plates give all necessary information about dress. It varied according to the islands, being most abundant on Tahiti, where a long strip of stuff was twined about the hips, and a sort of cloak, some times only a coarsely-woven mat (pl. r8,fig. 3), was worn on the shoulders. Festivities demanded particular adornment, and there were special cos tumes for female dancers (pl. 18, fig. 9) and for warriors. In New Zealand cloaks of fur were frequently worn (pl. 2o, fig. 13), and the Hawaiian chiefs had precious cloaks made of plumes; frequently the people went entirely naked, especially when at work. The Micronesians for the most part wore only an apron of ravelled leaves (pl. 14, fig. 5; fii. r6, fig. 3), but sometimes over-garments resembling shirts (ol. 14, fig. 4; pl. 16, fig. 5). The material, which they dyed in gay but not very durable colors, was made of the bark of trees beaten by peculiar flails (p1. 16, fig. I I), the four sides of which sometimes had different carvings. The single pieces were pasted together, and the coarser strips sewed (needle, pl. frg. to); of the latter sails, bed-matting, and wall-mats were made.
is almost everywhere very simple (pl. 14, fig. 4; pi. 15, fig. 6; pl. r6, fig. 5). Artistic huts were woven in some of the Caroline Islands (pl. 14, fig. 3); on Nukahiva, of the Marquesas group, all houses had stone foundations. There were villages everywhere, each with its assembly-hall, sometimes very large (pl. 2o, fir. 14), and fre quently with an open place before it (pl. 15, fig. 6). Within, the houses were strewn with mats, which served as seats and beds (pl. 14, 1). In sonic places the women carried such mats fastened to their belts (fl. 14, fig. 1). Otherwise, the furniture was very simple (pl. i6, fig. 6; pl. 17, Jigs. 6, 8, to). Stone structures were also found. Strange half-subterranean painted chambers were discovered in the Wailm Mountains, and the still more wonderful ruins of Ponapi, of the Caroline group, were formed of concrete walls of gigantic structure, with interjacent platforms, from which descent was had to subterranean chambers (i51. 15, fig. 4). In our illustration, A indicates the outer wall, 25 feet high, 6-to feet thick, the longer side 236 feet long and the other 162 feet; B is the inner platform, which is lower at M and M; represents the subterranean chambers; 0, 0 those which were not measured; C is the inner wall, 14 feet high, 6 feet thick, and 95 feet long; D, the inner platform; E, broad steps of a high pyramidal structure over one of the chambers; K, L, entrances; H, an opening in the wall. On the Marianne group (fl. i6, fig. 1) are found ruins of the old stone pillars on which cane houses were erected. Also in Oceanica these houses were formerly sometimes built on pillars or piles (comp. pl. 13, jig. 5).
Technical Skill.-The Polynesians and Micronesians are especially skil ful at sea. Their larger vessels almost invariably have outriggers, but not the smaller craft, which are made from hollowed tree trunks (p1. rj,fig. 7).
The catamaran or double-boat form is largely in use (p1. 17,fig. II; p1. IS, fig. to). The keel of the larger vessels consists of one or more logs, to which the planks are fastened by cocoa-fibres. The sails are almost always triangular. There are different kinds of vessels-pleasure-boats with a platform deck (p1. 17, fig. II), freight-vessels (p1. 18, fig. to), pas senger-boats (p1. 14, fig. 2; p1. 15, figs. I, 3; pl. 19, fig. 5), fishing-skiffs (p1. 17, fig. 7), and war-ships-for they even indulge in sea-fighting some of which are 3o feet long, and in New Zealand, for instance, skil fully carved and decorated (fl. 20, fig. is.) The standing figures in the last-named illustration are the singers, who by means of peculiar songs keep time for the rowers. The oars are long and pointed (pi. jig. II; pl 19, fig. 5; pl. 20, fig. 15).
These people were exceedingly skilful in carving, especially the Maoris of New Zealand. They had finely-carved boxes (pl. 20, fig. 7) and very pretty door-ornaments (p1. 20, fig. 2), and their weapons and utensils were alike decorated. Their arms consisted of clubs (p1. 17, fig. 2; p1. 20, figs. 3, 4, 5, to), among which those made of nephrite (p1. 20, fig. 4) were especially valuable; different spears (p1. 17, fig. 3), wooden swords (p1. 14, fig. 6; pl. 16, fig. 7), hatchets (p1. 20, fig. 13), daggers, and slings. Stone hatchets with wooden handles (p1. 16, fig. 8), etc. were generally used by them at their work. Handsome plaited work (pl. fig. to), fans (p1. 19, fig. 6), carved gourds, etc., were in common use; while the wooden vessel on Plate 14 (fig. 8), which represents a bird and was carved in Micronesia, deserves men tion, as it is of unusually fine workmanship.
/Wiry, Music, Gaines, and Festivals.-As the Polynesians had many games (stilts, on Nukahiva, fik 19, fig. S ; swings, pi. 20, fig. 6 ; kites, checkers, ball-playing, etc.), so were they also susceptible to poetry. The epic poetry of the Maoris is very remarkable; there is no lack of pretty lyric effusions, of rich sententious poetry, even of traces of mimic representation, and also a certain eloquence cannot be denied them. They had many musical instnnents-drums (pl. 16, figs. 4, 5), shell trumpets (pl. 14, fig. 5), flutes, single and double, which were in part played with the nose (p1. IS, fig. 3), and long pieces of bamboo, which were sounded by striking (p1. 17, fig. I). There was no dance without music, no festival without dancing ; they danced throughout entire nights, generally in crowds, all making the same movements (pl. 17, fig. t). They had numerous feasts, at which the cava-liquor and the ceremonies connected with its drinking played a prominent part. They were not wanting in ceremonies and in forms of etiquette, especially toward individuals of rank, whom they considered sacred.