San Francisco has the largest harbor on the Pacific Coast. It is 40 miles long and from three to 10 miles wide and its depths of water vary from 40 to 90 feet. It is a land locked harbor. It has 50 or more piers averag ing 700 feet in length. Its piers for handling bulk freight are equipped with freight•handling devices. The State of California owns the entire water front of San Francisco and its terminal facilities are publicly owned and are open to the public upon reasonable terms. Its mintage in 1917 was 9,294,366 tons. Into Saa Francisco Bay flows Redwood Creek which has a channel 150 feet wide and five feet deep for three and one-quarter'miles up stream. Along it are several wharves. The commerce of that waterway in 1917 was 24,271 tons. Oakland Harbor is but a part of San Francisco Bay and has a channel 500 feet wide and 30 feet deep at low water through Oakland Estuary so Brooklyn Basin, a distance of four and three quarters miles and thence it is but 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep around the basin, and 18 feet deep through Oakland Tidal Canal to San Leandro Bay, a further distance of four and three-eighths miles, making a total length of nine and one-eighth miles. Its tonnage in 1917 was 3,026,279 tons.
San Pablo Bay in California is a waterway 12 miles long and six miles wide, with a channel five miles long, 500 feet wide and 30 feet deep. It is provided with 20 privately owned wharves equipped with warehouses and other facilities. Its tonnage in 1917 was 11,531, 518 tons. Suisun Channel, California, is a waterway 17 miles long with a channel 80 feet wide and six feet deep. In 1917 its tonnage was 62,842 tons. Napa River, California, is provided with a channel 75 feet wide and four feet deep, for a distance of 18 miles. It is a tidal estuary with a range of 6.92 feet at high water, givinv it 11 feet of water at high Steamers of five-feet draft, carrying fast freight, and sailing vessels of six-feet draft, carrying bulky freight navigate that river, whose tonnage in 1917 was 130,093 tons. Petaluma Creek, Cali fornia, a stream 20 miles long emptying into San Pablo Bay, has a channel 600 feet wide In its lower section and 80 feet wide in its upper section, having a depth of eight feet of water and is navigable for 16 miles. In 1917 its tonnage was 284,423 tons. Montgomery Harbor it California in 1917 had if tonnage of 248,398 tons.
Humboldt Harbor and Bay, whose entrance is provided with protecting jetties, has a channel 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep. Its tonnage in 1917 was 463,901 tons. The San Joaquin River, California, has a channel nine feet deep and 200 feet wide from its outlet in Suisun Bay to Stockton Channel and through Stockton Channel to Stockton, a distance of 45 miles. That channel is to be extended at the same depth through Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake, which form part of the harbor of Stockton. Another channel, one and seven-tenths miles long, four feet deep and 80 feet wide, is being constructed from Stockton Channel to Centre street in the city of Stockton, known as Mor mon Channel. There are several improvements along the river and some terminal facilities. Loaded vessels an that river do not ordinarily draw more than seven feet. The existing project for the improvement of that river pro vides for the diversion of the waters of Mor mon Slough, through a canal, 150 feet wide, to the San Joaquin River. Its tonnage for 1917 was 1,890,856 tons. Mokelumne River, Califor nia, is 140 miles long and empties into the San Joaquin River, 20 miles above the mouth of latter. It has a navigable channel 50 feet wide and six feet deep from its mouth to Galt, New Hope Landing, a distance of 35 miles. Its ton nage in 1917 was 78,954 tons. Sacramento River, California, is to have a channel seven feet deep from its mouth at Collinsville in Sui sun Bay up to Sacramento, a distance of 60.7 miles, thence a channel of four feet deep up to Colusa, a distance of 90 miles, and thence a channel three feet deep up to Chico Landing, a distance of 51.3 miles, and of such depths as are practicable up to Red Bluff, a distance of 52.4 miles. The latter place is at the head of navi gation and 254.4 miles from the mouth of the river. The river points are provided with wharves, warehouses and other terminal facili ties. Its tonnage in 1917 was 947,690 tons. Feather River, California, a tributary of the Sacramento, 20 miles above the city of Sacra mento, has a cleared navigable depth of two and one-half feet from its month at Vernon up to Marysville, a distance of 28.3 miles.
Oregon, Washington and Co quille River, 100 miles long, has a controlling depth of five feet and a width of 100 feet from its mouth at Bandon to Coquille, a distance of 25 miles. There are wharves at Bandon and at various points up-stream. The outlet has a depth of 12 feet and the depth of channel de creases up-stream. In 1917 its tonnage was 40,050 tons. Coos Bay has an improved chan nel 18 feet deep and 200 feet wide up to Marsh field, a distance of 13 miles. Its tonnage in 1917 was 446,062 tons. The Coos River, Ore gon, flowing into the bay, has a navigable length of 23 miles. Its tonnage in 1917 was 97,047 tons. Yaquina River, Oregon, has a channel 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep from its mouth to Toledo, eight and one-half miles, and above that town to the head of navigation, 22 miles from the month, the channel is 100 feet wide and two feet deep. Tillamook Bay, which
is six miles long and three miles wide, has a navigable channel 16 feet deep and 200 feet wide, and at its entrance it is 22 feet deep. It is protected by a jetty a mile long on the north side. The channel from Bay City up to Tilla mook City, 12 miles from the sea, is nine feet deep. The Columbia River is 1,200 miles long. Only 748 miles of its course is in the United States. It flows southwesterly through the State of Washington into the Pacific Ocean between that State and Oregon. It has such large tributaries as the Spokane, the Snake and the Willamette rivers. It has an entrance chan nel 42 feet deep and one-half mile in width, protected by jetties, the north one being two and one-half miles long and the southern one being seven miles long. The largest Pacific steamships may enter the harbor. The tonnage at the mouth of the Columbia River in 1917 was 2,357,863 tons. A channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide is maintained from its mouth up to the mouth of the Willamette River, a dis tance of 99 miles, and thence up the latter river to Portland, a distance of 14 miles. From the mouth of the Willamette River to Vancou ver, Wash., a distance of four and one-half miles, it has an improved channel 150 feet wide and 20 feet deep: It also has a channel 10 feet deep and 300 feet wide in the vicinity of Cath lamet. At Portland.on the Willamette are mu nicipal and private docks, which include grain, lumber and other types. At Astoria on the Columbia River is a large municipal terminal and there are many private docks. In 1917 the tonnage was 2,357,863 tons carried on ocean going vessels and 4,326,681 tons tarried on in land river boats. The Cascade Rapids in the Columbia River, 140 miles above its mouth, are overcome by a canal 3,00) feet long with one lock consisting of two chambers, the lower be ing 469 feet long and the upper one 462 feet long, both of which and the canal have a width of 90 feet and lifts of from 18 to 24 feet, with eight feet of water over the mitre sills. The Dalles Rapids and the Celilo Falls, in a distance of nine and one-half miles, with a total fall of 81 feet, are overcome by the Dalles-Celilo Canal, 190 miles from the ocean, which canal has a depth of eight feet and a width of 65 feet at the bottom and five locks, each 255 feet long and 45 feet wide, with lifts of six and one-half to 70 feet. The canal is eight and one-half miles long. These canals render the Columbia River navigable as far as Priest' Rapids, a dis tance of 397 miles, and also render navigation possible on Snake River to Pittsburgh Landing, which is 540 miles from the mouth of Columbia River. The maximum draft of boats on those sections of the Columbia River is four and one half feet. The Columbia is to have a channel seven feet deep between Watchee and Kettle Falls, a distance of 242 miles. Pittsburgh Land ing, Idaho, on the Snake River, is 216 miles from its mouth and is being improved to se cure a channel five feet deep to Riparia, 68 miles above its outlet, and between Riparia and Lewiston, a distance of 72 miles, to secure a channel five feet deep and 60 feet wide, though for much of the distance the channel is from 240 to 700 feet wide. The tonnage through the Dalles-Celilo Canal in 1917 was 57,718 tons. The Willamette, a tributary of the Columbia, 100 miles from the sea, is to have an improved channel six feet deep and 150 to 200 feet wide from Portland to Clackamas Rapids, Ifl4 miles, and thence a channel six feet deep and 100 feet wide to Oregon City, one and one-half miles, and thence a channel two and one-half to three and one-half feet deep to Corvallis, a distance of 106 miles. The Willamette Falls near Oregon City are overcome by a Canal, four locks and a dam. The locks are 210 feet long and 40 feet wide, with six feet of water over mitre sills and having lifts of 10N feet. The tonnage through it in 1917 was 113.954 tons. The mouth of the Yambill River, a tributary of the Willamette, 42 miles above Portland, was formerly the head of navigation. but loaded boats now ascend as far as Harrisburg on the Willamette, 33 miles above Corvallis. The Yamhill, eight miles above its mouth, has a lock 210 feet long and 40 feet wide, with four feet of water over the mitre sills and has a lift of 16 feet. That renders that river navigable to McMinnville, 18 miles above its mouth. Its tonnage in 1917 was 2,032 tons. Loaded boats below Oregon City are of five-feet draft and above that city they are of two-feet draft. The total traffic transported by 31 river boats in 1917 was 491,901 tons. The Lewis River, Washington, a tributary of the Columbia, 26 miles below Portland, divides three and three quarters miles above its mouth into the North Fork, 106 miles long, and the East Fork, 36 miles long. It has a channel six feet deep and 50 feet wide to the forks. The East Fork ,has a channel four feet deep and 50 feet wide to La Centre, a distance of three miles, and the North Fork has a similar channel from its mouth to Woodland, a distance of three and one-half miles. Both La Centre and Woodland have terminals publicly owned. In 1917 the traffic on both forks was 25,262 tons, about one half that of 1916.