scit in German is like sh in shun; in Italian and Rumanian, before e or i, like sk in skin; in Dutch before vowels. except obscure e, like SG (see below), otherwise like .s.
sG in Dutch is s followed by the guttural g of Dutch, resembling sk in English.
sr if Dutch, Swedish, and Danish is like sh in shun.
Ss is like sh in shun in Swedish and Nor wegian before c. i, or p.
SE3 in Swedish and Norwegian is nearly as sh in shun.
ss in Hungarian is a strong sh in shun; but elsewhere indicates a surd s, single or doubled, as in German, Dutch, etc.; in Italian it is sometimes equal to as. sometimes to zz.
ssz in Hungarian is a prolonged s sound.
STJ in Swedish is nearly as sh in shun.
sz in Hungarian is as s in sin; in Polish as sh in shun.
T after n in modern Greek is as d.
T in Rumanian is as is in pits.
TII in modern Greek ( ), Welsh, and Icelandic is like th in thin; otherwise like t, or th in thyme, in all the modern European languages.
Tscit in German is as eh in church. TY in Hungarian. See y, below. TZ is as is in pits.
u is usually as in rule (76) or put (n). In French and in open syllables in Dutch it sounds somewhat like u in put. The correct sound may be approximated by attempting to pronounce with the lips in the position for pronouncing 50. In Welsh u is like i in niadiinc; in Rumanian it is usually silent when final.
ii (sometimes printed ur in German and Turk ish) is like u in French. See above.
tE, except when representing ii, usually com bines the sound of n and e, more or less closely joined in pronunciation.
II in French is much like Eng. we (but see Qu, above) ; in Dutch nearly as of in boil.
in French are nearly as e in her, nasal ized ; in Portuguese as Portuguese u, nasalized.
See above.
ru in Dutch is Dutch u prolonged.
T:Y in French is like ut (see above), except before a vowel, when it is like ti followed by y as in you.
v in German, Dutch, and the Slavic languages (Russian, Polish, etc.) is as f in fin when final in a word, or (usually) in a corresponding part of a compound; otherwise as r in rine.
w in German, Swedish, Norwegian. and Pol ish is like v in rine: in Dutch it is like a iv made without rounding the lips; in Welsh it is usually as on in food.
X in modern Spanish is usually as x in fox; sometimes it is as 3 or G. I See G, above.) In colonial Spanish, especially Mexican. and in some dialects in Spain, it often is as s in sin. In Port uguese x has the sound of sh in English.
is generally like i in aoachinc. In Danish. Swedish, and Norwegian it is like Prench u; yin and pn in French are like im and in.
Z is as is in hats in German: in Swedish. Danish. and Norwegian, like s (see above) ; in Spanish like th in thin. but in American Spanish and in sonic dialects in Strain like a in sin; in Italian like 1s. or d7 las i m English adze) or sometimes nearly is i1s:. bnglish in guese.-when fir I. like ;. in shun. Otherwise it is usually in saes as in Dutch, Polish. n1:111. et in is s in azure.
in Bohemian, Bulgarian, Croatian, and SET viral is like z in azure, or. when final, like sik in fi in Polish is a softened z, much like (zh). is in 1[1111g:1H:1n is like z in azure.