The Nilbas are often smaller than the Fellahs, lean, with ugly limbs, but with graceful hands and feet. The color varies from a light brown to the Negro black; the hair is black, long, soft, closely curled; the beard scant; the features are similar to the second Berber type shown on Plate 105 (fig. 5). The hair of the Fundshes is similar; the color is dark brown to black; the nose straight or slightly aquiline, the lips, although not Negro-like, full, and consequently projecting (pl. m5, jig. 2). The Bisharis are described as of the same character, only their hair is more abundant and is often artistically arranged (p1. 9S, jig. 5). Their beards also are scant.
The Abyssinians show a double type: the one with oval face, curved, fine nose, somewhat full but not everted mouth, beautiful eyes (p1. 9S, jig. 3); the other more Negro-like, with thick lips, broad nose, and expressionless eyes 9S, fig. 2). The color varies between a brown ish-yellow and black, but does not differ according to the shapes of the faces; the hair is sometimes frizzy or even woolly (p1. 9S, Arr. 3), sometimes straight or wavy (pl. 9S, fig. 2); but there are innumerable intermediate forms. The hair also is not conditioned by the type of the face, for with Caucasian features woolly hair is found, and with more Negro-like faces (but in that case always oval) straight hair 9S, figs. 2, 3); the stature is medium, and the bodily construction among most tribes is good (p1. 98, fig. 4).
The Gallas answer the same description: the color varies from a wheat yellow to black; the build is good (pt. 96, fig. I); the hair black, long, straight, or frizzy to wavy; the face roundish; the nose flat and broad, rarely curved; the lips—especially in the middle—thick and projecting, a type which in different variations may be obsen-ed among the Danakil and the Somalis; and among the latter the Edurs as well as the Midsher thains, who belong to the Darrnds, present it. An almost pure Negro type is exhibited by the woman from Magadoxo (Mogedshu) also by the inhabitant of Merka or Menrka (O/. 92, fig. 19), which city is south of Magadoxo. The Wrakunfi (pl. 86, fig. 17) arc exactly like the Bantu people (comp. with the illus. of them 151. 88, fig. 2; /5/. 92, fig. 19). The Ear woman (pl ror, fig% r) exhibits long, straight hair, together with a broad nose and thick month, while, on the contrary, Figure 3 ior) (Gulf of Aden) and Figure 5 (pi. ro2) (south of Cape Gardafui) show a Jewish nose with thick lips. The high, somewhat retreating, and
narrow forehead is peculiar to all. Figure 2 (fi/. Ioo) illustrates the good stature, the various construction of hair, and the conical form of the female breast.
Physical Characteristics of the Asiatic Sonitcs.—Passing into Asia, we see the Arabians with oval face, vaulted forehead, straight or curved nose, thin not projecting lips, retreating chin; the hair, where it is not shaved, straight, wavy, or curly, worn in various manners (pl. 104, fics. 4-7). Their color is a pale yellow, like that of South Europeans, brown and black; their figure is lean; their hands and feet are often small and graceful; their beard is abundantly developed (pl. roa, figs. I, 3, 8, II, 12). The African Arabs are often perfectly black, and fleshier than the Arabs in Asia, and everywhere the Arabians (also the Berbers) deem fatness a necessary requi site of female beauty. Of course there are numerous variations of this pre vailing type: the inhabitants of the mountains are mostly of a light color; the tribes of the interior of Yemen have thick lips, etc. It is a fact of great importance that the Arabian tribes which have preserved the most ancient type, the Achdam and Shunmrs, have a blackish skin (lighter than the Somalis); a very large mouth, together with thin lips; a broad, not flat nose; and frizzled long hair—thus varying not inconsiderably from the type of the Arabs.
The Assyrian type, as it has come down to us on old representations in Nineveh, shows, with a vigorously-developed body, great similarity to the Jewish features (comp. /5/. To3,A(T. 5, with pi. ro6,fig. a), only the hair is more developed; it falls in long and heavy curls to the neck of the men, and the beard reaches to the breast in locks.
The original tvpc of the Jews has been remarkably modified in various countries by climatic and other influences, and in accordance with the types prevailing in the regions where they arc domiciled; but in Yemen and in other Asiatic regions the original type been largely retained (Maltzan). The color of the Jews is a very light brown, always lighter than that of the Arabs, and in Syria and Arabia a faint, sickly white. The mountain-inhabitants of Syria are also of a very light though healthy color, with gray or blue eyes (which are also found among inhabitants of the mountains of Arabia and the Kabyles of the Atlas), and frequently with a reddish beard.