4. Adbesiventas Is the propensity to attachment or friendship, by which individuals of the rune or different kiwis are induced to asso ciate together, and which causes men to be attached to the various object. amongst'which they are placed. Its objects are diaintertsited friendship, marriage, society, and attachment in general. The organ of this faculty is believed to be situated at No. 4, Immediately above and to the outer 61110 of that of philoprogenitiveness.
5. Corsbatiremess Is the natural disposition which men and animals feel in various degrees to quarrel or tight. In order to discover its organ, Dr. Gall is said to have been in the habit of calling together boys from the streets to endeavour to make them fights There were of course some who wore fond of it, and others who were peaceable and timid : in the former the part of the head marked 5 was promi nent; in the latter it was flattened or depressed. The same difference is said to exist in the formation of this part, in correspondence with the strength pf this disposition in the several species of animals, and remarkably in the diflkirent varieties of dogs.
6. Destructireness, or the propensity to destroy, is the feeling which is gratified by any kind or mode of destruction. Spurzheim ascribed to it the tendency to all kinds of destruction, whatever were their objects, or the mode In which they were effected. Thus defined, the propensity to murder is but one of the directions which the disposi tion for destruction may take, and one from which in a conscientious and benevolent man it would always be diverted. In such a man this pro penalty will be exercised for an innocent or even a useful end, as the procuring of food by the slaughter of animals, &e. ; in another, in whom its influence is less counterbalanced, there will exist an indiffer ence to the suffering and calamities of others, or even a positive pleasure in beholding or contemplating them ; in a third, iu whom it is unrestrained, it may break out in acts of violence and love of blood-shedding in every form. In the diseased condition of its organ this propensity is regarded as the source of the irresistible desire for the destruction of life, of which so many lamentable examples are known, and which is commonly called homicidal monomania. The neat of the organ of destructiveness is on each aide of the head im mediately above the ear, at No. 6; and its various degrees of develop
ment may be seen in a comparison of the width at this part of the heads of carnivorous and herbivorous auirnals.
7. Secretiveness is the propensity to act iu a clandestine manner; to conceal emotion, and to be secret in thoughts, words, things, and pro jects. Its most frequent bad results are cunning and hypocrisy; and the most usual direction which it takes for good ends is prudence. The organ of this propensity is immediately above that of destructiveness, at No. 7. (In the casts made in accordance with the enumeration of the faculties employed by Mr. Combo, in the early editions of his ' System of Phrenology,' this organ is marked 9.) 8. Acquisitiveness is the propensity to acquire. Its organ being found very large in notorious thieves, Dr. Gall conceived that there was a natural disposition to theft. Dr. Spurzheim, on the other hand, makes no limitation as to the purpose or mode of acquisition, which he believes to be determined in each case by the degrees in which the several other faculties are developed. Variously modified, the pro pensity leads in some to the prudent accumulation of property by honest means; in others, to avaricious and purposeless money-making by any method ; in others, to theft or fraud. The seat of its organ is at the back part of the temples.
9. Constructirews is the faculty which leads to construction of all kinds: guided by it birds build their nests, rabbits burrow, heavers make their huts; and men are directed by it to manufactures, the practice of the several branches of the fine arts, building, and various manual operations. Its organ is situated at the lower part of the temple, at 9.
10. Self-esteem. Is the sentiment which gives an individual a high opinion of himself, which in excess produces pride and arrogance, and when moderato and modified by other superior faculties Imparts dignity to the mind, and renders it hostile to everything that Is mean or degrading. In a state of derangement the morbid excitement of this faculty leads the insane to imagine themselves exalted to thrones or to divinity. The seat of its organ is at the middle of the upper and back part of the head (10), directly above hillabitiveness (3), with which Dr. Gall (as already mentioned) confounded it.