty of Seringapatam, to the family of the Rajah, is pos sessed in full sovereignty by the British. The principal town is Seringapatain. 4. Canara is bounded on the east by Mysore, and the ceded districts ; on the west by the sea; on the north by the province of Bejapoor ; and on the south by the province of Malabar. Its length is about 200 miles, and its average breadth about 35. It is divided into two parts, North and South Canara. The former lies between the 13th and 15th degrees of latitude ; its principal towns are, Battecola, Carwar,and Ongore. South Canara stretches from the 13th to the 12th degree of latitude ; its chief towns are, Barcelore, Alangaloye, and Callianpore. The whole of Canara belongs to the British. 5. The province of Malabar is a particular part of the coast of Malabar to which this name is appropriated. It is situated between the 10th and 13th degrees of latitude. On the north it is 'bounded by the province of Canara ; on the south by Co chin ; on the east by the Ghauts ; and on the west by the sea. Its length is about 155 miles, and its average breadth about 35. The whole of the province belongs to the British. The principal towns are, Calicut, Tellicherry, and Panianv. 6. Baramahal, situated between the 12th and 14th degrees of latitude, and bounded on the west by the Ghauts, and on the east, by the sea, belongs entirely to the British. 7. Coimbetoor is bounded on the not th by Mysore ; on the south by Dindigul ; on the east by Salem and Kistnagerry ; and on the west by the province of Ma labar. It lies entirely above the Ghauts. It belongs entirely to the British. The principal town is Coimbetoor. 8. Dindi gul lies between the 10th and Ilth degrees of latitude; and is bounded on the north by Coimbctoor and Kistnagerry; on the south by Travancore and Madura; on the east by the southern Carnatic and .Madura; and on the west by Travancore, Co chin, and Malabar. It belongs entirely to the British. The principal towns arc, Dindigul, Balmy, and Palapetty. 9. Cochin is a very small province, bounded on the north by Malabar ; on the south by Travancore ; on the east by Dindigul ; and on th'e west by the sea. The Rajah of Co shin is tributary to the British. The principal town is Co chin. 10. Travancore is bounded on the south and the west by the sea ; on the north by Cochin ; and on the cast by the Tinnevelly district of the southern Carnatic. It lies between the 8th and 10th degrees of latitude. Its length is about 140 miles, and its breadth about 40. The Rajah of Travancore is subject to the British. The prin cipal towns ate, Anjengo, Coutan, and Travancore.