Laughter
Laughter, As Physically Defined, Is An Emotion Entirely Confined To The Human Species. It Is A Peculiar Agitation Of The Body, An Organical Titillation As It Were, Which, Rising Suddenly And Irresistibly, Affects At Once The Face And Throat, The Thorax And The Abdomen. Although This Physical Phenomenon Is Usually ...
Lauiius Nobilis
Lauiius Nobilis, The True (cresar's) Laurel, Or Sweet Bay, Medical Properties Of. Of This Tree Or Large Shrub, The Berries Only Are Officinal In This Country, The Leaves And Berries On The Continent. Both Contain A Volatile Oil ; The Berries Also A Fixed Or Expressed Oil, Called Laurel Fat ...
Lauryl
Lauryl An Hypothetical Radical Contained In Lauric Acid And The Compounds Derived From Lauric Acid. It Is Homologous With Acetyl, Propyl, Butyl, &c. [negative Radicals.] Hydride Of Lauryl (h, Is Not Known, But A Derivative Of It, Termed Laurone, Or Laurostearonc, Has Been Obtained By The Destructive Distillation Of Laurate ...
Lavandula
Lavandula. The Medical Uses Of The Products Of Various Species Are Given Under This Head In The Nat. Hist. Div. Law. In Treating Of The Word Law We Will First Explain Its Ety Mology, And The Etymology Of The Equivalent Words In The Principal Languages Of The Civilised World ; ...
Law Of Mortality
Mortality, Law Of. In This Article We Intend To Confine Our Velem To Sonic, Account Of Our Present Knowledge, Theoretical And Practical, Of The Laws Which Are Found To Regulate Mortality Among Mankind In This Country. Uncertain As Is The Life Of Any One Individual, It Is Now Very Well ...
Lawn
Lawn, A Space Of Ground Covered With Grass, Kept Short By Mowing And Generally Situated In Front Of A House Or Mansion, Or Within The View From Such. The Number Of Evergreen Exotics Which Survive Our Winters, And The Verdure Of The Grass In Summer, Are Peculiar Features Of England ...
Lawrence Koster
Koster, Lawrence, Or Laurent Janszoon, A Native Of Haarlem In Holland, Whom The Dutch Consider As The True Inventor Of The Art Of Printing. He Is Believed To Have Been Born At Haarlem About 1370; And In After-life Filled Successively Several Minor Offices In His Native Town, As, Sacrietno, Churchwarden, ...
Laws Of Motion
Motion, Laws Of. The Laws Of Motion Mean Those Universal Methods Of Receiving And Losing Motion Which Close Attention To Mechanical Phenomena, Coupled With Strict Inductive Reasoning, Has Shown To Be Inherent In The Constitution Of Matter. If An Intelligent Observer, Not Used To Inductive Reasoning, Nor Instructed In The ...
Laws Of Oleron
Ole'ron, Laws Of. Tho Laws, Or Constitutions, Or Judgments Of Oleron, Are A Capitulary Of Ancient Marine Custom, Written In Old French, And Bearing The Name Of Oleron For Several Centuries, Because Tradition Points To The Island So Called As The Place Of Their Original Promulgation. An Ancient Copy Of ...
Layering
Layering Is An Operation By Which The Propagation Of Plants Is Effected By Laying Down Or Bending The Shoots, So That A Portion Of Them Can Be Covered With Earth. A Shoot So Operated On Is Called A Layer, And The Point Which Furnishes The Layers Bears The Name Of ...
Lazare Hoche
Hoche, Lazare, Born In 1763 Near Versailles, Of Very Humble Parentage, Enlisted In The French Guards At The Age Of Sixteen. When The Revolution Broke Out Be Warmly Espoused Its Cause, Obtained A Lieutenant's Commission In A Regiment Of The Line, And Served In Flanders Under Dumouriez. Having Distinguished Himself ...
Lazare Niciiolas Marguerite Carnot
Carnot, Lazare Niciiolas Marguerite, Wee Born Of Respectable Ancestry At Nolay, In Burgundy, Ou The 13th Of May 1753. He Entered The Nrmy In The Corps Of Engineer, In 1771, And At The Time The Revolution Began Was Known As A Respectable And Well Informed Officer, Who Had Gained The ...
Lazaretto
Lazaretto Is The Name Given To Certain Building's And Enclosures Which Are Annexed To Seaport Towns, Chiefly In The Mediterranean, For The Sake Of Keeping Therein Confined The Crews Of Ships And Passengers Arriving From Turkey, Or Other !dame Where The Plague, Or Other Di Ease Deemed Contagious, Is Known ...
Le Pere Gabriel Daniel
Daniel, Le Pere Gabriel, A Jesuit, Born At Rouen Iu 1619, Wrote The History Of France From The Commeucemout Of The Monarchy, 3 Vols. Fol., 1713, Which He Dedicated To Louis Xiv., Who Made Him Historiographer Of The Kingdom, Sith A Pension Of 2000 Francs. The Most Valuable Part Of ...
Le Sueur
Le Sueur, Jean-francois, A Very Distinguished French Composer, Knight Of The Ldgion D'honneur, And Director Of The Music Of The Emperor Napoleon L, Was The Descendant Of An Ancient Family, And Born In 1766. After Having Been Maitre De Chapelle Of Several Cathedrals In France, For Which He Composed A ...
Lead Manufacture
Lead Manufacture. Lead (freoch,plomb; Italian, Fields° ; Spanish, Plorno; Portuguese, Thumb() (all From The Latin Ptunibum); German, Mei ; Dutch, Loot ; Russ., Steinetz) Was Known And Used By The Greeks And Romans For Various Purposes ; Among Others, It Was Employed For Pipes To Convey Water, Just As It ...
Lease
Lease.' A Lease, Or Letting, Is Sometimes Called A Demise (eleiniasio.) It Is Sonetimem Mid That Lame Is From The Latin " Locatio ; " But As The Verb Which Coirseconds To The Noun Lease Is Let, It Seems That The Word Lame Is The Noun Which Corresponda To The ...
Lease And Release
Lease And Release. Recent Legislation Has Swept Away The Mode Of Conveyance By Lease And Release, Which Was Formerly Almost Universal. The Importance Which This Legal Device Formerly Had In The System Of Conveyancing, Makes It Necessary To Give An Account Of It Here. There Are Various Kinds Of Release, ...
Leather Manufacture
Leather Manufacture. Leather (emir, French; Lake, Ger Man ; Leer, Dutch ; Heeler, Danish ; 'oder, Swedish ; Omit), Italian ; Euero, Spanish ; Kusha, Russian.) Is Prepared From The Skins Of Animals, Or, It Would Perhaps Be More Correct To Say, Consists Of That Substance After It Has Been ...
Lebrun
Lebrun (or Le Brun), Charles, An Eminent French Painter, Was Born At Paris In 1619. His Father Was An Indifferent Sculptor. The Son, Manifesting An Early Talent For Drawing, Was Placed Under The Care Of Simon Vouet. Ile However Went To Finish His Studies At Rome, Where He Spent Aix ...
Lefebvre Francois Joseph
Lefebvre. Francois-joseph, Duke Of Danzig, And Marshal Of France, Was Born Of Humble Parents, At Ituffach, Iu Upper Alsace, On The 25th Of October 1755. Ile Was Designed For The Ecclesiastical Profession, But Having Lost His Father, Be Enlisted, When Eighteen Years Of Age, As A Private Soldier In The ...
Lefort
Lefort, Frangois, Was The Son Of Jacques Lefort, Member Of The Grand Council Of Geneva, In Which City He Was Born In 1656. After Having Served As A Cadet Iu The Swiss Guards In The Service Of France, And Subeeqnently Iu A Regiment Belonging To The Duke Of Courland, In ...
Left
Left Is The Precinct Or District Within The Cognisance Or Subject To The Jurisdiction Of A Courteleet. Sometimes The Term Is Used To Denote The Court Itself, The Full Style Of Which Is "the Court Beet And View Of Frank-pledge." The Court-feet Is Also Called A Law-day, As Being The ...
Leg Umin
Leg Umin. Vegetable Casein. Thia Body Has Already Been Referred To [aumeerst] As One Of The Members Of The Albumisoid Or Pried,' Group Of Subetances. It Exists In The Seeds Of All Leguminous Plants, But Is Best Prepared From Peas Or Sweet Almonds. These Are Bruised, Digested In Lukewarm Water ...
Legacy
Legacy (lepitum), A Bequest Or Gift Of Goods And Chattels By Will Or Testament. The Person To Whom It Is Given Is Termed The Legatee (legatirius); And Every Person Is Capable Of Being A Legatee, Unless Particularly Disabled By The Common Law Or By Some Statute. The Bequest In No ...
Legate
Legate (from The Latin, Legiltus). This Word Had Various Signi Fieations Among The Romans. The Legates Were The Chief Assistants Of The Proconsuls And Propreters In The Administration Of The Provinces. The Number Of Legates Differed According To The Quality Of The Governor Whom They Accompanied ; Their Duties Consisted ...
Legion
Legion. In A Roman Consular Army Each Grand Division, Corre Pending Nearly To • Modern Brigade, Was So Denominated ; And The Word Indicates A Selection Of The Individuals Composing Such Division. The Name Is Still Occasionally Given To A Body Of Troops Consisting Of Several Regiments Or Battalions, When ...
Legion Of Honour
Legion Of Honour, An Order Of Merit In France, Owes Its Origin To Article S7 Of The Constitution Of 1800, Which Provided That " National Rccomnpenscs Should Be Bestowed On The Warriors Who Had Performed Brilliant Services," And This Principle Wu Organised To Some Extent By The Joint Consuls. Napoleon ...
Legislation
Legislation. Under This Bead Of Legislation, Maybe Considered, 1st. The Meaning Of The Word ; 2nd. The Distinction Between The Legislative And Executive Powers ; And 3rd. The Difference Between Jurisprudential And Legislative Science. 1. Etymology Of The Icord.—a Magistrate Who Proposed A Law In Rome For The Adoption Of ...
Leleg Es
Leleg Es. The History Of This People Is Involved In Great Obscu Rity, In Consequence Of The Various And Almost Contradictory Traditions Which Exist Concerning Them ; According To Which, They Are On The One Hand Represented As Among The Earliest Inhabitants Of Greece, While On The Other They Are ...
Lemoine
Lemoine, Francois, A Celebrated French Painter Of The 18th Century, Was Born At Paris In 1688. He Was The Pupil Of Louis Gal Loche, Early Distinguished Himself, And In 1718 Was Elected A Member Of The Royal Academy Of Painting ; His Presentation-piece Was An Excellent Picture Of Hercules Killing ...
Lemon Orange
Orange, Lemon, Lime—medical Properties Of. These Are All Species Of The Genus Citrus. Save The Root, Wood, And Bark, Every One Of Them Yields From Every Part Something Of Use In Medicine Or Per Fumery. Citrus Aurantium, Or Sweet Orange, Is Too Well Known To Require Description. Its Leaves And ...
Leo I
Leo I., Emperor Of Constantinople, Born In Thrace Of Obscure Events, Entered The Military Service And Rose To High Rank. At The Leath Of The Emperor Marcianus In A.d. 457, He Commanded A Body Of Roops Near Selymbria, And Was Proclaimed Emperor By The Soldiers, T The Instigation Of Aspar, ...
Leo I_2
Leo I. Was Only A Deacon When Be Was Chosen By The Clergy And People Of Rome To Be Their Bishop, After The Death Of Sixtus Iii., 440, Under The Reign Of Valentiuianus Hi., Emperor Of The West, And Theodosius Il, Emperor Of The East. He Was A Man Of ...
Leo Iii
Leo Iii., Called /sauricus, From The Country Of His Birth, Was Of Humble Parentage, And Served In The Army Under Justinian Ii. Linder The Reign Of Auastasius Ii. He Received The Supreme Command Of The Troops Of Asia. After Amastasius Was Deposed And Theodosius Hi, Proclaimed In His Stead In ...
Leo Iii_2
Leo Iii., A Native Of Rome, Was Elected After The Death Of Adrian I. In 795. He Immediately Communicated His Election To Charlemagne, To Whom He, Like His Predecessor, Acknowledged Allegiance. Charle Magne Replied By A Letter Of Congratulation, Which He Entrusted To The Abbot Angilbertus, Whom Ho Commissioned To ...
Leo V
Leo V., Called The Armenian, Because His Father Was From That Country, Held A Command In The Army Under The Reign Of Nicephorus, But Being Accused Of Treason He Was Confined In A Convent. Michael Rangab6, On Ascending The Throne In 811, Gave Him His Pardon And Restored Him To ...
Leo Vi
Leo Vi., Styled The Philosopher, Probably On Account Of His Writings, For His Conduct Gave Him No Claims To The Appellation, Was The Son Of The Emperor Basilius The 3iacedonian, Whom He Succeeded In 586. His Brother Alexander Was His Nominal Colleague, But Through Indolence Left The Government Entirely To ...
Leoiold Ii
Leoi'old Ii. Of Germany And L Of Tuscany, Was The Second Son Of Maria Theresa Of Austria And Her Husband Francis Of Lorraine. After Maria Theresa Succeeded, By The Death Of Her Father Charles Vi., To The Austrian Dominions, The Grand-duchy Of Tuscany, Which, According To Treaties, Was To Remain ...
Leon Faucher
Faucher, Leon, An Ex-minister Of The French Government, And A Writer On Subjects Of Political Economy And Social Progress, Was Occupied During The Greater Part Of Hie Life As A Journalist. Ma Connection With The Periodical Press Of Paris Commenced About The Year 1830; From 1830 To 1843 He Was ...
Leonard Digges
Digges, Leonard, A Distinguished Mathematician Of The 16th Century, Was Descended From An Ancient Family Iu The County Of Kent. Ho Was Born ?t Digges-court, In The Parish Of Barham, In The Same County. Ile Was Educated At Oxford; But Having An Ample Property, Lie Retired To His Own Seat, ...
Leonard Euler
Euler, Leonard, A Celebrated Mathematician Of The Last Century, Was Born On The 15th Of April 1707, At Basel, In Switzerland ; His Father, Paul Euler, Was The Calvinistic Pastor Of The Neighbouring Village Of Riechen. He Was A Man Remarkable For Unostentatious Piety, And Imbued With A Considerable Knowledge ...
Leonidas
Leo'nidas, King Of Sparta, Commanded The Grecian Troops Sent To Maintain The Pass Of Thermopylea Against The Invading Army Of The Persians Under Xerxes, B.o. 480. The Force Under His Command Amounted To 4200 Men, Besides The Opuntian Locri And 1000 Phocians. With These, During Two Days' Fight, He Defended ...
Leopold I
Leopold I., Emperor Of Germany, Of The House Of Austria, Son Of Ferdinand 111. And Of Mary Anue Of Spain, Was Born In 1640 ; Pro Claimed King Of Hungary In 1655: Kin Of Bohemia In 1657; End, Lastly, Was Chosen Emperor In 1659, After A Contested Election Between Him ...
Lepra
Lepra (the Greek Word Xfrpa, Scaliness), An Affection Of The Skin, Of The Order Squamm, Or Scaly Diseases, Of Willan And Bateman. It Is Characterised By An Eruption Of Circular Spots Of Inflamed Skin Covered With Scale* Varying From The Size Of A Pin's Head To That Of A Shilling ...
Letitia Elizabeth Landon
Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (mies. Maoteme), Generally Known By Her Initials, L E. L.,' Was Born In The Year 1802 At Old Brampton, A Suburb Of London. Her Father Was An Army Agent, And She Was The Niece Of Dr. Landon, Dean Of Exeter, And The Sister Of The Rev. Whittington ...
Letter Or Power Of
Letter Or Power Of Attorney Is An Instrument By Which Me Person Authorises Another To Do Some Act For Him; It May Be Used In Any Lawful Transaction, As To Executes Deed, To Collect Rents Or Debts, To Sell Estates, &c. The Authority Must Be Strictly Pursued, For The Principal ...
Letters Patent
Letters-patent (in Law), The King's Letters, Sealed With The Great Seal. These Grants, Says Blackstone (2 Comment.' P. 319, Mr. Kerr's Rd.), Whether Of Lends, Honours, Liberties, Franchises, Or Anything Else That Can Be Granted, Are Contained In Charters Or Letters-patent, That Is, Open Letters, Litercrygocnics. They Aro So Called ...
Lettuce
Lettuce (the Bartara Swim, Or Garden Lettuce) Is One Of The Principal Kinds Of Vegetables Used For Salads, And It Also Forms An Ingredient In Several Kinds Of Soup. It Has Been Introduced And Culti Vated In This Country For Nearly Three Centuries, But, Like Many Other Domesticated Plants, Its ...
Leuca League
League, Leuca, Leuga, Leuva, Leweke, &e., An. Itinerary Measure, Which In Modern English Always Means The Twen Tieth Part Of A Degree Of Latitude, Or Three Of What Are Called Geographical Miles, Each Of Which Is The Sixtieth Part Of A Degree. The Variation Of The Degrees Of Latitude Is ...
Leucin
Leucin (c„h,,n0,) Aposepidin. Leucin Is A White Crystalline Substance Frequently Met With In Chemical Operations Upon Animal Substances. Its Composition And Properties Indicate That It Is Homo Logous With Sugar Of Gelatin [gtvcocom.], And With Alanln, As Seen From The Following Formula Limprieht Has, In Fact, Within The Last Few ...
Levelling
Levelling Is The Art Of Determining The Heights Or Depressions Of Points On The Ground With Respect To A Spherical Or Spheroidal Surface Coinciding Nearly With That Of The Earth, Or, When The Extent Of Ground Is Inconsiderable, With Respect To A Horizontal Plane Passing Through Some Given Point On ...
Leviticus
Leviticus, Is The Third Book Of The Pentateuch, And Is So Called From Aeverixov, The Title Given To The Book In The Septuagint Translation. In Hebrew It Is Denominated Sipn, Va Yekra, "and He Is Called," Its First Word. Both Titles Indicate The Contents, As The Book Treats Principally Of ...
Liarva Christian
Liarva Christian, Was Born At Breslau In The Year 1742. At An Early Age He Lost His Father, And He Was Indebted For His Education To The Solicitude Of His Mother. Ile Attended The Gymnasium At Breslau, And Was Designed For The Churl*, Which However On Account Of The Delicate ...
Libanius
Liba'nius, A Celebrated Teacher Of Rhetoric, Was Born At Antioch In Syria, In 314, Of An Ancient And Noble Family. After Pursuing His Studies With Great Diligence In His Native City, He Repaired To Athens, Where He Remained Four Years. He Taught The Arts Of Rhetoric And Declamation At Athens, ...
Libel
Libel Is A Malicious Defamation, Expressed Either In Writing, Or By Signs, Pictures, &c., Tending Either To Blacken The Memory Of One Who Ie Dead, Or The Reputation Of One Who Ie Alive, And Thereby Exposing Him To Public Hatred, Contempt, Or Ridicule. (islawk. ' P. C.') This Species Of ...