Color
Color. Color May Be Studied Objectively As A Wave Phenomenon (see Light), In Its Psycho-physiological Aspect As A Retinal Stimulus (see Vision), Or, Subjectively, As An Appearance Or Ocular Sensation ; This Last Is The Viewpoint Of The Present Article. Isaac Newton ((philosophical Transac Tions,' No. 80, 1672) Was The ...
Colors
Colors, The Coloring Mat Ters Or Dyes Artificially Prepared From Substances Derived From Coal Tar. They Are Exceedingly Numerous, And Are Mostly Of Complex Chemical Constitution, Belonging To The Group Known As Aromatic Compounds (q.v.). They Consist Chemically Of The Natural Element Carbon In Association With Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur ...
Colossians
Colossians, Epistle To The. An Epistle Of The Apostle Paul Addressed To The "saints And Faithful Brethren Who Are At Colos Sal:." Colossal, Though 100 Miles East Of Ephe Sus And Less Important Than The Adjacent Lao Dicea (col. Ii, 1) And Hierapolis (iv, 13) In The Lycus Valley, Yet ...
Colossus
Colossus, Ko-los'iis, In Sculpture, A Statue Of Enormous Magnitude, From Which Our Adjective Colossal Is Derived. The People Of The East From The Most Ancient Times Have Been Celebrated For Colossal Sculpture. The Pagodas Of China And Of India And The Excavated Cav Erns Of The East Abound With Colossi ...
Columba
Columba, Saint, Apostle Of The Northern Picts Of Caledonia And Founder Of Numerous Monasteries In The Hebrides And The Scottish Mainland: B. 7 Dec. 521 In The Territory Of The Kinel-conal, Modern Donegal. He Was A Scion Of The Illustrious Race Of Conal And Was Thus Of Kin To The ...
Columbanus
Columbanus, Kol-um-ba'nfis, Mission Ary And Founder Of A Monastic Order, That Of The Columban Monks, Was Born In Ireland About 543; Died In His Monastery Of Bobbio, In The Apennines, Italy, 21 Nov. 615. The Order Founded By Him Was For A While Hardly Inferior To The Order Of Saint ...
Columbia University
Columbia University, A Seat Of Learning In New York. The Idea Of Establish Ing A College In New York Was More Than 50 Years In Contemplation Before It Was Carried Into Effect. In 1746 Provision Was Made By Law For Raising Money By Public Lotteries. Five Years Later The Proceeds ...
Columbus
Columbus, Bartholomew (sp. Bartolo Meo Colon; It. Bartolommeo Colombo, His Real Name), Italian Navigator, Brother Of Christo Pher Columbus: B. Genoa Before 1455; D. San Domingo, 12 Aug. 1514. The Events Of His Early Years Are Not On Record. In 1470 We Find Him Established At Lisbon As A Mariner ...
Columbus
Columbus, Christopher (sp. Cristobal Colcin; It. Cristoforo Colombo, His Real Name), Italian Navigator, The Discoverer Of America: B. Genoa Probably 1451; D. Valladolid, Spain, 20 May 1506. His Father, Domenico Colombo, A Poor Weaver, Gave Him A A Careful Education In That Trade —better Characterized As An In Dustrial Art ...
Columbus_2
Columbus, Ga., City And County-seat Of Muscogee County, 95 Miles Southwest Of At Lanta, On The Chattahoochee River And On The Seaboard Air Line, The Southern And The Cen Tral Of Georgia Railroads. It Is At The Head Of Navigation On The River And Steamboat Service Is Maintained With Apalachicola, ...
Column
Column (latin, Columna), In Architec Ture, A Supporting Pillar, Usually Round. In The Earliest Times The Column Was Merely A Tree Trunk, Or Its Imitation In Stone, Used To Sup Port The Roof. The Original Sense Of The Word Is Something That Is High Or Rises In Height. The Root ...
Column_2
Column, In Military Tactics, A Formation In Which The Units (soldiers, Squads, Sections, Platoons, Companies, Troops, Squadrons Or Bat Talions) Are Arranged From Front To Rear, Or In General Any Formation With Relatively Great Depth And A Narrow Front. Columns Are Found In Different Forms Both In Dose And In ...
Comanche
Comanche, Ko-min'che, Camanche, Chouman, Comande. Their Own Name Is Niim, ((people)); The Sioux Gave Them One Which The French Turned Into Padouca, A Powerful And Ferocious Tribe Of The Widely Dis Tributed Shoshonean Stock, Speaking The Same Language As The Shoshones Of Wyoming, And Traditionally Their Neighbors. When First Made ...
Comb As
Comb (a.s. Comb), An Instrument To Sepa Rate And Adjust The Hair, Too Well Known To Need Description. We Have No Certain Authority That Either The Greek Or The Etruscan Women Applied This Useful Article Regularly To Their Hair In The Operations Of The Toilet, Although It Was Used By ...
Combat
Combat, In Its General Sense Signifies A Fight. The Noun Form Is Derived From The Verb And The Latter From The French Of The Same Form. Owing To The Prevalence Of Single Com Bats In Normandy And England In Early Nor Man Times, The Word Combat, In England, Where It ...
Combes
Combes, Koomz, Justin Louis Emile, French Statesman: B. Roquecourbe, Tarn, France, 6 Sept 1835. He Was Educated In A Ro Man Catholic Seminary For The Priesthood, But Subsequently Studied Medicine, And Be Gan Practice In Pons, Where He Filled Various Posts Of Responsibility, Such As Those Of Mayor And County ...
Combination
Combination, Industrial, In Law, A Union Of Individuals, Companies Or Corporations Formed For The Purpose Of Accomplishing A Particular Object Or Purpose. In The United States A Combination Is Not Unlawful In Itself, Though It Becomes So If It Seeks To Obtain Its Ends In An Unlawful Manner Or By ...
Combinations And
Combinations And Permuta-• Tions. Combinations And Permutations Deal With •the Arrangement And Grouping Of Ob Jects. They Arose Out Of Problems Such As These: °how Many Numbers Can Be Thrown With Two Dice?° °how Many Striped Flags Can Be Made With Three Colors?° °how Many Whist Hands Of 13 Cards ...
Combustion
Combustion Is Chemically The Rapid Oxidation Of A Substance With The Evolution Of Light And Heat. It Is Generally Accompanied By Flame And The Production Of Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide And The Vapor Of Water. The Substances Which Are Consumed Are Popularly Termed Combustibles. Chemically, The Sub Stances Oxidized Are ...
Combustion_2
Combustion, Velocity Of. It Can Be Shown By Direct Experiment That The Burning Of A Grain Of Powder In A Fire-arm Is Progres Sive, And That The Size Of The G.rain Exerts A Great Influence On The Velocity Of The Projectile. For Instance If One Piece Of The Press Cake ...
Comedy Of Errors
Comedy Of Errors, The. This, Shakespeare's Shortest Play, Is Certainly One Of His Earliest. Conservative Modern Critics Are Inclined To Fix Upon 1591 As The Probable Date Of Composition And To Place It Second Only To 'love's Labour's Lost> In The Order Of The Poet's Independent Works. To The General ...
Comenius
Comenius, Ktp-meni-fis, Or . Komen Sky, Johann Amos, Moravian Educational Re Former: B. Probably At Nivnitz, Morayia, 28 March 1592; D. Amsterdam, 15 Oct. 1671. His Family Belonged To The Sect Of Moravian Breth Ren. He Studied At Herborn In Nassau And At Heidelberg. He Became Rector Of A School ...
Comet
Comet (greek, ((hair,'" Alluding To The Luminous Appendage Or Tail With Which The Brighter Comets Are Always Associated, And Which Formerly Won For Them The Name Of Ohairy Stare). Comets May For Convenience Be Divided Into Two Classes, Periodic And Un Expected. From 2 To 3 Of The Former, And ...
Comitia
Comitia, Kii-mishi-a (lat. Aassembliesp), With The Romans, The Assemblies Of The People In Which The Public Business Was Transacted, And Measures Taken In Conformity With The Will Of The Majority. ' They Existed Even Under The Kings. In The Time Of The Republic They Were Convoked By The Consuls; In ...
Commemoration Ode
Commemoration Ode. The (ode Recited At The Harvard Commemoration' Was Delivered By James Russell Lowell, 21 July 1865, At The Laying Of The Cornerstone Of Memorial Hall, Harvard, And The Exercises In Honor Of The Sons Of The College Who Had Died In The War For The Union. The Choice ...
Commensalism
Commensalism, The Intimate Connec Tion Or Partnership Between Animals Of Quite Different Affinities; Thus Commensals, Messmate.s, Or Fellow-boarders Take Up Their Abode To Gether For Their Mutual Benefit. A Good Ex Ample Is A Large Sponge, Whose Canals And Pas Sages Shelter Innumerable Worms, Crustacea, Etc., Which Lodge There Without ...
Commerce
Commerce, Department Of. One Of The Main Divisions In The Executive Branch Of The Government Of The United States. We Shall 'here Describe Its Origin And Organization And The Duties Assigned To The Office Of Its Secretary. In The Year Following The Adoption Of Die Con Stitution Of The United ...
Commerce
Commerce, History Of.— Commerce Is A Division Of Labor Among The People Of The World. By It Man Assigns, Unconsciously Per Haps, The Production Of Certain Articles To Cer Tain Areas In Which They Can Be Most Conven Iently Produced, And Other Articles To Other Areas Or Groups Of People. ...
Commerce Of The World
Commerce Of The World, Inter National. World Commerce Is Primarily The Interchange Of The Products Of Its Great Natural Divisions. Nature Gave To The World Three Great Natural Divisions: The Broad Tropical Belt Stretching Around The Globe At The Equator, And On Either Side Of This A Temperate Zone. Between ...
Commercial Associations
Commercial Associations. Early Organizations.— There Were But Few Commercial Associations In The United States Before The Civil War. As A Rule, Only The Larger Cities Possessed Them. The Functions Of These Organizations Were Scarcely More Than To Hold Annual Meetings To Elect Officers And To Have Occasional Banquets Where Local ...
Commercial Courts
Commercial Courts. Tribunal S Distinct From The Ordinary Civil Courts, In Some Countries Are Established In Various Com Mercial Towns, Or Within Certain Districts, To Settle Disputes With Regard To Rights And Obli Gations Between Persons Engaged In Trade, With The Assistance Of Experienced Merchants, By A Brief Process, According ...
Commercial Geography
Commercial Geography. Com Mercial Geography Is The Study Of The Ex Changes Of Merchandise Between The Geographic Sections Of The World. Nature Has Greatly Diversified The Productions Of The Globe. Trop Ical Growths For Example Differ In Quality From Those Of The Temperate Zones And Those Of The Mountain Regions ...
Commercial Law
Commercial Law. This Term Is Rather Loosely Applied To A Body Of Laws Of The Greatest Diversity In Their Origin And Character, But Which Have This In Common, That They Have Arisen Out Of The Usages Of Merchants And That The Legislation And Judicial Pronouncements Thereon Have Taken Note Of ...
Commercial Life Insurance
Commercial Life Insurance. The Primary Purpose Of Life Insurance Is The Protection Of Domestic Relations. Obviously The Proceeds Of A Life Policy May Serve At The Same Time To Protect The Insured's Business Interests When These Are Unexpectedly Deprived Of His Directing Hand And Brain; But In Recent Years The ...
Commercial Paper
Commercial Paper. A General Name For Checks, Drafts, Notes, Bills Of Lading, Bills Of Exchange, Warehouse Receipts, Treasury Warrants, Orders For Delivery Of Goods, Certifi Cates Of Stocks And Bonds And Sometimes Loosely Applied Also To Contracts And Agree Ments. The Term Is Intended To Cover All That Class Of ...
Commercial Treaties
Commercial Treaties. Definition. Treaties Of Commerce And Navigation Are Agree Ments Between Nations Relative To The Privileges And Immunities Which May Be Enjoyed By The Commerce And By The Citizens Or Subjects Of Each Party To The Treaty Within The Territory Of The Other. In General Or Specifically Such Treaties, ...
Commission
Commission, Governmental. A More Or Less Temporary Board To Which Authority Is Delegated For A Specific Purpose. Commis Sions May Be Used Either For Domestic Govern Ment Or For International Arbitration. Among The More Important Commissions Which Have Been Employed In The United, States For The Settlement Of Internal Problems ...
Commission Form Of Govern
Commission Form Of Govern Ment. Definition And Origin.— The Com Mission Form Of Government Is That System Of City Administration In Which All Legislative And Executive Powers Are Vested In A Single Body Of Five Elective Commissioners Or Councilmen. The Plan Originated In Galveston, Tex., In 1901. Prior To That ...
Committee
Committee, One Or More Persons Elected Or Deputed From Among A Larger Body To Ex Amine, Consider And Report On Any Matter Of Business. Large Deliberative Assemblies, With A Great Variety Of Business Coming Before Them From Time To Time, Are Unable, When Sitting As A Whole, Sufficiently To Discuss ...
Committee Of Public Safety
Committee Of Public Safety (comite Du Salut Publique), A Body Elected By The French Convention, 6 April 1793, From Among Its Own Members, At First Having Lim Ited Power Conferred Upon It—that Of Super Vising The Executive And Of Accelerating Its Ac Tions. Later, Its Powers Became Extended; All The. ...
Committees Of Correspond Ence
Committees Of Correspond Ence, In American Revolutionary History, Public Functionaries Of A Type First Appearing In England, Created By The Parliainentary Party Of The 17th Century In Their Struggles With The Stuarts. In 1763, When The English Gov Ernment Attempted To Enforce The Trade And Navigation Acts In America After ...
Committees Of Safety
Committees Of Safety, In Ameri Can Revolutionary History, These Were A Later Outcome Of The Committees Of Correspondence (q.v.). In Massachusetts, As Affairs Drew To Ward A Crisis, It Became Usual For Towns To Appoint Three Committees, Of Correspondence, Of Inspection And Of Safety. The First Was To Keep The ...
Commodus
Commodus, Kom' Lucius Mina Aurelius, Roman Emperor: B. 161 A.d.; D. 31 Dec. 192. He Was The Son Of Marcus Aure Lius Antoninus And Gave Early Proofs Of His Cruel And Voluptuous Character. On The Death Of Marcus Aurelius, 17 March 180 A.d., Commodus Ascended The Throne. A Conspiracy Against ...
Common
Common, That Which Belongs As A Priv Ilege Or Right Equally To More Than One, To Many, Or To The Public At Large; Free To All; General; Universal; Public; Having No Separate Owner; As, The Common Weal. In Scotts Law, Common Good, Taken In Its Widest Sense, Signified All The ...
Common Carriers
Common Carriers, Such As Carry Goods For Hire Indifferently For All Persons. The Term Includes Carriers By Land And By Water And Is Sometimes Applied To Those Who Regularly And As A Matter Of Business Convey Messages. On The One Hand They Comprise Stage-coach Proprietors, Railway Companies, Truckrnen, Wagoners And ...
Common Law
Common Law, The Great Body Of Un Written Law In England And The United States As Distinguished From The Written Or Statutory Law. The Ultimate Sources Of The Common Law Of England Are The Usages And Customs Zia Were Observed By The Barbarous Ancestors Of The Saxon And Norman Conquerors, ...
Common Schools
Common Schools, Schools For The Common People Or The People In General. It Is Only In Modem Times That Education Has Spread To The Masses. In Ancient Times Education Was Generally Confined To A Limited Class And It Was Only After The Reformation That Conunon Schools Came Into Being. At ...
Commons
Commons. The Commons Of Great Britain, In A General Sense Regarded As Com Prising All Such Men In The Kingdom As Had Not Seats In The House Of Lords, And Every One Of Whom Had A Voice In Parliament, Either Personally Or By His Representatives. With Women Now (1917) Enrolled ...
Commune
Commune, Kom'mun, The Unit Or Lowest Division In The Administration Of France, Cor Responding In The Rural Districts To The English Parish Or Township, And In Towns To The English Municipality. In France There Are About 36,000 Communes, With A Considerable Measure Of Self Government, With The Power Of Holding ...
Communism
Communism. Although Aiming At The Abolition Of Private -property, Communism Must Not Be Understood As Including At All Times An Equal Division Of All Property. In Its Limited Application It May Mean The Common Manage Ment Of Industry And The Sharing Of The Fruits Of Some Of These In Common. ...
Community Music
Community Music, A Term Recently Brought Into Wide Currency Through The Char Acteristic Interests Of The Day Along Lines Of Social Administration; And, In General, Some What Loosely Embracing Both Old And New Forms Of Organized Musical Practice. More Strictly, However, It Describes The Newer, Popu Lar Expressions Of The ...
Comonfort
Comonfort, Ygnacio, 1g-na-se'-o 10 Mi:in-fort', Mexican General: B. Pueblo, 12 March 1812; D. 13 Nov. 1863. He Became A Captain Of Cavalry In 1832, In 1834 Was Niade Prefect And Military Governor Of The District Of Tlapa, And In 1842 He Was Elected Member Of The National Congress. This Congress ...
Comoro Islands
Comoro Islands, A Volcanic Group In The Indian Ocean. Between The Northern Ex Tremity Of Madagascar And The Continent Oi Africa. They Are Four In Number —angareja (called Also Comoro), Mohilla, Johanna And Mayotta. In 1843 France Took Possession Of The Last Mentioned Island, And The Others Were Talcen Under ...
Comparative Psychology
Comparative Psychology. Ani Mal Psychology, Comparative Psychology And Genetic Psychology Should Be Defined Together And By Contrast, First, Because They Are Inti Mately Related, And Second, Because There Is Serious Disagreement Between Popular Or Current Usage And Strictly Technical Usage. Briefly, Animal Psychology Designates Certain Materials Of Observation; Comparative Psychology', ...
Compass
Compass, Mariner's, An Instrument To Ascertain Directions At Sea By Means Of The At Traction Of The Earth For A Movable Magnet Or A Set Of Magnets. Similar Instruments Consist Ing Of A Magnetized Needle Resting On A Pivot Are Used By The Soldier Or Woodsman To De Termine Directions ...