Psalms Book Of
Psalms. Book Of. In The Canon Of The Old Ment (q.v.) The Book Of Psalms (hebrew Sepher Tehillint; Greek Psalmoi) Is One Of The Books Of The Third Division Or Hagiographa (q.v.). It Is A Collection Of Religious Poems Of Various Date, And Also, Though A Large Proportion Of The ...
Psychic Phenomena Of Religious
Psychic Phenomena Of Religious Experi Ence. It Is Still A Common Belief In Some Quarters That The Religious Experiences Of The Hebrew Prophets, Of The Early Christians, And Even Of The Christians Of The Middle Age Differed Widely From Those Of The Adherents Of Other Religions, And From Those Of ...
Psychical Research The Society
Psychical Research. The Society For. The Society For Psychical Research Was Founded At The Beginning Of 18s2, And Incorporated In August, 1895, " For The Purpose Of Making An Organised And Systematic Attempt To Investigate Various Sorts Of Debatable Phenomena Which Are Prima Facie Inexplicable On Any Generally Recognised Hypothesis. ...
Psycho Analysis
Psycho-analysis. That There Was Some Inkling Of The Freudian Psycho-analytic Method Of Treating Nervous Disorders Many Centuries Ago Is Shown By A Narrative In Lucian's Tract The Syrian Goddess. According To This Story (§ § 17 And 18), The Stepson Of Stratonice, Wife Of The King Of The Assyrians (i.e., ...
Purgatory
Purgatory. The Idea Of Purgatory (from Latin Purgo "to Cleanse ") As A Developed Doctrine May Be Said To Be The Work Of The Roman Catholic Church. The Position, If Certain Principles Are Accepted, Is A Logical One. The Purest Of Earthly Souls Can Hardly Be Lit To Pass Immediately ...
Puritans
Puritans. A Name Given To Reformers In The Church Of England. Because They Sought To Purify The Church From What They Regarded As Error And Corruption. The Puritan Controversy Began To Become Acute During The Reign Of Elizabeth. Originally It Was Confined For The Most Part To Forms, Ceremonies And ...
Queen Of Heaven
Queen Of Heaven. In The Book Of Jeremiah (vii. 17-20, Xliv. 15-30) Reference Is Made To Meleketh Hash Shamayim, And The Words Have Been Rendered " The Queen Of Heaven " (on The Supposition That Meleketh Is Equiva Lent To Malkath). In The Revised Version Of Jeremiah Vii. 17 F. ...
Quetzalcoatl
Quetzalcoatl. Quetza Icoatl, Which Means " Feathered Serpent," Was One Of The Deities Of The Ancient Mexicans. He Was Not Originally A God Of The Aztecs, But Was Adopted By Them From The Toltecs, Whom They Drove Out. His Worship Was More Humane Than That Of The Aztec Gods, Huitzilopochtli ...
Quietism
Quietism. As The Name Suggests, Quietism Implies An Effort To Reach A State Of Quietude. The Mystic System Of Religion Known As Quietism Originated, As A Modern Movement, With Michael Molinos (1640-1696), A Spanish Priest. In 1675 Molinos Published " Guida Spirituale," A Work Which Sets Forth The Principles Of ...
Quimbyism
Quimbyism. The Principles And Teaching Of Phineas Parkhurst Quimby (1802-186(l). Quimby Was Born In Lebanon, New Hampshire, But Two Years Afterwards His Parents Moved To Belfast. His Father Was A Black Smith, And The Son Did Not Receive A Good Education. Phineas Quimby, However, According To His Son. " Had ...
Red Pottage
Red Pottage. According To The Writer Of The Epistle To The Hebrews, Esau Sold His Birthright To Jacob For " One Mess Of Meat " (xii. 16). The Old Testament Narrative (gen. Xxv. 29-34) Is Interpreted By Commenta Tors On The Bible In The Same Way. It Is Supposed That ...
Religion
Religion. The Etymology Of The Word Religion Is Doubtful: And The Thing Itself Is Difficult To Define In Such A Way As To Include All Varieties. E. B. Tylor Defines It Simply And Briefly As Being " A Belief In Spiritual Beings." To S. Reinach It Means " A Sum ...
Religion Of The Gonds
Gonds, Religion Of The. The Gonds, Whose Numbers Were Given In 1911 As Three Million, Have Been As Being Perhaps The Most Important Of The Non Aryan Or Forest Tribes In India. The Name Gond Would Seem To Be Practically Equivalent To The Name Khond. It Has Been Pointed Out ...
Romanticism Modern French
Romanticism. Modern French. The Romantic View Of The World, Which May Be Described As Roman Ticism, Has Been Well Described By William James. "look At The Last Runnings Of The Romantic School, As We See Them In That Strange Contemporary Parisian Literature. With Which We Of The Less Clever Countries ...
Sabazius
Sabazius. A Phrygian Deity. Sabazius Is The Phrygian Jupiter Or Dionysus. According To Cumont, Sabazius Was Frequently Confounded With Attis, A Con Fusion Due To The Great Similarity Of Their Mysteries. " By Means Of An Audacious Etymology That Dates Back To The Hellenistic Period, This Old Thraco-phrygian Divinity Has ...
Sabellianism
Sabellianism. The Doctrine Of Sabellius And His School. Sabellius Was A Presbyter At Rome Towards The End Of The Second Century. Moda]ism (q.v.) Bad Been Introduced Into Rome By Praxeas, Who, According To Tertullian. " Had Put To Flight The Paraclete, And Crucified The Father." The Medalists Received The Name ...
Sacraments
Sacraments. Robertson Smith (r.s.) Contends That The Sacramental Meal Stands Out As The Very Essence Of The Ritual Of Semitic Sacrifice. In Course Of Time The Primitive Crudity Of The Ceremonial Was Modified, But Originally In The Shedding Of The Blood Of A Victim Upon The Altar And The Eating ...
Sacred Beds
Beds, Sacred. It Has Been Pointed Out By Professor Elliot Smith (mi.) That It Is A Familiar Scene In Ancient Egyptian Pictures To Find The Mummy Borne Upon A Bed, And That In A Proto-dynastic Cemetery, On A Site Excavated By Flinders Petrie At Tarkhan, Corpses Have Been Found Lying ...
Sacred Socialists
Socialists, Sacred. Sacred Socialists Was The Name Of A Small Hand Of Men Who Formed A Kind Of Branch Of Robert Owen's Followers Under The Leadership Of James Pierrepont Greaves (1777-1842). Greaves Was Of A Mystic Turn Of Mind, And Was Influenced By The Writings Of Jacob Wehme (1575-1624). Greave's ...
Sacred Trees
Trees, Sacred. There Is Abundant Evidence, Says Robertson Smith (r.s., P. 185), That Trees Were Adored As Divine In All Parts Of The Semitic Area. The Sacred Date-palm Was Worshipped By The Arabs. " It Was Adored At An Annual Feast, When It Was All Hung With Fine Clothes And ...
Sacrifice
Sacrifice. It Is Pointed Out By Robertson Smith (r.s., P. 213 F.) That In Ancient Times The Oblation At An Altar Had So Central A Place Among Certain Prescribed Rites And Ceremonies Of Worship That " Among The Greeks And Romans The Words And Saeriftciuni, Which In Their Primary Application ...
Sadducees
Sadducees. The Sadducees Were So Called After Zadok, Who Was High-priest In The Reign Of Solomon (i. Kings Ii. 35; Ezekiel Xl. 46). The Name Has Been Wrongly Connected With A Hebrew Word Meaning " Just." The Sadducees Were The Jewish Aristocracy. " They Were Partly The Courtiers, The Soldiers, ...
Sadhus
Sadhus. The Word Means Literally "holy Men," And Corresponds To " Clergy." The Disciples Of The Hindu Religious Reformer, Svrimi Nitrayana, Who Was Born Near Lucknow About 1780, Are Divided Into Two Classes Sildhus, " Holy Men," And Grihasthas, " Householders." The Latter Term Corresponds To " Laity." Svilmi Nara ...
Saktism
Saktism. Saktism Is A Form Or Kind Of Worship Among The Hindus. It Is Connected Closely With Saivism Or The Worship Of Siva (q.v.). In Fact It Is The Worship Of The Female Side Of Siva, The Female Energy. Monier Williams Points Out That The Duality Of The Divine Nature ...
Saturnalia
Saturnalia. A Festival Held On December 17 In Honour Of The Roman God Saturn (q.v.). Sacrifices Were Offered And A Banquet Was Held In The Open Air. " The Festival Was Also Celebrated In Private Society; Schools Had Holidays, Law-courts Were Closed, All Work Was Stopped, War Was Deferred, And ...
Satyrs
Satyrs. The Satyrs Of Greek Mythology Were Spirits Or Demons Who Lived In Mountains And Woods. They Are Represented As Having Eans Like Those Of A Goat, Bristling Hair, And Short Tails. Following In The Train Of Dionysus, They Made Merry With Pipe And Flute. " They Were Considered As ...
Saviour
Saviour. The Title Saviour Was Given In Ancient Times To Deities, And To Eminent Men, Such As Kings, Princes, And Heroes. In The Old Testament It Is Used Of Ordinary Men (neh. Ix. 27) And Of God. In The New Testament The Term Is Applied To God (luke I. 47, ...
Second Epistle To The
Corinthians, Second Epistle To The. The Second Epistle To The Corinthians Presents A Number Of Difficult Problems. At The Same Time The External Evidence For Its Genuineness Is Not So Good As For The First Epistle. Clement Of Rome Does Not Seem To Have Known Of Its Existence. It Seems, ...
Second Epistle To The_2
Thessalonians, Second Epistle To The. Certain Close Resemblances Between The Second Epistle To The Thessalonians And The First Have Led Some Scholars To Believe That The Second Was Modelled On The First By A Writer Who Assumed The Name Of Paul With The Idea Of Correcting Some Of The Ideas ...
Semipelagianism
Semipelagianism. Semipelagianism, A Modified Form Of Pelagianism (q.v.) Was A Reaction Against The Augustinian Views Of Predestination And Grace. It Has Been Called The Heresy Of The Massilienses, Because It Was Defended By The Monks Of Marseilles In Opposition To The Teaching Of Augustine. " The Monks Objected To The ...
Septuagint The
Septuagint. The. This Greek Translation Of The Old Testament, Which Was The Bible Of Greek-speaking Jews, Was Called The Septuagint Because It Was Supposed To Have Been Made By Seventy Or Seventy-two Jewish Elders. The Full Title In Latin Is " Interpretatio Septua Giuta Virorum (or Senionim)," And In Greek ...
Seraphim
Seraphim. Heavenly Beings Referred To In The Old Testament In Connection With The Vision Of The Prophet Isaiah. Isaiah Saw The Lord Sitting On A High Throne. " Above Him Were Standing The Seraphim. Each One Had Six Wings. With Twain He Was Covering His Face. And With Twain He ...
Servites
Servites. The Servites Or The " Religious Ser Vants Of The Holy Virgin " Were Founded In 1233 By Seven Merchants Of Florence. These Merchants Met Together On The Festival Of The Assumption, And Agreed To Renounce The World. They Sold Their Goods, Took Up Their Abode In A House ...
Shamanism
Shamanism. Shamanism Is A Term Used To Descrilbe The Religion Of The Turanian Races Of Siberia. The Term Was Suggested By Shaman, The Name For The Siberian Priest-magician. The Shaman Undertakes To Cure Disease, Or Avert Death, Or Safely Conduct Souls To The Other World. In The Performance Of Their ...
Shamash
Shamash. A Babylonian Deity. Shamash Was The Sun-god. Important As He Was, He Was Regarded As Sub Ordinate To The Moon-god, Sin (q.v.), And His Name Means " Servitor." In The Early Days He Was Worshipped Partic Ularly At Sippar. He Was Called The King Or The Shep Herd. He ...
Shintoism
Shintoism. When Buddhism Was Introduced Into Japan From Korea And China, Some Term Was Needed To Designate The Ancient Faith Of The Japanese As Distinct From The New Religion. The Term Chosen Was In Japanese Kami-no-michi, And In Chinese Shinto. Both Expressions Mean The " Way Of The Genii, Or ...
Sikhism
Sikhism. The Sikhs, Literally The " Disciples," Are A Body Which Was Founded In India By The Great Religious Teacher Nhnak (1469-1538 A.d.), Who Was Himself A Fol Lower Of Kabir (see Kabir Panthis). Nanak's Dis Ciples Idolized Him After His Death, And, Amongst Other Things, Declared That His Birth ...
Siva
Siva. Siva Is One Of The Principal Hindu Deities. He Has Developed Out Of The Vedic Deity Rudra (q.v.). He Is One Of The Triad, Brahma, Vishnu (q.v.), And Siva; For At One Time Brahma Was Regarded As The Creator, Vishnu As The Preserver, And Siva As The Dissolver And ...
Societies For Promoting Primitive
Societies For Promoting Primitive Chris Tianity. The Theologian Who Conceived The Idea Of Forming These Societies, William Whiston (1667-1752), In Spite Of His Eccentricity, Deserves, As Leslie Stephen Has Pointed Out, More Attention Than Has Usually Been Given To Him. He May Be Said To Some Extent To Have Antici ...
Society Of Friends
Friends, Society Of. The Body Of Christians Known As The " Friends " And Nick-named The Quakers (q.v.) Was Founded By George Fox (1624-1691 A.d.) As The Result Of A Profound Religious Experience. As A Young Man, Fox Was Troubled For A Time With Religious Despondency, And Could Find No ...
Socinians
Socinians. The Socinians Took Their Name From Two Italian Theologians, Lielius Socinus (1525-1562) And His Nephew, Faustus Socinus (1539-1604). Ltbus Socinus Was A Lawyer, Who Seems To Have Felt That Jurisprudence Ought To Rest Upon A Positive Divine Basis. He Searched The Scriptures To Find This Basis, And In His ...
Southcottians
Southcottians. The Followers Of Joanna South Cott (1750-1814). Joanna Southcott Was At First A Methodist. In 1792, She Says, She Began To Receive Divine Revelations. These Were Written Down And Sealed, To Be Opened Some Years Later. In Iso1 She Began To Publish " Prophecies" Which Had Been Revealed To ...
Spanish Inquisition
Inquisition, Spanish. The Inquisition Was Used Against The Jews And Moors In Aragon In The Thirteenth Century. Nicolaus Eymericus (f 1393), The Author Of The " Inquisitor's Manual " (directorium Inquisitorum). Was Inquisitor-general For Forty-four Years. But The Strict Rules Of Procedure Laid Down By Him Were Not Fully Intro ...
Spinozism
Spinozism. The Principles Of Benedict Or Baruch De Spinoza (1632-1677). He Was The Son Of A Jewish Merchant Of Amsterdam. At A Comparatively Early Age Spinoza Showed A Great Interest In Learning. He Was Encouraged And Helped In His Studies By The Chief Rabbi Of Amsterdam, Saul Levi Morteira. But ...
Spiritism
Spiritism. A Belief In The Continued Activity Of Departed Spirits And Of Their Interference In Mundane Affairs May Be Said To Be Characteristic Of Primitive Religion. It Is Not Necessarily On That Account A Wrong Belief. The Child, The Savage, The Primitive Man May In Some Ways Be In Closer ...
Spiritual Healing
Spiritual Healing. Spiritual Healing Is Not Identical With Mental Healing. They Have Much In Common, It Is True, But Spiritual Healing Is Definitely Religious. The Difference Is Illustrated By The Operations Of The Psycho-therapeutic Society (q.v.) And Christian Science (q.v.). The Former System Was Purely Mental; The Latter Is Strictly ...
St Columbanus
Columbanus, St., Rule Of. Columbanus (about 543-615 A.d.) Was Born In Leinster, Ireland, And Edu Cated At Bangor. In 596 He Founded A Monastery On The Irish Model In The Vosges, A School For The Practice Of Asceticism And For Sacred Study. His Work Met With Great. Success. Later, When ...
St Simonianism
Simonianism, St. The School Of Thought Founded By Count St. Simon (170-1825), Who Seems To Have Been Influenced By The Philosophy Of Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-177s). The Origin And Aims Of St. Simonianism Are Described Admirably By Edward Vansittart Neale (15i0-i592), Who Became One Of The First Members Of The ...
Steeple
Steeple. The Tower Of A Church, Etc., Together With Any Superstructure Standing Upon •it, Such As A Spire Or Lantern. Morris Jastrow Thinks There Is A Direct And Continuous Line Of Tradition Leading From The Babylonian Zikkiirat Or Stage Tower To The Towers Of The Moham Medan Mosques (note The ...
Stigmata
Stigmata. The Word Stigmata Means Marks Or Brands. St. Paul Speaks (galatians Vi. 17) Of Bearing In His Body The Marks (stigmata) Of The Lord Jesus. He Is Speaking Metaphorically. It Is Claimed, However, That There Have Been A Number Of Cases In Which Marks Have Appeared On The Bodies ...
Stoicism
Stoicism. The Stoic School Of Greek Philosophy Was Founded By Zeno Of Citium In Cyprus (362-264 B.c.), Who Is Said To Have Had Phoenician Blood In His Veins. He Was Influenced Greatly By Early Schools Of Philosophy, For He Had Been In Turn The Disciple Of The Cynic Crates, The ...
Sunday Schools
Sunday Schools. The Catholic Dictionary Claims That Before Sunday Schools Were Thought Of In England, One Was Established At St. Sulpice (1f399) By St. J. B. De La Salle, And That Even Before This Similar Schools, Open On Festivals, Had Been Established At Milan (c. 1580) By St. Charles Borromeo. ...
Suttee
Suttee. Suttee Or Sati Is The Designation Of The Hindu Practice Of Burning The Widows Of Deceased Persons. A Good Wife Showed Her Devotion By Burning Herself On The Funeral Pile Of Her Husband. The Prac Tice Seems To Have Originated In The Noble Caste Of Rajahs. It Was An ...
Swedenborgians
Swedenborgians. The Disciples And Followers Of Emanuel Von Swedenborg (1688-1772). His Real Name Was Swedberg. His Father Jesper Swedberg (1653-1735) Was Bishop Of Skara In West Gothland. After Studying At Upsala University, Emanuel Sought To Extend His Know Ledge And Experience By Travel. He Acquired An Exten Sive Knowledge Of ...
Swine
Swine. Among The Hebrews, Syrians, And Saracens Swine's Flesh Was Taboo, As Indeed It Was Among All The Semites. The Reason Seems To Be That The Pig Was At One Time A Sacred Animal, Especially As We Are Told That It Possessed Magical Powers (cazwini, I. 393, Cited By Robertson ...
Symbolism Of Numbers
Numbers, Symbolism Of. In The Old And New Testaments There Is Frequent Use Of Symbolical Numbers. Seven, For Instance, Is A Significant Number. We Read Of A Seven-branched Candlestick, Of A Sevenfold Sprinkling, Of Seven Sacrificial Lambs, Of Seven Angels, Seven Stars, Seven Churches Of Asia. As W. It Bennett ...
Synagogues
Synagogues. Jewish Places Of Worship. The Word Synagogue Is Greek And Means " Assembly " Or " Con Gregation." The Hebrew (post-biblical) Expression For The Synagogue Is Beth Ha-keneseth, "house Of Assembly." The Institution Seems To Have Arisen In The Greek Period. " It Probably Did Not Become A Regular ...
Syrian Christians
Syrian Christians. A Community In India. According To A Tradition Cherished By The Syrian Christ Ians In Southern India, The Apostle St. Thomas Founded Seven Churches In Cochin And Travancore, And Then Extended His Labours To The Coromandel Coast, Where He Was Martyred. The Apostle Is Supposed To Have Landed ...
Taboo
Taboo. The Word Taboo Is Polynesian, And Means Withdrawn From Current Use. " The Field Covered By Taboos Among Savage And Half-savage Races In Very Wide, For There Is No Part Of Life In Which The Savage Does Not Feel Himself To Be Surrounded By Mysterious Agencies And Recognise The ...
Taborites
Taborites. The Taborites Were One Of The Sections Into Which The Followers Of John Bus (1369-1415; See Hussites) Were Divided. Tabor Means " Tent," And The Taborites Or " Men Of The Tent " Were So Called Because In 1419 They Met And Encamped On A Mountain Near Prague In ...
Taoism
Taoism. Taoism Is One Of The Religions Of China, Or It Might Be Better To Say, Taoism Has Become One Of The Superstitions Of China. For Taoism. As Expounded By Its Reputed Founder, Was A Philosophy Rather Than A Religion, And When It Came To Be Regarded As A Religion, ...
Targum
Targum. The Designation Of A Jewish Version Of Certain Books Of The Old Testament. After The Exile, Aramaic Took The Place Of Hebrew As The Spoken Language Of The People. Consequently, The Text Of The Hebrew Scriptures Became Unintelligible To The General Public. It Became Necessary Therefore In The Synagogue ...
Telepathy
Telepathy. The Word Telepathy Has Been Coined To Express The Power Of One Mind To Communicate With Another Directly, That Is To Say, Without The Aid Of The Ordinary Organs Of Sense. Telepathy Is Not Necessarily A Religion, But It Is Of Vast Religious Significance. It Re-establishes The Importance Of ...
Templars
Templars. Following The Example Of Two Knights, One From Burgundy, The Other From Northern France, Who In 1119 Undertook To Defend Pilgrims In The Holy Land, A Small Body Of Men Took An Oath To The Patriarch Of Jerusalem And Constituted Themselves A Religious Com Munity And A Military Order. ...
Tetjtates
Tetjtates. Teutates, The " God Of The People," Was One Of The Names Given By The Ancient Celts To A God Who Corresponded To The Roman Mercury. He Is Men Tioned By Lucan (c. A.d. 60) With Taranis, The God Of Thunder, And Esus (q.v.), As A Deity Who Demanded ...
Textual Criticism
Criticism, Textual. The Critical Examination Of The Text Of Documents. " One Of The Most Necessary Parts Of The Investigations Of Historians Is To Criticise The Documents On Which Their Researches Are Based, In Order To Be Certain That The Text Which They Are Using Really Represents The Original Writing ...
The Assassins
Assassins, The. A Sect Which Arose In Persia After The Death Of Al-mustansir (a.d. 1094), The Supreme Head Of The Isma'ilis (q.v.), Through The Rivalry Of His Two Sons, Musta'li And Nazir. Al-mustansir Is Said To Have 4 Been Asked By Hasan-i-sabbah In Whose Name The Isma`ili Propaganda Should Be ...
The Atonement
Atonement, The. " The Atonement " Is The Designation Of One Of The Chief Doctrines Of The Chris Tian Religion. To Atone Means In English To Give Satis Faction, To Set At One, To Reconcile. The Corresponding Word In Hebrew Is Used In The Sense Of " To Cover." In ...
The Book Of Mormon
Mormon, The Book Of. The Sacred Book Of The Mormons, In Addition To The Bible. It Is Regarded As Divinely Inspired, And As In Perfect Harmony With The Bible. It Is Claimed That The Second Inspired Work Is Alluded To In The Bible Itself In The Book Of Ezekiel (xxxvii. ...
The Bross Foundation
Bross Foundation, The. In 1879 William Bross, Who Was Lieutenant-governor Of Illinois From 1866 To 1870, Transferred To The " Trustees Of Lake Forest University " The Sum Of Forty Thousand Dollars To Found A Memorial To His Son Nathaniel Bross (d. 1856). When The Income Accumulated It Was To ...
The Burning Bush
Burning Bush, The. A Phenomenon Mentioned In The Old Testament (exodus Iii. 2-4). The Vision Is Said To Have Been Seen By Moses While He Was Tending The Flock Of Jethro, His Father-in-law. " And The Angel Of The Lord Appeared Unto Him In A Flame Of Fire Out Of ...
The Catholic Truth Society
Catholic Truth Society, The. The Beginnings Of A Movement In The Direction Of The Work Of The Catholic Truth Society Were Suggested By The Anglican Movement Which Began With The " Tracts For The Times." About A Dozen Persons, Roman Catholic Priests And Others, Recog Nising The Importance Of Cheap ...
The Christian Commonwealth
Christian Commonwealth, The. One Of The Publications Which Have Been Closely Identified With A New Development In Religion And Theology (cp. Essays And Reviews, Lux Mundi, Etc.) Was The Weekly Journal Which Bore The Name " The Christian Common Wealth." When Mr. R. J. Campbell Was Bitterly Attacked As The ...
The Church Army
Church Army, The. The Church Army Was Founded In 1882 By W. Carlile, Rector Of S. Mary-at-hill, And Now Prebendary Also Of S. Paul's Cathedral. It Is A Church Of England Institution Modelled In Some Re Spects On The Salvation Army (q.v.). As The Designa Tion Army Implies, It Enlists ...
The Churchmens Union
Churchmen's Union, The. A Society In The Church Of England. It Was Inaugurated At The Church House, Westminster, In 1s9s For The Advancement Of Liberal Religious Thought. The Objects Of The Union Are Stated To Be Five. (1) To Maintain The Right And Duty Of The Church To Restate Her ...
The Cock
Cock, The. In China If There Has Been Delay In Burying A Coffin, " It Is Not Unusual To See On The Way To The Grave A Live White Cock With Its Feet Tied Standing Upon The Catafalque." From Ancient Times The Chinese Have Regarded The Cock As An Emblem ...
The Communion Of Saints
Communion Of Saints, The. This Expression, Which Is A Translation Of The Latin Comnmunio Sanetorum, Is The Third Clause Of The Third Section Of The Apostles' Creed In Its Present Form, That Is To Say, Of The Common Creed Of Western Christendom. It Is Not Found In Any Eastern Creed, ...
The Countess Of Huntingdons
Huntingdon's Connexion, The Countess Of. The Followers Of Selina, Countess Of Huntingdon (1707-1791). The Countess Was The Wife Of Theophilus Hastings, Ninth Earl Of Huntingdon. Her Husband's Sister, Lady Margaret Hastings, Married Benjamin Ing Ham (1712-1772), Who At Oxford Was One Of The Members Of The " Methodist " Society ...
The Dog
Dog, The. The Sacrifice Of Dogs Is Mentioned As A Heathen Practice In The Book Of Isaiah (lxvi. 3). Accord Ing To Al-nadim, They Were Sacred Among The Har Ranlans. The Harranians Offered Sacrificial Gifts To The Dog, " And In Certain Mysteries Dogs Were Solemnly Declared To Be The ...
The Elephant
Elephant, The. When The Birth Of Her Son Gautama Was Foretold To Mahamaya In A Dream, He Appeared In The Form Of An Elephant. Hence The Animal Was Regarded As Sacred By The Buddhists. The Hindu God Ganesa Is •represented With The Head Of An Elephant, And In The Mss. ...
The Elixir Of Life
Elixir Of Life, The. The Search For An Elixir Of Life, The Great Elixir, Has Not Been Confined To The Alchemists Of The Middle Ages. Much Of What Has Gone By The Name Of Religion, Or Philosophy, Or Science In All Ages And In All Countries Represents A Quest For ...
The Epistle Of James
James, The Epistle Of. The Epistle Of James Is One Of A Small Group Of New Testament Writings Which Since The End Of The Second Century Have Been Known As " Catholic Epistles," Because They Are Addressed To Christians In General. Eusebius (c. 325 A.d.) Described It As A Disputed ...
The Epistle Of Jude
Jude, The Epistle Of. The Epistle Of Jude. One Of The Group Of New Testament Epistles Known As Catholic Or General Epistles, Consists Of Only Twenty-five Verses. The Writer Mils Himself " Judas, A Servant Of Jesus Christ, And Brother Of James" (vs. 1). He Is Commonly Taken To Be ...
The Epistle To Titus
Titus, The Epistle To. One Of The Epistles Of The New Testament Known As The Pastoral Epistles (q.v.). It Appears From This Letter That Titus, To Whom It Is Addressed, Was In Charge Of The Work Of The Church In Crete. Titus Was A Gentile Who Was Converted By The ...
The Evangelical Alliance
Evangelical Alliance, The. The Evangelical Alliance Was Constituted In 1846 At A Great Conference In Freemason's Hall, London, Which Was Attended By Eight Hundred Representatives Of The Christian Churches. One Of The Resolutions Passed Was As Follows: " This Conference, Composed Of Professing Christians Of Many Different Denominations, All Exercising ...
The First Epistle Of
John, The First Epistle Of. John, The Son Of Zebedee, Would Seem To Have Earned The Title " The Disciple Whom Jesus Loved " (john Xix. 26) In The Life Time Of His Master. This Would Indicate That He Was In Closest Sympathy With Jesus. And The Importance Of Loving ...
The First Epistle Of_2
Peter, The First Epistle Of. The First Epistle General Of Peter Claims To Be By The Well-known Apostle Of That Name, And The Claim Is Strongly Attested By The External Evidence. The Epistle Was Known To The Author Of The Second Epistle Of Peter, To Polycarp, To The Author Of ...
The Flood
Flood, The. The Old Testament Story Of A Great Flood Sent By God To Destroy Mankind (with A Few Except Ions) For Their Wickedness Is Well Known. It Is Common Knowledge Too That A Rather Similar Story Has Been Pre Served On Babylonian Cuneiform Tablets. Another Story In The Same ...
The Fragmentary Hypothesis
Fragmentary Hypothesis, The. This Expres Sion Is Used Of One Of The Theories Which Has Been Put Forth By The Higher Critics (see Criticism, Higher) To Explain The Composition Of The Hexateuch. It Followed The Documentary Hypothesis (q.v.). The Frag Mentary Hypothesis Was Advocated, In Particular, By Alexander Geddes (1737-1802) ...
The Free Religious Movement
Free Religious Movement, The. The Free Religious Movement In London, The Adherents Of Which Meet In Steinway Hall, Was Founded By Dr. Walter Walsh. In 1912, After Being Deprived Of His Church Through The Verdict Of The Highest Law Court In Scotland, Dr. Walsh Formed What He Called A Free ...
The Gospel Of Luke
Luke, The Gospel Of. Like The Gospel Of Mat Thew, The Gospel Of Luke Seems To Have Been Based In The Main On Two Documents, A Document Corresponding Very Closely To The Gospel Of Mark (q.v.) And A Document Containing A Collection Of Discourses And Sayings Of The Lord (the ...
The Gospel Of Mark
Mark, The Gospel Of. Papias Makes The Follow Ing Statement About The Work Of Mark : " And This Also The Elder Said : Mark, Having Become The Interpreter Of Peter, Wrote Down Accurately All That He Remembered Of The Things That Were Either Said Or Done By Christ, But ...
The Gospel Of Matthew
Matthew, The Gospel Of. It Used To Be Thought That Papias In The First Half Of The Second Century A.d. Was Referring To The Gospel Of Matthew When He Said That " Matthew Composed The Login In The Hebrew Language, And Each One Interpreted These As He Was Able." But ...
The Hair
Hair, The. In The Old Testament One Of The Legal Enactments Is Said To Have Been : " Ye Shall Not Round Off The Corners Of Your Hair, Nor Shalt Thou Disfigure The Corners Of Thy Beard" (lev. Xix. 27). The Israelites Were Commanded Not To Cut Off Or Shave ...
The Hajj
Hajj, The. The Name Of A Pilgrimage Made By The Muhammedans To The Holy House At Mecca, The Kaha (q.v.). It 4s The Fifth Of The Foundations Of Islam. Every Muslim, Male Or Female, Is Commanded To Make The Pil Grimage At Least Once In His Life (qur'an, Xxii. 2s; ...
The Hexapla
Hexapla, The. Besides The Septuagint (q.v.) And The Versions Of Aquila, Theodotion, And Symmachus (see Greek Versions, Old Testament), Other Greek Versions Of The Old Testament Were Known To Origen (e. 185-86 A.d.-251-54 A.d.). Two Of These, Designated Quinta And Sexta He Made Use Of In His Octapla. Euse Bins ...
The Higher Thought
Higher Thought, The. The " Higher Thought," Also Known As The " New Thought." May Be Described As A Modern Idealistic And Mystical Philosophy Of A Practical Character. Some Of Its Principles Are, Indeed, By No Means New. As Horatio W. Dresser Says (health And The Inner Life, 1907), " ...
The Inquisition
Inquisition, The. The Inquisition (inquisitio Hmreticae Pravitatis), Also Called The " Holy Office " (sanctum Officium), Is The Name Of A Spiritual Tribunal In The Roman Catholic Church Whose Duty It Has Been To Detect, Repress, And Punish Heretics. In The Ancient Church This Was One Of The Duties Of ...
The Law
Law, The. The Designation Of The First Of The Three Groups Into Which The Books Of The Old Testament Are Divided. The Hebrew Name Is Torah. It Embraces Genesis (called In Hebrew Bereshith), Exodus (shemith), Leviticus (vayyikra), Numbers (bemidhar), And Deu Teronomy (debh(irim). The First Of The Three Groups To ...
The Liturgy Ofthe
Liturgy Of The Ancients, The. A Liturgy Compiled By Edward Stephens (d. 1706), Whose Theological Learning Gained Him The Name " Abbat Stephens." The Title Of His Liturgy, Printed In 1696, Shows The Nature Of The " Reformation " Which Be Wished To Introduce. It Is : " The Liturgy ...