The Cowlitz and Gray rivers, Washington, both tributaries of the Coltnnbia River, have been improved in their lower reaches, the for mer as far as Toledo and the latter for eight miles above its mouth. In 1917 the tonnage on the former was 310,992 tons and on the lat ter 31,092 tom. Willain Harbor is at the mouth of 11111apa River, which is 30 miles long and is from 200 to 2,000 feet wide at the outlet of the harbor into the ocean. A channel 24 feet deep and 200 feet wide has been constructed from Willapa Bay to the forks of the river at Raymond, and thence up the South Fork, 150 feet wide, to the Cram lumber mill, and also from Raymond up the North Fork, 250 to 350 feet wide, to 12th street. The entire improve ment extends 13y6 miles. The harbor is equip ped with city and railway wharves open to the public use. In 1917 its tonnage was 567,510 tons. Gray's Harbor at the mouth of the Che halis River is 17 miles long and 14 miles wide and has a channel into it 500 feet wide and 24 feet deep, with projecting jetties, on the south three and one-half miles long and on the north three miles long. The tonnage at that port in 1917 was 455.957 tons. The Chehalis River has a channel 18 feet deep at low water and 2U0 feet wide from the bay to Cosmopolis, a dis tance of 15 miles, and thence a channel six feet deep and 150 feet wide to Montesano. a dis tacof eight and one-half miles. The tratiic on that river in was 771,480 tons. into Gray's Harbor also empties the Hoquiam River. whose channel is 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep for a distance of two miles. The commerce on that river is prinihpally lumber.
Puget Sound is a large bay in the western part of the State of Washington opening out into the Strait of Juan de Fuca. It has many connecting arms and extensions, principally to the south and southwest deep waters. Into it flows the Skagit, Snohomish, Snoquahnie, Sky komish. Stilaguamish, Nooksalc, Puyallup and Duwamish rivers and connecting navigable sloughs. The conditions are such that perma nent results are not obtainable and continuous dredging is necessary. Large vessels may navi gate the sound proper, but only vessels of six feet draft can navigate its in-flowing streams.
At the south end of the sound is Budd Inlet. Upon this is Olympia Harbor, which has a chan nel 250 feet wide and 12 feet deep, with turn ing basins at the end of the improvement 20 feet deep. One of these is 400 feet wide and 800 feet long. The draft of vessels is limited to 10 feet. The tonnage of that port in 1917 was 283,472 tons. Another arm of Puget Sound is Commencement Bay, four miles long and two and one-half miles wide, constituting Tacoma Harbor. That has one channel 500 feet wide and 25 feet deep to 11th street bridge, and thence 18 feet deep to 14th street bridge, and thence from 500 to 200 feet wide and LC feet deep to a point 8,300 feet from the en trance. The Puyallup waterway has a channel
500 feet wide and 28 feet deep for two-thirds of a mile. That is at the outlet of F River. The tonnage at Tacoma in 2,912,530 tons. Lake Washington Canal ex tends from the lake through several bays, in cluding Shilshole, Salmon, Lake Union and Union Bays to Puget Sound and is wholly within the city of Seattle. That canal has a double lock 760 feet long and 80 feet wide with 26 feet of water over the mitre sills and a fixed dam. Below the locks to deep water in Puget Sound, a distance of eight miles, the channel is 300 feet wide and 30 feet deep Wharves and terminals are located on Salmon Bay. Union Bay and Lake Washington. The tonnage at Seattle in 1917 was 4,850.627 tons. Snoho mish River has a channel 75 feet wide and eight feet deep for five and one-half miles its mouth into the Puget Sound and its tonnage in 1917 was 1,038,477 tons. The chan nel of Skagit River, 150 miles long in the United States, is being improved nine and one half miles above its mouth across Saratoga Passage. The draft of loaded boats is limited ti, three feet. Its tonnage in 1917 was 554,197 tons. Swinomish Slough, 11 miles long be tween Saratoga Passage and Padilla Bay, has a channel 100 feet wide and four feet deep. Its ag tonnage in 1917 was 54.347 tons. Harbor, Washington. is an arm of . Sound. It is four miles long and two wide. Through its outlet is the Whatcom Creek waterway, 363 feet wide, two-thirds of a mile long and 26 feet deep at the outer end and 18 feet deep for the inner one-quarter mile of the improvement. The draft of loaded vessels was 10 feet. The tonnage of Bellingham Harbor in 1917 was 434,340 tons. The channel in Flat head Lake, Montaua, is to have a channel 100 feet wide and six feet deep. Poison Bay at its southern end is a harbor six miles long and fire miles wide. Loaded boats there were lim ited to six-feet draft.
Akuka.— Apoon Mouth is the most east erly outlet of the Yukon River and empties into Pastol Bay, 115 miles south of Nome Harbor. The Yukon is navigable for river boats of five and one-quarter-feet draft to the international boundary, a distance of 1300 miles. Apoon Mouth has been improved for seven miles, having a channel from 150 feet wide and six feet deep through the bars at the month. Saint Michael Canal, Alaska, is a salt-water channel 18 miles long, 100 feet side and six feet deep at the entrance of Saint Michael Harbor. That canal provides a shel tered passage for river boats plying between the port of Saint Michael and the mouth of the Yukon River. The tonnage thereon for the year 1910 was 24,622 tons. Nome Harbor on Norton Sound is the outlet of Snake River, a stream 20 miles long. The harbor is pro tected by concrete jetties 400 feet long. It has a basin 200 feet wide, 250 feet long and eight feet deep. Its tonnage in 1917 was 17,981 taus.