Classified in this manner, the human species presents the subdivision shown in the preceding °scheme.° The European Race.— Of the South Medi terranean branch of the European race there are given two divisions, the Hamitic and the Semitic. The former is divided into three groups, the Libyan, Egyptian and East African. The Libyan group extends over Northern Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Nile. Some of these tribes are very dark and have been termed (Black Caucasians' Neverthless, ex cept for color, they are fine representatives of the white race. The Egyptian group is repre sented by the ancient Egyptians and their de scendants, the modern Fellah of the Nile valley and the Copts. These two groups of this branch of the European race have been potent factors in the world's history. The development of the earliest seats of culture, the organization of government, and the establishment of high de grees of civilization have been the work of their representatives. On the contrary the East African group is represented by a number of tribes who are chiefly nomadic and occupy the territory south of the Egyptian group and ex tending from the Nile to the Indian Ocean. They include the Gallis, Somalis and Agaas.
The Semitic stocks are made up of three groups — the Arabian, Abyssinian and Chal &Tan. The most prominent of the first group are the Arabians; the existing tribes best known are the Ishmaelites and Bedouin. They have occupied at different times parts of the Arabian peninsula and now practically cover it all.
The Abyssinian group is supposed to have originated in the region last mentioned and to have been dispersed over Abyssinia and ad jacent parts of Africa. They have become mixed with adjoining tribes and a corrupt form of Christianity exists among them. The Abys sinians, Tigre and Amhara are prominent na tions. The former is best known.
The third group of Semitic peoples has been called the Chaldman. This includes the Syrians, Israelites, Samaritans, Babylonians and Jews. They also originated in Arabia and spread out into other lands. The Jew has become world wide in his dispersal. From these peoples great nations were developed and from them two great religious leaders, Jesus Christ and Mo hammed, have sprung.
The North Mediterranean branch is divided into three divisions. They are the Euskaric, Aryac and Caucasic stocks. The only surviving remnant of the Euskaric stock is the Basques of Spain. That they formerly were more widely distributed is generally believed. Their rela tionship with other peoples is not satisfactorily determined. The most extended and most im portant of these race stocks is the Aryac. The origin of the Aryans has been a fruitful theme of discussion in recent years. While there is still a difference of opinion on this subject, the majority of writers have accepted the theory of their European origin. The Aryac or Indo Germanic stock is divided by Brinton into eight groups: Celtic, Italic, Illyric, Hellenic, Lettic, Teutonic, Slavonic and Indo-Iranic groups.
The Lettic or Lithuanian peoples, while comparatively inconspicuous, are in some re spects the most interesting of their fellows. They are thought by some students to be the remnant of the original stock and that which most resembles it. They are located along the Baltic Sea in Prussia and Russia.
The Indo-Iranic group is of special interest because it has dm farthest eastern range and for the reason that it is nearest the region which those who believe in the Asiatic origin of the race think was its primitive home. The term Iranic is derived from the plateau of Iran, whic.h has been thought by some to be the area of dispersal of the race. The group divides into two divisions, the Iranic, whose old representatives were the Bactrians and Persians. To-day it includes the modern Persians, the Parsecs, generally known as fire-worshippers, and the tribes of Beluchistan, Afghanistan and neighboring regions. The Indic branch com prises the peoples occupying India. The most prominent of these are the Hindus, Rajpoots and Djats. The typical Brahmins probably are the best representatives of the stock.
The Teutonic group includes the Germans, English, Norwegians, Swedes and Danes, and their ancestors, the Goths, Vandals, Angles, Saxons, Norsemen. These independent, aggres sive, progressive races have been conspicuous in the history of the past and the activities of the present. They have spread throughout the world as missionaries of business, education or religion. They are the forces which operate in all progressive government, and are destined to sway the world.
East of these is the Slavonic group. It is represented to-day by the Russians, Poles, Czechs, Bulgarians, and other tribes of the Danube region. Of their ancestors known in history are the Scythians and Massagetm. The Slavonic tribes to the east, in one direction, came in contact with the Indo-Iranians and, in another, with some of the branches of the Mon golians. Within comparatively recent times some of them have made remarkable progress in civilization.
The Hellenic group comprised the ancient Greeks and their relatives. They occupied at an early date the peninsulas of Asia Minor, Greece, the southern part of Italy and con tiguous territory. The progress of Greek cul ture is familiar. Greek language, literature and art form the basis of education everywhere. Their dominion was one of the world's greatest confederacies. Overthrown by the Romans and subsequently by the Mohammedans, they were for generations hidden from the view of the progressive world. The Illyric stock is situated near the Greeks in Turkey. It is represented by the Albanians. The Italic stock covered most of the Italian Peninsula. The Umbrians, Etruscans, Oscans and Latins were the princi pal older representatives. They developed the Roman Empire, and in the organization and con duct of government and the framing of laws they achieved a front place in the history of the world.