25 The French Navy
25. The French Navy. Brief His Tory.— During The Few Years, The French Navy Has Undergone Some Rather Important Modifications, Both Before The War And After Ward. In Order To Make The Nature Of These Transformations Clearly Understood, It Would Perhaps Not He Out Of Place To Give A Short ...
252 Fireproof Construction
252 Fireproof Construction Features; In Large Retail Establishments Safety Of Life And Contents Are Both To Be Considered; In Nearly All Manufacturing Establishments Special Hazards Deserve Attention — Materials And Processes Which Are More Or Less Peculiar To The Special Industry. The Importance Of This Latter Factor Is Apparent From ...
26 French Colonies
26. French Colonies. General His Colonization Is One Of The Most Char Acteristic Forms Of Human Activity. It Was Only Logical That France, One Of The Foremost Coun Tries Imbued With A Sense Of Initiative And Enterprise, Many Of Its Citizens Having A Love Of Adventure, And Combining Harmoniously In ...
4 The Empire
4. The Empire. As The Fear Of Social Ism Helped To Found The Consulate In 1799, So The Royalist Plot Of 1804 Precipitated The Foun Dation Of The Empire. Much As France Ab Horred The Execution Of The Duc D'enghein, She Was Still More Aghast At The Prospect Of The ...
5 French History Since
5. French History Since 1815. With The Year 1815 (fall Of Napoleon, Restora Tion Of The Old Monarchy), Opens A New Era In The History Of France. It May Be Said That From That Date Up To 1870 All Important Events, In Spite Of Their Inevitable Reaction, Led Gradually To ...
6 The French Government
6. The French Government. I. Constitutional Strictly Speaking, The Political Regime Of France Cannot Be Defined As A Constitution But As Three Separate Laws, Called Constitutional Or Organic, Voted In 1875 And Amended By Two Other Laws, One In 1879 And The Other In 1884. Strange As It May Seem, ...
9 Socialism In France
9. Socialism In France During The War. When The Great War Broke Out, The General Elections Had Just Taken Place In France. The Organized Socialists Obtained 1,200, 000 Votes (132 Per 1,000), And Sent 106 Deputies To The Chamber. The Republican Socialists Had 23, The Independent Socialists About A Dozen, ...
Agricultural Industries
Agricultural Industries. The Most Important Of French Agricultural Industries Is The Manufacture Of Wines, For Which France Has A World-wide Reputation. The Departments Of Gironde, Cote D'or, Marne, Drome, Savoie And Loire Yield The Most Noted Vintages, As Well As The Most Abundant; But Fine Grapes Are Also Grown In ...
Before The War
Before The War. Recruiting, General Effective', Budget.— The Law Of 7 Aug. 1913, Called Uthe Three Years Service Bill') Ratified The Principle Of Obligatory And Equal Service For All French Citizens. Serv Ice Is Contracted For 28 Years, Viz. Three Years With The Active Army (this Time Is All Passed ...
Bread And Bread Making
Bread And Bread Making. As A Conservation Measure During The War With Germany, The United States Food Admin Istration Requested That 100 Pounds Of Standard Wheat Should Be Milled So As To Produce Not Less Than 74% Pounds Of Flour; The Residue, About 25 Pounds, Consisted Of Wheat By Products, ...
Chart Method
Chart Method.--.. A Method For Computing Theweight Required For Holding Down The Cope And Core Against The Raising Effort Of The Head Of Flowing Metal. It Consists In Drawing To Scale The Outline Of The Form And Size Of The Lifting Surface, And The Height Of The Fluid Head, And ...
Contemporary French Law
Contemporary French Law Civil It Is From The Civil Code That Contemporary French Law Really Dates. Its Ap Plication Was Of An International Character In Asmuch As The Example Set By France Was Fol Lowed In Principle By Many Other Countries, And In Belgium To-day The Bonaparte Code Forms The ...
Court House
Court-house). Farmville, On The South Bank Of The Appomattox, 70 Miles Southwest Of Richmond, Is Noted As The Place Where General Grant Opened His Correspondence With General Lee Which Led To The Surrender At Appomattox After The Battle Of Five Forks (1 April 1865) And The Successful Assault On The ...
Culinary Flax
Culinary. Flax (linum Usitatissimum). The Use Of Flax Has A Greater Antiquity Than Any Other Com Mercial Fibre. It Was Cultivated And Manufac Tured By The Swiss Lake Dwellers In The Stone Age In Europe, Well Preserved Specimens Of Straw, Fibre, Yarn And Cloth Being Preserved In The Museums. Our ...
Diplomatic Rela Tions Of
27. France, Diplomatic Rela Tions Of The United States With. Before 1763, France Had Plans Of Oc Cupation Which ((held North America By Its Two Ends" And Threatened To Restrict The English Colonists In America Who Actively Participated In The Struggle For The Ohio Valley For Canada. In 1763, When ...
Domestic Industries
Domestic Industries. Although Domestic Industries Are Very Promi Nt In France, It Is Difficult To Locate Them Be Use In So Many Places They Are Annexed To E Great Industries. For Example, In The Tex E Industries A Certain Number Of Localities, Ch As The Environs Of Lille And The ...
Drawing Of
Drawing Of The Heating Of Steel To Redness And Then Allowing It To Cool Slowly In The Air. The Reverse Of Hardening " And " Tempering ." Drop The Method Of Forging Iron By Driving Or Pressing It Into A Die Placed Under A Drop Hammer. It Is Employed When ...
Falstaff
Falstaff, A Lyric Comedy In Three Acts, By Giuseppe Verdi (libretto By Arrigo Boito, Based On Shakespeare's 4 Merry Wives Of Wind Sor)), First Produced At Milan 9 Feb. 1893. While It Is Popularly Assumed That The Last Work Of A Creative Artist Is The Greatest, This Is By No ...
Family Law
Family Law. Speaking Of The Superi Ority Of The Historic Method Of Investigation Over The Prevalent Modes Of Inquiring Into Juristic Facts, Sir Henry Maine Remarked The Persist Ency Of Social Institutions, Saying, That To This Day "we Are In The Midst Of Legal Notions, Which Are Nothing More Than ...
Famine
Famine, A Dire Want Of Food Affecting Considerable Numbers Of People At The Same Time. Irregular Rainfalls In Tropical Climates, Imperfect Methods Of Irrigation, Or The Too Ex Clusive Dependence Of The Mass Of The People On A Single Article Of Food Which Happens To Fail, Are Among The Commonest ...
Fanning
Fanning, John Thomas, American Civil And Hydraulic Engineer: B. Norwich, Conn., 31 Dec. 1837; D. 1911. He Was Educated In Public And Normal Schools, Studied Engineering And Architecture, And Had Begun To Practise Engi Neering In His Native Town When The Civil War Broke Out. He Enlisted And Attained The ...
Fans
Fans, Instruments For Producing An Agi Tation Of The Air And Consisting Of An Extended Flat Surface, Generally Semi-circular In Outline. As Hand Implements For Cooling The Air They Have Long Been Articles Of Luxury. Early Egyptian Paintings Prove Familiarity With Its Use In A Remote Period. From A Passage ...
Fantan
Fantan, A Chinese Form Of Gambling. It Is Simple In Form And Rule. A Square Is Marked In The Centre Of A Table, Or A Square Of Metal Or Wood Is Laid On It, The Sides Of Which Are Marked 1, 2, 3, 4. The Croupier Now Places On The ...
Fanti
Fanti, Fan'te, Manfredo, Italian Military Leader: B. Carpi, 1806; D. Florence, 5 April 1865. He Received His Education At The Military School Of Modena And, Becoming Implicated In The Menotti Insurrection, He Was Condemned To Death And Hanged In Effigy In 1831. He Escaped To France And There Joined A ...
Far Eastern Question
Far Eastern Question. The Plex Problems Involved In The Rise Of Japan And The Awakening Of China And Their Relations To The Great European And American Powers Are Known In International Politics As The Far East Ern Question. The Term Came Into General Use In The Second Half Of The ...
Far From The Madding
Far From The Madding Crowd. Published In 1874, This Novel Has Ever Since Been Ranked Among The Greatest Of Thomas Hardy's Works. Although It Possesses Rather Less Tragic Intensity Than The Return Of The Native,' It Is On The Whole A Better-balanced Book. And It Is Not Without Tragic Power. ...
Faraday
Faraday, Michael, English Scientist: B. Newington Butts, England, 22 Sept. 1791; D. Hampton Court, 25 Aug. 1867. He Received Little Or No Education And Was Apprenticed To The Trade Of A Bookbinder. During His Term Of Apprenticeship, A Few Scientific Works Fell Into His Hands, Which He Read With Avidity, ...
Faradays Laws
Faraday's Laws. The Two Laws Of Electrochemical Change Laid Down By Faraday About 1835, And Known By His Name, Are Two Of The Most Fundamental Statements In Natural Science. Faraday's First Law Specifies That The Amount Of Chemical Action Produced By An Electric Current In An Electrolysis Is Directly Proportional ...
Farce
Farce (ital. Farsa, From Lat. Farcire, "to Stufp), A Dramatic Piece Of A Broad Comic Char Acter. The Difference Between It And Comedy Proper Is One Of Degree And Not Of Kind. The Aim Of Both Is To Excite Mirth ; But, While The Latter Does So By A Comparatively ...
Fari5e
Fari5e, F'a'ro, Or Faroer Islands (that Is A Group Of Islands In The Northern Ocean, Lying Between Lat. 61° 25' And 62° 25' N., About 280 Miles Southeast Of Iceland And About 190 Miles Northwest Of The Shetland Islands; Area 540 Square Miles. They Belong To Denmark, And Consist Of ...
Farley
Farley, John Murphy, American Roman Catholic Prelate: B. Newton-hamilton, County. Of Armagh, Ireland, 20 April 1842; D. Mamaro Neck, N. Y., 17 Sept. 1918. He Began His Classical Studies In Saint Maccarten's College, Ireland, And Completed His Course In Saint John's College, Fordham. He Continued His Studies For The Priesthood ...
Farm
Farm, A Tract Of Land Devoted To Agricul Ture, Under The Management Of Owner Or Tenant. The Size Of Farms And Their Tenure Differ Very Much In Different Countries. On The Continent Of Europe, Where Peasant Proprietaries, Cultiva Tion By The Metayer System (q.v.), And Mixed Tenures Prevail, Farms Are ...
Farm Crops
Farm Crops. Definition.— Broadly Speaking, The Term Farm Crops May Be Applied Collectively To Any Plant Grown In Appreciable Quantity On Farms. Commonly, And For Practi Cal Purposes, However, It Is Understood To Ex Clude The Products Of Specialized Lines Of Agri Culture, Such As Fruits, Vegetables And Flowers (which ...
Farm Machinery
Farm Machinery. The Function Of Farm Machinery Is To Enable The Farmer To Produce Not Only Larger Crops But Better Crops Than He Can With Only His Simple Hand Tools. In Fact, Without The Aid Of Such Machinery The Farmer Of The Present Day Finds It Difficult To Earn More ...
Farm Management
Farm Management. Farm Manage Ment May Be Defined As The Science Of The Organization And Management Of A Farm For The Purpose Of Securing The Greatest Continuous Profit. Many Farmers Have Learned The Art Of Farm Management Without Clearly Understand Ing The Principles Involved; Just As A Farmer May Get ...
Farm Power
Farm Power. Aside From The Labor Of Man And The Domestic Animals On The Farm, The Sources Of Power Available To The Farmer Are The Natural Forces Of Wind And Falling Water, And The Mechanical Power Generated By Engines Through The Combustion Of Some Kind Of Fuel. The Power Afforded ...
Farm And Farm Problems
Farm And Farm Problems. A "farm" Is, Both In The Usage Of The United States Census And Of Popular Speech, The Generic Name For Any Agricultural Plot. All Separate Tracts Of Land, Regardless Of Size, Products Or Income Derived Therefrom, Which Require For Their Management The Services Of At Least ...
Farmers Alliance
Farmers' Alliance, A National Or Ganization For Improving Agricultural Conditions, Advancing Social Life, Securing Favorable Legisla Tion, Etc.; At First Non-political, Then Political, Then Nonpolitical Again. Originating As A State Body In Texas About 1876, It Coalesced In 1887 With Similar State Bodies Into A National One; And In 1889 ...
Farmers Institutes
Farmers' Institutes, Gatherings Of Farmers Held Annually In The Various States, Sometimes Under The Direct Management Of The Agricultural Colleges And Sometimes Controlled By Other State Officers. The Object Of These Institutes Is In Great Part The Bringing Together Of The Workers In Agricultural Science And The Practical Farmers, For ...
Farmers Move Ment
Farmers' Move Ment, A World-wide Phase Of Propaganda Actively Carried On In Agricultural Districts To Secure Efficient Co-ordination And Co-operation Among Farmers, So That The Best Results May Be Obtained In The Harvesting Of Crops And Food Supplies. In The United States The Movement Is Fostered By The State Department ...
Farnese
Farnese, The Name Of A Princely Family Of Italy, Whose Origin Dates From The Middle Of The 13th Century. At That Time It Possessed The Castle Of Farneto, Near Orvieto. Pope Paul Iii (alessandro Farnese) Instituted The Duchy Of Parma And Piacenza In Favor Of His Natural Son, Peter Louis ...
Farquhar
Farquhar, Far'kwar, George, Irish Dramatist : B. Londonderry 1678; D. April 1707. The Son Of A Clergyman And Himself Intended For The Church, He Was A Student At Trinity College, Dublin, Hut Became An Actor, And By Accident Having Stabbed A Fellow-player During A Performance, Gave Up Acting For Good. ...
Farragut
Farragut, David Glasgow, American Naval Officer: B. Campbell's Station, Tenn., 5 July 1801; D. Portsmouth, N. H., 14 Aug. 1870. His Mother, Elizabeth Shine, Sprang From The Scottish Family Of Maciver. His Father, George Farragut, Was Born On The Island Of Minorca In 1755. He Was Descended From An Ancient ...
Farrar
Farrar, Frederic William, English Cler Gyman And Author: B. Bombay, 7 Aug. 1831 • D. London, 22 March 1903. He Studied At King William's College, Isle Of Man, And Trinity College, Cambridge, Having Gained One Of The College Scholarships. He Was Ordained Deacon In The Established Church 1854 And Priest ...