with submarine dock* and submarine salvage vessels, were to be surrendered or broken up under the supervision of the Allied powers, and the resultant material could only be used for itxhistrial inwposes. In repiacmg the ships herein allowed to Germany armored ships were not to be larger than 10,000, light cruisers 6,000, destroyers 800, and torpedo boats 200 tons each; and no submarine wan to be constructed or pur chased in the future. Strict provisions were adopted to limit the numher of officers and men, who were to be obtained by voluntary enlist ment for long periods of service, as in the army. Germany was forbidden to maintain fortifica tions on her own coast between 54° and 55° 27' north latitude, and 9° and 16° longitude east of Greenwich. She was aiso forbidden to keep any military or nava/ air forces or air crafts of any kind, and all such machines, ex cept 100 seaplanes which were to be retained for locating submarine mines until 1 Oct. 1919, were to be surrendered.
To see that Germany did not find the means of evading these severe military and naval terms provision was made for an Inter-Allied Commission of Control appointed by the Princi pal Allied and Associated Powers which might take up its residence at Berlin, or elsewhere in Germany, if it saw fit, with full powers of in spection of doctunents, plants, and other things within its discretion, and the expenses of main taining the Commission were to be borne by Germany. She was required, also, to give every facility for making such investigations as the League of Nations demanded.
The Punishment of Germans.—As the war drew near its close Allied opinion began to cry out for the punislunent of the German kaiser and the officers who were responsible for the looting and other harsh measures com mitted by the Germans in violation of the ac cepted usages of war. It was not clear that these persons could be punished under any generally accepted rules; but once the feeling was abroad it was not wise to ignore it. The victims of the war were not likely to collect out of Germany half reparation for their prop erty damages, to say nothing of the losses of life; and they were in a frame of mind to de mand, as the least that could be done, the full punishment of those who precipitated their sor rows. • It was in view of this feeling that the treaty-makers arranged for trials of persons they must have known they would have much diffi culty in getting their hands on. tThe Allied and Associated Powers?) said article 227, 4pub 1 icly arraign William II of Hohenzollern, for merly German Emperor, for a supreme offense against international morality and the sanctity of treaties)) and it provided for a special tri bunal to try him and promised to ask Holland to surrender him that he might be given a fair trial. Succeeding articles pledged Germany to
hand over for trial by military courts persons accused of ((haring committed acts in violation of the laws and customs of war?) Reparations.— The reparatian sections pro vided that Germany assume full responsibility for the damages suffered by the Allied govern ments and people on account of the war. It was admitted, however, that Germany's resources were not sufficient for full reparation. She pledged herself to compensate the civilian pop ulation for the losses she had inflicted upon them, and in addition to repay to Belgium the sums that government had been forced to bor row during the war. The amount of damages -was to be determined by a Reparation Com mission, which must report the assessed dam ages to Germany by 1 May 1921 and draw up a. schedule of payments by which the debt was to be discharged within 30 years from that time, unless the Commission agreed to extend the titne for any deficit Germany also agreed to hand over in gold by 1 May 1921 the sum of 20,000,000,000 marks or its equivalent out of which the expenses of maintaining the Allied army in Germany should first be met, the bal ance going to the reparation fund. This fund was to be divided among the Allied powers in the proportion already agreed upon among themselves. Germany also promised, in addi tion to the above reparations, to restore all cash and securities taken away and all animals driven off, when they could be identified. The German government undertook to furnish the Reparation Commission all possible facilities in arriving at just decisions and to pay its ex penses. The constitution and powers of the Commission were carefully regulated with aa eye to the equal distribution of powers as be tween the states concerned. In anticipation of the reparation payments Germany was to issue: (1) bonds for 20,000,000,000 marlcs payable with out interest on or before 1 May 1921, an off set against the specific payment of an equal sum already mentioned; (2) bonds for 40,000, 000,000 marks with interest at 254 per cent between 1921 and 1926 and at 5 per cent there after; and (3) bonds with interest at 5 per cent for an additional 40,000,000,000 marks if the Commission thought Germany could pay them. Thus money payments might be arranged to a total amount of 100,000,000,000 marks in gold.