The only temple at Corinth of which there are any re mains, is of the Doric order, evidently before the age of Pericles. It is built of a rough stone. The height of the column, including the capital, is 23 feet 8; inches ; the diameter 5 feet 7 inches. The shafts have each been of one stone ; they begin to diminish from the bottom. They have 20 flutes, which terminate under the listil of the cup ; they are segments of circles. The height of the architrave, including the bands over the drops, is 4 feet 9+ inches. The guttze are round and detached from the architrave ; there are six drops under the triglyphs.
From Dr Chandler we learn, that the temple of Ceres at Elcusis, was erected under the direction of Pericles, from a plan of Ictinus, one of the architects of the Par thenon. It was situated at the east end, and under the brow of a hill, and was encompassed by the fortress. The length, including the pronaus or portico, was 216 feet ; the breadth of the cell about 150. The temple was originally in antis, or without exterior columns. Under Demetrius the Phalerian, the celebrated architect Philo added a magnificent portico, the outer row of which con sisted of ten, and the inner row, between the anti, of eight Doric columns. They were 6 feet 6 inches in dia meter, and fluted, commencing six inches from the bot tom of the shaft. From the inside of the column to the tact: of the wall, the pronaus was 42 feet 6 inches deep, and about 140 feet in width. The columns on the pave. ment within, and their capitals, were by Comtius. Me. tagenes of Xypate added the architraves on the upper pillars, which sustained the roof. It is said that another person completed the edifice. The peribolus, or enclo sure which encompassed the north-east and south sides, was 387 feet from north to south, and 328 from east to west. On the west side it joined the angles of the tem ple. Between the west wall of the enclosure and the temple, and the wall of the citadel, was a passage 42 feet 6 inches wide, which led to the summit of a high rock. At the north-west angle of the enclosure are the traces of a temple in antis 74 feet 6 inches long, and 54 wide, pro bably sacred to Triptolemus. North of the enclosure are marble fragments of the Doric and Ionic orders, thought to be the remains of the temples of Diana Pro pylea, of Neptune, and of the Propyleum, or gateway.
The temple of Jupiter Olympus, at Olympia in Elis, from a design of the architect Libon, was of the Doric order, 231 feet long, 96 broad, and 68 high. On one
pediment, Oenomans and Peleus were disputing the prize of the race in the presence of Jupiter ; on the other was the battle of the Centaurs and Lapithx. On the summit of each pediment was a Victory of gilt brass; and at each angle a large vase of the same metal. The labours of Hercules decorated the gates in the Doric temple of Jupiter Olympus at Girgenti, the ancient Agrigentum, which were more than 12 feet diameter. Those of Sile nus, now remaining, are ten feet.
The celebrated temple of Diana at Ephesus, construct ed at the joint expense of all Asia, was of the Ionic or der, and designed by Ctesiphon the Cnosian, and his son Mctagenes, who wrote a treatise upon it. It was situat ed at the foot of a mountain and the head of a marsh, a place chosen, in Pliny's opinion, as least subject to earthquakes. In order to protect the site of the struc ture, drains were constructed to collect and convey the water along the skirts of the mountain. By the same author we learn, that, in order to render the foundations secure, they first laid a thick bed of charcoal well ram med, and upon that one of and that the quantity of stones employed in the foundations of the edifice and drains was such, as to require quarries so extensive as to be in after ages taken for a labyrinth. The temple was 425 feet in length, 220 in breadth, and 70 in height. It had a double row of Ionic columns along the flanks of the cell. In page 361 of Wren's Parantalia, are the follow ing observations respecting this structure. " The co lumns being sixty feet high, the diameter, according to rule, must be 6 feet 8 inches, that is, one-ninth part. Thus every column would contain 110 tons of marble, besides base and capital ; and the vast stones of the en tablature, but more especially of the middle intercolumn, which being wider than the rest, to open more way for the entrance, as usual in Greek temples, was about 22 feet, and could not bear its own weight, unless the archi trave and frieze were of one stone, which together would be above 150 tons; the setting of which (for it seems the architect despaired) was miraculously attributed to the goddess herself, as beyond the reach of human skill. Thirty-six of the columns were by the hands of Scopas, a famous statuary of the school of Praxiteles; and the outward walls of the cella were adorned with pictures about the time of Apelles." According to Pliny, 40a years were employed in constructing this temple.