Chapultepec
Chapultepec, Cha-poor-te-pek (ugrass Hopper Hill"), Battle Of. This, The Last Con Siderable Engagement Of The Mexican War, Which Was Followed By The Immediate Occupa Tion Of The City Of Mexico, Was Fought 12-13 Sept. 1847. Chapultepec Is An Isolated Rocky Mound 150 Feet High, Two Miles Southwest Of The Southwestern ...
Character
Character (from Gk. Xapatirlipa Mark). While It Is Doubtless True That The Things Which We Primarily Weigh And Evaluate In Our Discussion Of Moral Worths Are Actions, The Actions Of An Individual Do Not Form A Hap Hazard Aggregate Of Unrelated Deeds. There Is A Certain Continuity In A Man's ...
Characteristic
Characteristic (from Gk. Xatuliaqp Arra 6). This Term Is Used In Many Senses In Mathematics. The Characteristic Of A Com Mon Logarithm (q.v.) Is Its Integral Part, Which Is So Chosen That The Fractional Part Is Never Negative. It Depends Only On The Positive Or Negative Power Of 10 Next ...
Characteristics
Characteristics. Shaf Tesbury's Consisting Of Six Treatises Col Lected And Published In 1711: (a Letter Con Cerning Enthusiasm> • (an Essay On The Free Dom Of Wit And To An Author); (an Inquiry Concerning Virtue Or Merit); Moralists' ; And (miscellaneous Reflections.' The Book Is The Principal Life Work Of ...
Characters
Characters (caracteres). The Of Jean De La Bruyere Are A Col Lection Of Reflections On Human Nature And Conduct And Of "portraits" Of Different Types Of Character Or Varieties Of Moral Development, Studied With Patient And Penetrating Observa Tion And Drawn With Extraordinary Skill In A Few Precise, Significant And ...
Charales
Charales, Ica-ri'lez (from Latin Chara, Some Unknown Plant), A Highly Specialized Or Der Of The Green Ale Or Chlorophycacem. By Some Authorities It Is Considered As A Group The Characem —of Rank Equal To That Of The Chlorophycacem (q.v.). Members Of The Group Are Found Both In Fresh And In ...
Charcoal
Charcoal, An Impure Variety Of Carbon, Prepared From Vegetable Substances Or Bones. Wood Charcoal Consists Of Wood Burned With But Little Access Of Air. Billets Of Wood Are Built Into A Heap, Which Is Covered With Earth Or Sand. The Heap Is Fired At Openings Left Near The Bottom Of ...
Chardin
Chardin, Jean Baptiste Simeon, French Painter, B. Paris 1699 ;.d. 1779. His Father Was A Carpenter. The Young Char Din Received His First Instruction From Pierre Jacques Cazes And Had Practical Experience In Executing Minor Portions Of Pictures Of Fash Ionable Painters. His First Independent Work Was A Sign For ...
Charente
Charente, A River In France, Rising In The Department Of The Upper Vienne; Flowing West And Emptying Into The Bay Of Biscay, About 10 Miles Below Rochefort, Opposite The Isle Of Oleron; Length, 225 Miles. It Gives Its Name To Two Departments, Charente (q.v.) And Charente-inferieure (q.v.). France, Maritime Department ...
Charge Of The Light
Charge Of The Light Brigade, The, A Remarkable Military Movement Made By Nearly 700 British Soldiers At Balaclava, 25 Oct. 1854. At The Attack On Balaclava The Russians Had Been Forced Back By The 93d Highlanders. Major-general Airy Then Sent Down Captain Nolan, His Aide-de-camp, With An Order That The ...
Chariot
Chariot, A Vehicle Used In Ancient Times Either For Pleasure Or In War. According To The Greeks, It Was Invented By Minerva; While Virgil Ascribes The Honor To Erichthonius, A Mythical King Of Athens, Who Is Said To Have Appeared At The Panathenaic Festival, Founded By Him, In A Car ...
Charitable Trusts Or Char
Charitable Trusts Or Char Ities, Any Real Or Personal Property Gifted As A Trust, Which Comes Within An Approved Definition Of A Charity And Which Is For The Benefit Of An Indefinite Class Of Persons, Suffi Ciently Designated To Indicate The Intention Of The Donor, And Constituting Some Portion Or ...
Charities
Charities, Public, Philanthropic Asso Ciations And Institutions Of Public And Private Initiative, For The Relief Of Sufferers From Dis Ease, Poverty And Misery. Following In The Footsteps Of Civilization A Development Of Char Ity Has Come, Often Slowly And Haltingly, But Ever Persistently, Until The Treatment Of De Pendent Poor ...
Charities And Correction
Charities And Correction, The National Conference Of. An Annual Con Vention Of Social Workers Which Originated With An Invitation Extended By The American Social Science Association To Different State Boards Of Public Charities, The Delegates From Which Met In New York City 20 And 22 May 1874. It Was Found ...
Charity Organization So Ciety
Charity Organization So Ciety. The Title Given To Numerous Civic Associations In The United States And Canada Organized For The Relief And Cure Of Poverty, Some Designated Under The Alternative Titles Of Associated Charities, Bureau Of Charities And United Charities. As Described Under Ties, Public (q.v.), Out Of The Feeling ...
Charleroi
Charleroi, Sharl'rwii', Belgium, Town, 20 Miles Southwest Of Namur, Containing Ex Tensive Iron-works And Mines. It Was Here Napoleon Crossed The Sambre On His March To Waterloo. At The Outbreak Of The European War The Town Had A Population Of Over 29,000. On 21 Aug. 1914 The 2d German Army, ...
Charles
Charles (karl Ludwig Johann Joseph Laurens), Archduke Of Austria, 3d Son Of The Emperor Leopold Ii: B. Florence, 5 Sept. 1771; D. Vienna, 30 April 1847. As Soldier, Statesman And Military Historian Charles Was One Of The Most Brilliant Members Of The Haps Burg Family. At The Time Of His ...
Charles I
Charles I, King Of Great Britain And Ireland: B. Dunfermline, Scotland, 19 Nov. 1600; D. London, 30 Jan. 1649. He Was The Second Son Of James Vi And Anne Of Den Mark. James Succeeded To The Crown Of Eng Land In 1603, And On The Death Of Prince Henry In ...
Charles Ii
Charles Ii, King Of Great Britain And Ireland, Son Of Charles I And Henrietta Maria Of France: B. London, 29 May 1630; D. There, 6 Feb. 1685. He Was A Refugee At The Hague On The Death Of His Father, On Which He Immedi Ately Assumed The Royal Title. He ...
Charles Iv
Charles Iv, Holy Roman Emperor, Of The House Of Luxemburg: B. Prague, 14 May 1316; D. There, 29 Nov. 1378. He Inherited The Kingdom Of Bohemia, And Had Been Chosen Emperor In 1346 By Five Electors, Hoping To Occupy The Imperial Throne Without Opposition. But The Princes Of The Empire ...
Charles Ix
Charles Ix, King Of France, Son Of Henry Ii And Catharine De Medici: B. Saint Germain-en-laye, 27 June 1550; D. 30 May 1574. He Ascended The Throne At The Age Of 10, After The Death Of His Brother, Francis Ii, And His Mother Assumed The Regency. Parliament Ac Quiesced In ...
Charles V
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, And King Of Spain (in The Latter Capacity He Is Called Charles I): B. Ghent, 24 Feb. 1500; D. Yuste, Spain, 21 Sept. 1558. He Was Educated In The Netherlands Under The Care Of William Of Croy, Lord Of Chievres, Who Taught Him History, Formed ...
Charles Vi
Charles Vi (`the Sill?), King Of France, And Son Of Charles V: B. Pans, 3 Dec. 1368; D. 21 Oct. 1422. When His Father Died He Was Not 12 Years Old, And The Contend Ing Pretensions Of His Uncles, The Dukes Of Anjou, Berry, Burgundy And Bourbon, Ren Dered His ...
Charles Vi_2
Charles Vi, Holy Roman Emperor, The 2d Son Of The Emperor Leopold I: B. 1 Oct. 1685; D. 20 Oct. 1740. His Father Destined Him For The Spanish Throne. The Last Prince Of The House Of Hapsburg, Charles Ii, Disregard Ing The House Of Austria, Whose Right To The Spanish ...
Charles Vii
Charles Vii, King Of France, 5th Son Of Charles Vi: B. Paris, 22 Feb. 1403; D. Mehun, 22 July 1461. He Became, By The Suc Cessive Deaths Of His Elder Brothers, Dauphin And Heir-presumptive To The Crown. On The King Of England's Death In 1422 His Son, Henry Vi, Was ...
Charles Vii_2
Charles Vii (properly Charles Al Bert). Holy Roman Emperor: B. Brussels, 6 Aug. 1697; D. Munich, 20 Jan. 1745. He Was The Son Of Maximilian Emanuel, Elector Of Bavaria, Then Governor Of The Spanish Netherlands. His Youth Was Spent At The Imperial Court, And In The War Against The Turks ...
Charles Viii
Charles Viii, King Of France, Son Of Louis Xi: B. Amboise, 30 June 1470; D. There, 8 April 1498. He Succeeded His Father In 1483, His Sister, Anne De Beaujeu, Acting As Regent Till He Attained The Age Of 20. In 1491 He Mar Ried Anne, The Heiress Of Brittany, ...
Charles X
Charles X, Comm D'artois, King Of France: B. Versailles, 9 Oct. 1757; D. Austria, 6 Nov. 1836; Grandson Of Louis Xv. He Was The Youngest Son Of The Dauphin And Brother Of Louis Xvi. He Spent A Dissipated Youth, And Left France In 1789, After The First Popular Insurrection And ...
Charles Xii
Charles Xii, King Of Sweden: B. Stockholm, 27 June 1682; D. Frederikshald, 11 Dec. 1718. On The Death Of His Father, In 1697, He Was Declared Of Age By The Estates, Mean While The Young King Showed But Little Inclina Tion For Business: He Loved Violent Bodily Exer Cises, And ...
Charles Xiii
Charles Xiii, King Of Sweden: B. 7 Oct. 1748; D. 5 Feb. 1818. He Was The Second Son Of King Adolphus Frederick. Appointed At His Birth High-admiral Of Sweden, His Educa Tion Was Directed Chiefly To The Learning Of Naval Tactics. In 1770 He Commenced The Tour Of Europe. The ...
Charles The Bold
Charles The Bold, Duke Of Bur B. Dijon, 10 Nov. 1433; D. Nancy, 5 N. 1477. He Succeeded To The Dukedom In 1467, And Immediately Engaged In A War With The Citizens Of Liege, Whom He Conquered And Treated With Extreme Severity. Before This Undertaking He Had Been Obliged To ...
Charles_2
Charles V (*the Wise)), King Of France, Son Of John Ii: B. Vincennes, 21 Jan. 1337; D. There, 16 Sept. 1380. While Duke Of Normandy, And During The Captivity Of His E Father In England, After The Battle Of Poitiers, He Took The Title Of Lieutenant Of The Kingdom. The ...
Charlotte
Charlotte, Shi'lot, N. C., City And County-seat Of Mecklenburg County, On Sugar Creek, And On The Southern And Seaboard Air Line, The Piedmont And Northern And The Nor Folk Southern Railroads, 267 Miles Northeast Of Atlanta, Ga. Electric Car Lines Connect The City With Surrounding Towns. The City Covers An ...
Charlottetown
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, Capital City Of The Province; In Queen's County At The Head Of Hillsborough Bay, At The Confluence Of Three Large Tidal Rivers, On The Prince E. I. Railway. Its Fine Harbor Accommodates Vessels Of The Greatest Draught, And It Has A Large Export Trade. The ...
Charm
Charm, Anything Believed To Possess Some Occult Or Supernatural Power, Such As An Amu Let, Spell Etc But Properly Applied To Spells Couched In Formulas Of Words Or Verse. Among Celebrated Charms The Danish Dane Brog, Or National Banner, Stands Prominent. This Banner Was Said To Have Been Woven In ...
Chart
Chart, A Representation Of A Portion Of The Earth's Surface Projected On A Plane. The Term Is Commonly Restricted To Those Intended For Navigators' Use, On Which Merely The Out Lines Of Coasts, Islands, Etc., Are Represented. A Globular Chart Is A Chart Constructed On Globular Projection. Mercator's Chart Is ...
Charter
Charter, A Document By Which A Su Perior Power Grants Permanent Or Continuing Rights And Privileges To An Inferior, Either A Person Or Persons, Corporation Or Institution, Colony, Municipality, Etc. Originally It Had The Broader Sense, Now Obsolete, Of A Conveyance Of Land. The Media Val Charters Ranged From A ...
Charter Oak
Charter Oak, A Tree Nearly Seven Feet In Diameter, Formerly In Hartford, Conn., It Blew Down In A Storm, 21 Aug. 1856 When Its Age Was Computed To Be Nearly A Thousand Years. A Section Of Its Trunk Was Preserved In The Rooms Of The Connecticut Historical So Ciety; The ...
Charterhouse
Charterhouse, A Celebrated School And Charitable Foundation In London, England. In 1370 Sir Walter Manny And Northburgh, Bishop Of London, Built And Endowed It As A Priory For Carthusian Monks (hence The Name, A Corruption Of Chartreuse, The Celebrated Carthusian Convent). After The Dissolution Of The Monasteries It Passed Through ...
Chartism
Chartism, A Working-class Movement In England, 1838-48, Theprimary Purpose Of Which Was The Attainment Of Certain Political Reforms. The Reform Bill Of 1832 Had Failed To Bring The Expected Advantages To The Working Class; The New Poor Law Of 1835 Was Unpopular; And A, Period Of General Commercial Depression And ...
Chartres
Chartres, Shartr (anciently Autricum, Civrrns Carnutum), France, Capital Of The De Partment Eure-et-loire, 49 Miles Southwest Of Paris, Situated On The Slope Of A Hill, At The Foot Of Which Flows The Eure, And Partly Enclosed By Walls And Ditches, Surrounded By Ramparts Planted With Trees, Which Form An Agreeable ...
Chase
Chase, Samuel, Americanurist, One Of I The Signers Of The Declaration Of Independence: B. Somerset County, Md., 17 April 1741; D. 19 June 1811. His Father, A Learned Clergyman, In Structed Him In The Classics; Later He Studied Law At Annapolis, Being Admitted To The Bar At The Age Of ...
Chase
Chase, Salmon Portland, American Jurist And Statesman: B. Cornish, N. H., 13 Jan. 1808; D. New York, 7 May 1873. He Was The Son Of Ithamar And Janet Ralston Chase, The Former Of English And The Latter Of Scotch Descent. After A Preliminary Education In Schools At Keene, N. H., ...
Chasles
Chasles, Shal, Michel, French Engineer: B. Near Chartres, 15 Nov. 1793; D. Paris, 18 Dec. 1880. He Entered The Ecole Polytechnique In 1812, And On Leaving Was Classed Among The Engineers; But With Rare Generosity He Re Nounced His Place As An Officer In Order To Assure A Career To ...
Chassepot
Chassepot, Shas-po, Rifle, A Breech Loading Rifle, Named After Its Inventor, And Adopted As The Firearm Of The French Infantry In 1866, After The Value Of The Prussian Needle Gun Had Been Shown In The War Between Prussia And Austria. It Is Not Now In Use, Having Been Replaced In ...
Chastelet
Chastelet, Shit-la, Gabrielle Emilie Breteuil, Bre-te-yei, Marquise Du : B. Picardy 1706; D. Luniville 1749. She Was Of An Ancient Family, Was Taught Latin By Her Father, Baron •breteuil, And Was Well Acquainted With That Language; But Her Favorite Study Was Mathe Matics. She Had A Sound Judgment And Much ...
Chateaubriand
Chateaubriand, Sha-to-bee-an, Fran.' Auguste Rent, Vicosrre De, French Au Thor And Politician : B. Saint Malo, Brittany, 4 Sept. D. Paris, 4 July 1848. He Received A Commission In The Army In 1788, And At The Commencement Of The Revolution He Hurried Into Paris To Witness The Great Commotions Then ...
Chatelet
Chatelet, Shat-la', Was Anciently A Small Château Or Fortress, And The Officer Who Commanded It Was Called Chatelain. The Word Is A Diminutive Of Château, Formed From Castel Ism, A Diminutive Of Or From Caste!. Latum, A Diminutive Of Castellum, Castle. The Term, In Later Times, Has Been Applied To ...
Chatham
Chatham, England, Now A Parliamentary And Municipal Borough, Naval Arsenal And Sea Port, In County Kent, On The Medway, About 33 Miles By Rail From London, Practically Forming One Town With Rochester. As A Parliamentary Borough It Includes Gillingham And New Brompton, And Returns One Member. The Great Features Of ...
Chatham
Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl' Or ("the Great Commoner"), British Statesman: B. Westminster, 15 Nov. 1708; D. Hayes, Kent, 11 May 1778. He Was The Younger Son Of Robert Pitt, M.p. For The Family Borough Of Old Sarum, And Afterward Of Boconnoc, Corn Wall. He Was Educated At Eton And ...
Chattanooga
Chattanooga, Tenn., City And County Seat Of Hamilton County, An Important Rail Road, Trade And Manufacturing Centre, On The South Bank Of The Tennessee River, And On The Southern, Central Of G., Nashville, C. & Saint L., Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P, Alabama G. S. And Other Railroads. It ...
Chattel Of
Chattel (o.f. Chatel, Property), Prop Erty Movable And Immovable, Not Being Free Hold. The Word Chattels Is Originally The Same Word With Cattle, All Property Being Reckoned In Early Periods By The Number Of Heads Of Cat Tle Possessed, Or Their Equivalent. The Word Also Has The Same Origin. From ...
Chatterton
Chatterton, Thomas, English Poet: B. Bristol, 20 Nov. 1752; D. There, 25 Aug. 1770. At About 10 Years Of Age He Acquired A Taste For Reading, Which Became A Ruling Passion. Melancholy Gave Way To Vivacity And Vanity, And Dreams Of Immortality. His Father Had Accidentally Obtained Possession Of A ...
Chattopadhyaya
Chattopadhyaya, Shat-teipad-hya' Bankim Chandra, Indian Novelist: B. 27 June 1838 At Katalpara In The District Of Twenty-four Pargannas, Bengal, India. Jadav Chandra Chattopadhyaya, Bankim's Father, Was An Official In The Service Of The Government. Bankim Chandra Was Educated Both At Hugli College And At The Calcutta Presidency College. He Was ...
Chaucer
Chaucer, Chaiser, Geoffrey, English Poet, °the Father Of English Poetryli: B. London About 1340, Probably Rather After Than Before; D. 1400. The Traditional Date For His Birth, 1328, Is Disproved By Known Facts In His Life. His Father, John Chaucer, A Wine-merchant, Was Known To The Court, And Therefore Was ...
Chauienet
Chauienet, William, American Astronomer And Mathematician: B. Milford, Pa., 24 May 1819; D. Saint Paul, Minn., 13 Dec. 1870. He Was Graduated At Yale In 1839, And Became Professor Of Mathematics And Astroncony At The United States Naval Academy In 184 And Was The First Director Of The Ob Servatory ...
Chaumonot
Chaumonot, Pierre Marie, French Pioneer Missionary: B. 1611; D. 1693. His Father Was A Vine Dresser Who Committed The Care Of His Son To His Brother, Who Was Cure At Chatil Ion. Pierre Ran Away At The Age Of 10 In Order To Prosecute The Study Of Music At Beaune, ...
Chautauqua
Chautauqua, Sha-tak'wa, A Popular Educational Centre On Chautauqua Lake In The Southwestern Part Of New York State. The Controlling Organization Is A Corporation °not For Profit," Conducted For Educational Purposes By A Board Of Trustees. The Property Com Prises About 200 Acres On The Upland Terraces Above The Lake, At ...
Chautauqua_2
Chautauqua, Jewish, An Institution Founded In 1893 By Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz Of Philadelphia, And Incorporated In 1899, With A Body Of Officers Representing The Chief Cities In The United States For "the Dissemination Of A Knotuledge Of The Jewish Religion By Fostering The Study Of Its History, Literature, Etc." ...
Chayote
Chayote, A Climbing Vine (sechium Edule), Belong-4 To The Cucurbi Mem., Or Gourd Family The Leaves Are Strongly Three-angled Or Lob!, With The Broadly Cordate Base Also Showing .o Or Four Sharp Corners. They Are Deeply Cottve, Have A Rough Surface With Whitish Veins Ar In Color Are Of A ...
Chc12 Chci
Ch.c12 Chci,, And Finally Cc14; The Fourth One Being Ihe Familiar Body Chloroform. So Also Acetic Acid, C.11.0., By Substitution With Chlorine, Gives Gh,c102, C1h.c40., And Ghc130,; But Here The Process Stops And Can Not Be Carried Further. The One Remaining Atom Of Hydrogen In Acetic Acid Is Differently Combined ...
Check Or Cheque
Check Or Cheque, A Draft Cr Bill On A Bank, Payable On Presentation. A Dieck May Be Drawn Payable To The Bearer, Or Tc The Order Of Someone Named; The First Forms Transfer Able Without Endorsement And Payrble To Any One Who Presents It; The Second Must Be It Dorsed, ...
Checkers
Checkers, Chequers Or Draughts; Fr, Jeu De Dames; Germ., Damenspiel; Ital., Giuoco Di Dama; Sp., Juego De Damas; Arab., La'ab Ed Dama: A Game Of Skill Played By Two Persons On The Familiar Board— Divided Into 64 Squares. The Pieces Or "men') Used Are 24 Wooden (bone Or Ivory) Discs, ...
Cheese And
Cheese And Cheese Is The Curd Of Milk, Including Princi Pally The Casein And Fat, Coagulated, Cooked, Drained And Pressed Into Solid Form. Nearly All Cheese Is Made From Cows' Milk, And Origi Nally It Was A Product Of The Farm. Now By Far The Greater Portion Is Made In ...
Chelsea
Chelsea, Cherse, England, A Metropoli Tan And Parliamentary Borough In Middlesex And Western Suburb Of London (area, 659 Acres), On The North Side Of The Thames, Chiefly Distinguished For Containing A Royal Military Hospital. A Building Was Originally Commenced Here By James I As A Theological College, But Was Never ...
Chelsea Ware
Chelsea Ware (soft Porcelain). There Is Doubt As To The Date When The Chelsea (london) Factory Was Started. Both 1730 And 1744 Are Claimed. The Earliest Dated Chelsea Pieces (two Extant "goat And Bee' Decoration Milk Jugs) Have Incised Triangle And "chelsea, I745' As Marks. They Are Of Such Expert ...
Chemical Affinity
Chemical Affinity, The Force Or Tendency Which Causes Two Or More Dissimilar Substances To Combine In Definite Proportions To Form A New Substance, Whose Properties Are Distinct From Those Of Any Of The Constituents. The Word "affinity° Was Originally Employed In This Sense Because It Was Believed That A Kind ...
Chemical Crystallography
Chemical Crystallography. Chemical Crystallography Is Concerned With The Relations Between The Chemical Constitution Of Crystallized Substances And The Structure Of Their Crystals As Revealed By Their Form And Physical Characters. In 1800 Abbe Rene Just Hairy Announced That To Every Specific Substance Of Definite Chemical Composition Capable Of Existing In ...
Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, The. Accord Ing To The Statistics Published (1916) In The Report Of The United States Census Bureau Covering The Special Census Of Manufactures Taken For The Year 1914, The American Chemical Industry Ranks Among The Largest Manufactur Ing Interests In The Country. Outranked Only By Such Industries As ...
Chemistry
Chemistry, The Science Which Deals With The Composition And Transformations Of Matter, Had Its Origin In Remote Antiquity. In Its Earliest Form It Was Purely Empirical, A Mass Of Disconnected Facts Which Were Brought To Light In The Natural Course Of Development Of Various Industries. In The Extraction Of Metals ...
Chemung
Chemung, She-mfing', Battle Of The, In The Revolution, 29 Aug. 1779, The Decisive En Gagement Of John Sullivan's Campaign, To Harry The Iroquois Country. The Indians And Their Tory Allies Made A Stand In Force At The Chemung River, About A Mile Southeast Of New Town (elmira), N. Y. They ...
Cheney
Cheney, Charles Edward, American Clergyman: B. Canandaigua, N. Y., 12 Feb. 1836. He Was Graduated From Hobart College, A.b., 1857, Following Which He Took The Course At The Protestant Episcopal Theological Semi Nary At Alexandria, Va., And He Received The Degree Of D.d. From Iowa College In 1871. He Was ...