Apart from all these edifices, on either side, the lodg ings for strangers were separated by passages, and were entered by distinct gates. They consisted of complete suits of apartments, with store-rooms furnished with pro visions; and here, after the first day's visit, they resided in a separate dwelling.
Of Roman Temples.
The Romans did not, like the Greeks, adhere to sim plicity in the form of their temples ; they, on the contra ry, deviated into every shape, even to complicated com binations of circles and triangles ; but as it would be as endless as useless to notice such frivolities, we shall only select a few of the best specimens, which were either of an oblong or circular form.
Of those, in which the outlines inclosed an oblong space, the great temple of Peace at Rome is the most noted example; and this was likewise the largest of the Roman temples. In our descriptions and dimensions of this, and also the other ancient remains at Rome, we shall be chiefly guided by Desgodetz, who seems to have hien at great pains in measuring and delineating, them accuracy.
This temple was begun by Claudius, and completed by Vespasian ; who, when he had subdued Judea, placed there the spoils of the Jewish temple. (See Plate CLXIV.) It was in length fifty-six fathoms, (536 French feet), and forty-three fathoms (253 French feet:. in breadth; at the entrance, there was a lobby or porch of the same breadth as the temple. This porch had file entrances, of which three led immediately into the great middle division or nave; the other two opened into the side divisions or aisles, which were not carried tip so high as the nave. The breadth of the nave was 77 feet 5 inches, and each side aisle 48 feet. The ceiling or roof of the nave was an immense groined vault, which rested upon eight Corinthian columns. The aisles had also vaults lengthwise, which were intersected by others, that covered the recesses or chapels which projected outward from their side walls. The middle recess of the aisles, as well as that at the end of the nave, were circular-like large niches, and nine fathoms wide. The recesses, which have not large niches, have two rows of arched windows in them, three in each row; there is also over each recess a large window, five fathoms broad. The soffits of all the vaults, and also the coverings of the niches, are ornamented with octagonal sunk pannels, formed with stucco. Excepting the entrance, which had a portico composed of columns and a pediment, all the outside was quite plain. We are informed by Desgodctz, that the only remaining column, (we suppose he means of the portico), was removed by Pope Paul V. ; it stands before the church of St Mary Major, supporting an image of the Virgin in bronze. It is of white marble, of the Corinthian order, 5 feet 84. inches (French) diameter at the bottom ; the shaft (of one piece) is 49 feet 3 inches high. The architrave and cornice are enriched ; the
frieze is plain.
Montfaucon says, that this temple was 340 feet long by 250 broad, that the portico was 240 feet long by SO broad ; that there were eight columns in front, each 8 feet 9 inches diameter. Serlio gives a plan with eight small columns, viz. two on each side of four niches ; and Laurus gives an elevation with only six columns ; so that there seems to be very little certainty as to the portico. Beside the Jewish temple, Egypt contributed to enrich this repository of spoils ; for within it was placed the celebrated groupe of black marble, representing the Nile and sixteen children, expressive of the sixteen cu bits rise of that river. In the time of Commodus the inside was burnt by an incendiary.
Though of much smaller dimensions, the square house at Nismes, and the temple of Fortuna Virilis at Rome, are more in the Greek manner, their general form being oblong without any breaks. The former was built by Hadrian; it is 74 feet long, and 41 in breadth ; thc por tico consists of six fluted Corinthian columns in front, and three in depth; on the flanks, counting those at the angles, there are eleven columns, but those opposite the sides and arricre end of the cell, are only semi-columns attached to the walls. The temple of Fortuna Virilis at Rome, (See Plate CLX1V.) is still smaller, being only 54 feet 81 inches in length from centre to centre of the angular columns, and 28 feet 8i inches in width. It has only four columns in breadth of portico, and two in depth ; and in the promos the two inner ones are omit ted ; and instead of the side walls being continued and finished with ante as in Greece, there are columns at tached to each of the external walls of the cells, which chew a semi-column both in front and flank ; along the flanks and arriere end of the cell are semi attached co lumns. The columns are beautiful Roman Ionic, fluted and raised upon a pedestal, which, including two steps on the top of it, also surround the edifice, is 10 feet 51 inches high. The columns, including the base and ca pital, are 25 feet 4,i inches high, and 2 feet 11 inches dia meter. The entablature is 6 feet 81 inches high, but has the parts ill proportioned; the 1 foot 4 inches, consists of a number of small plain mouldings ; the frieze is only 1 foot 10/ inches, and enriched; the cornice is 3 feet 5 inches, with a dentil band, and two other enriched members. The whole entablature has the appearance of a clumsy cornice, but being continued round the edifice without a break, preserves a great de gree of simplicity. The plinth and dado of the pedestal are plain, but the face of the walls between the columns is rusticated.