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New International Encyclopedia, Volume 7

Of Tue New Testament
Of Tue New Testament. To The Jewish Scriptures Were Gradually Added By The Post-apostolic Church The Distinctive Writ Ings Of The Apostolic Age, As Of The Same Author Itative Inspiration As The Older Writings, And, Consequently, Open Equally With Them To The Study And The Practice Of The Church. The ...

Oliver 1745 1807 Ellsworth
Ellsworth, Oliver ( 1745-1807 ) . An American Statesman And Jurist, Chief Justice Of The Supreme Court Of The United States From 1796 To 1800. He Was Born At Windsor, Conn., And Studied At Both Yale And Princeton, Graduat Ing At The Latter Institution In )766. He Was Admitted To ...

Oliver 1755 1819 Evans
Evans, Oliver (1755-1819). An American Inventor. Ile Was Born At Newport, Del., And In His Early Youth Was Apprenticed To A Wheel Wright, Thus Being Afforded An Opportunity Of Displaying Uncommon Inventive Genius. When Twenty-two Years Of Age He Invented A Machine For Making The Wire Card-teeth Used In Carding ...

Origin Nd
Origin \ Nd Istoviv. Critics Do Not Agree As To The Origin Of The Etruscans. One School Makes Them Come By Land Across The Rhoetian Alps, With Their Earliest Settlement In The North And Inland. A Second Sehool Believes Them To Have Come By Sea. Iterodotus Believed Them To Be ...

Origin And Structure Of
Origin And Structure Of Feathers. For The Probable Origin Of Plumage As A Characteristic And Essential Element In The Class Of Birds, And Its Influence On Their Evolutionary Ment, See Bird. In The Individual Birds, As Now Known, The First Sign Of Feathers Appears In The Embryo, About The Fifth ...

Ovum Stage
Ovum Stage. There Are 110 Observations On Normal Ova Of The First Nine Or Ten Days. It Is Evident From The Material Of The Later Part Of The Ovum Stage That There Is An Early And Pre Cocious Development Of The Chorion And Villi. T H C Youngest Known 110 ...

P Esther
Esther, P,00k Or. One Of The Very Latest Of The Canonical Books Of The Old Testament, Be Longing To The Third Division Of The Collection Known As The Hagiographa. It Contains The Story Of The Deliverance Of The Jews Of Persja From A Destruetion Planned For Them By Haman, The ...

Pall Johann Ansel11 Feuerbach
Feuerbach, Pall Johann Ansel11, Von (1775-1833). One Of The Most Distinguished Jurists Of Germany. He Was Born At Jena, November 14, 1775. Brought Up At Frankfo•t-on The-main, Where His Father Was An Advocate, And Educated In The Gymnasium There, He Went In 17 92 To Jena, Where He Studied Law ...

Peoples Of Europe
Europe, Peoples Of. All Europeans Belong To The White Or Caucasian And The Yellow Or Mongoloid Va•kties Of Man. Throughout Historic Time Europe Has Been A Meeting-ground Of Races, Differing From Each Other In Complexion. Stature, Physical Features, Temperament, Language, Occu• Pat Ion, Social Organization. Government, Opinion, And Religion. In ...

Physical Environment
Physical Environment. By The Terms En Vironment, Surroundings, Conditions Of Life, Or Medium (milieu) Is Meant The Nature Or Natural Condition Of Any Region Or Area Of The Earth's Surface. It Is The Milieu Ambiant—the Monde Ambient Of Geoffrey St. Hilaire. Life Consists Of Constant Reactions And Readjustments To The ...

Physical Examination
Examination, Physical. In Legal Pro Ceedings, The Medical Or Surgical Examination Of A Living Person By Judicial Order Or As A !sift Of Legal Proceedings To Determine The Existence Or The Nature Of A Physical Injury Alleged To Exist, Or Of A Physiological Condition Upon Which The Rights Of A ...

Physiolb4y
Physiolb(4y. Liaving Described The Anatom Ical Structure Cf The Eye, We Are Able To Pro Ceed To The Consideration Of The Uses Of The Va Rion, Parts Of This Organ. Assuming A General Knowledge Of The Ordinary Laws Of Geometriva I Optics (see Light; Lens; Etc. I We Will Trace ...

Polymorphism
Polymorphism. It Now Appears That The Poly Morphism Of The Social Insects Is Due To The Nature And Amount Of Food. The Existence Of Worker Ants And Bees, Whose Characteristics Arc Not Inherited From Their Parents, Has Been A Stumbling-block To The Theory Of Descent. As Darwin States It: "the ...

Population
Population. England, With 0104 Inhabit Ants To The Square Mile, Is The Most Densely Popu Lated Country In The World. The Population Increased From 11,281,883 In 1821. To 27.483,-490 In 1891 And To 30,805,466 In 1001, In The Lat Ter Year Constituting 74.3 Per Cent. Of The Popula Tion Of ...

Preventive Activity
Preventive Activity Of Insurance Compa Nies. While A Part Of The Animal Loss By Fire Lutist Be Charged Against The System Of Insurance. Insur Ance Companies Must. On The Other Hand. Be Cred Ited With A Large Share Of The Responsibility For The Discovery And Application Of Methods For Preventing ...

Primitive Fire
Fire, Primitive. The Conception Of Early Man As A Fireless Animal Has Been Entertained From Remote Times, And The Prevalence Of This Idea In Origin-mythy Seems To Present A Real Sur Vival In Lore From The Primitive Period. This Great Body Of Lore With Attendant Customs Points Out The Stages ...

Public Expenditure
Public Expenditure. It Is Through The Expen Diture Of Public Money That The State Works In All Of Its Activities, And It Is The First Duty Of The Science Of Finance To Determine Their Nature And Scope. Finance Accepts Public Expenditures As A Fact. It Is Not Concerned With Justifying ...

Public Revenue
Public Revenue. The Revenues Of The State Are Chiefly Derived From Taxation, But This Is Not The Exclusive Source Of Income. Omitting Minor Or Casual Sources Of Income, Such As Fines And Gifts, The State Derives A Revenue From The Management Of Its Own Property, From Its Industrial Activi Ties, ...

Quintus Bc Ennius
En'nius, Quintus ( B.c. 239-c.160 ) . An Curly Roman Poet, The Father Of The Roman Epos. Ile Was Born At Ruiliac, In Calabria, And Was Probably Of Creek Extraction. He Is Said To Have Served In The Wars, And To Have Risen To The Rank Of A Centurion. In ...

Reaction And Revolution 1815 52
Reaction And Revolution (1815-52). The Pur Pose Of The Congress Of Vienna Was To Reestablish Legitimate Monarchic Authority. To Maintain This Authority And To Resist All Revolutionary Movements, An Alliance Was Formed By The Em Perors Of Russia And Austria And The King Of Prussia. (see Holy Alliance.) Of This ...

Relation Of Size And
Relation Of Size And Weight To Flight. It Is An Interesting Question Whether Or Not Tho Ani Mals That Fly Represent The Limits Of Size And Weight Attainable By Living Creatures. The Al Batross, Condor, Swan, And Pterodactyl Represent The Maximum Of Weight, But These Range Only From 15 To ...

Relation Of Tile Government
Relation Of Tile Government To Em Igra Tion. The Attitude Of The State Toward Emigra Tion Has Been Influenced Not So Much By Economic Considerations As By Political And Sentimental Motives. It Has Ranged From Positive Encourage Ment To Absolute Indifference And Positive Opposi Tion. The Attitude Of Governments Has ...

Reproduction
Reproduction. The Flies Forum A Very Large Group, Eomprising More Than .i0,000 Described Species, And In 11111111)cr Of Individuals It Is Un Excelled By Any Other Group Of Insects Front The Prolificacy And Rapid Breeding Of The Many Forms. Some Curious Biological Phenomena Occur In This Group. In A Great ...

Revenues Of The United
Revenues Of The United States. In Modern Nations Taxation Greatly Overshadows All Other Sources Of Revenue. This Is Brought Out In A Detailed Statement Of The Revenue The Cnited States For The 'kcal Ing June 30, 1901, In Which The Sources Of Income Are Arranged, No Far As By Classes. ...

Richard Fitzralph
Fitzralph', Richard (?-1360). An Eng Lish Prelate, Champion Of The Secular Clergy Against The Mendicant Friars. He Was Born At Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland, And Educated At Oxford, Where He Became Fellow Of Balliol Col Lege, And Chancellor In 1333. The Following Year He Was Made Chancellor Of Lincoln Cathedral, ...

Right Of Entry
Entry, Right Of. In The Common Law, The Right To Consummate An Inchoate Or Incomplete Title To Land By Taking Possession Thereof. This Right Is In Legal Theory Coextensive With The Right Of Possession, Hut It Carries With It The Implication That Such Possession Is Wrongfully Withheld Or, At Least, ...

Robert 1778 1803 Ewmet
Ewmet, Robert (1778-1803). An Irish Pa Triot And Orator. The Third And Youngest Son Of Dr. Robert Emmet, An Irish State Physician, He Was Born In Dublin. After Education At Private Schools, He Became A Distinguished Prize-winner At Trinity College, Dublin, And An Eloquent Mem Ber Of The Historical Society. ...

Robert Essex
Essex, Robert Deverer X, Second Earl Of (1567-i601). An English Court Favorite And Statesman. Lie Was Horn At Netherwood. Here Fordshire. Entering Trinity College, Cambridge, In 1579. He Was Given The Degree Of M.a. In 15si, And Three Years His Guardian. Lord Burghley, Introduced Him At Court, Where He Be ...

Roman Civilization
Roman Civilization. Inferior To The Greeks In Alertness Of Mind And In Versatility, But Superior In Poise And In Judgment, The Romans Slowly' De Veloped A Civilization Of A Higher Type In Matters Of Government And Law. They First Devised A Work Ing Combination Of Power And Freedom. In The ...

Rule Of Faith
Faith, Rule Of. That Which Determines What Man Is To Believe Eoncerning His Origin, Duty, And Destiny. (i) Alany Persons, Denying Either The Possibility Or The Fact Of A Supernatural Revelation. Maintain That Human Reason Alone, As Possessed By All Persons Of Sound Mind, Is Both The Source And Ground ...

Salt Water
Salt-water Fisu. The Blue Perch, Nibbler, Ehog,set, Salt-water Perch, Or Burgall, Names Fre Quently Applied To The Runner, Is Found In Great Abundance Along The Coast. It Is Easily Caught With But Light Tackle And Almost Any Kind Of Bait, Although Clam Bait Seems To Have A Special Attraction For ...

Sculpture
Sculpture. Is Different With Sculpture. In Character Etruscan Sculpture Lacks Beauty Of Style, Poetry, And Imagination. It Is Essentially Utilitarian And Material. Stone, Bronze, And Terra-cotta Were Used At A Very Early Date. It Is Either In The Tombs, As At Vetulonia, Or Above Them That The Early Stone Sculptures ...

Seasonal Dimorhism
Seasonal Dimorhism. Ordinary Sexual Di Is Where There Are Own Forms Of One Sex, The Cause Of Such A Modification Being Un Known. In Seasonal Dimorphism, However, The Cause Is Due To Changes Of Temperature. By Subjecting The Chrysalids Of Lowland Butter Flies To Prolonged Cold In Ice-chests Weisman!' Proved ...

Sect Agency
Sect Agency. Having Seen That Insects Have Been Highly Modified In Various Ways By The Use And Disuse Of Organs. While Seeking Pollen And Nectar, We May Now Inquire Into The Result Of Such Visits Or Stimuli Upon The Flowers Them Sel•es. Many Facts And Ingenious Suggestions Have Been Made ...

Self
Self- Insurance. Many Pieces Of Prop E•ty So Situated As To Constitute Separate Risks Are Owned By A Single Individual Or Corporation. Proprietor Sometimes Finds It Cheaper To 'carry His Own Insurance' Than To Have Recourse To An Insurance Company. When A Corporation Adopts This Plan Of Self-insurance, It Usually ...

Sense Organs
Sense Organs. Unequally Scattered Over The Body Of Fishes There Are The So-called 'end Buds'— Modifications Of The Epidermis. In Structure These Sense Organs Largely Resemble Taste Buds, Which In The Vertebrates Above Fishes Are Re Stricted To The Mouth-eavity. In Fishes These `end Buds' Are Probably Also Taste Organs, ...

Sextus Pompeiis Festus
Festus, Sextus Pompeii:s. A Latin Lexi Cographer Of The Second Century Of Our Era, And One Of The Most Important Ancient Authorities We Have On The Latin Language. He Made An Epitome Of The Great Work Of Verrius Flaccus, De Verborurn Significatu. This Compilation, Which Was Arranged Alphabetically In Twenty ...

Sinking Fund
Sinking Fund. Provision For The Payment Of Public Debt Is Sometimes Made By The Establish Ing Of A Sinking Fund. A Sinking Fund Contem Plates The Gradual Extinction Of A Debt, Provided By The Law Authorizing The Debt, And While It Has Been Discarded In The Practice Of The More ...

Situation And Topography
Situation And Topography. From Its Beau Tiful Situation At The Foot Of The Apennines, In A Valley Bordered With Gently Sloping Hills, Cov Ered With Olive Groves, Orchards, And Vineyards, And Crowned With Pines, It Has Derived The Title Firenze La Bella (florence The Beautiful). The Surrounding Country, Dotted Up ...

Skeleton
Skeleton. The Skeleton Of Fishes Consists Of The Skull With Its Visceral Skeleton; The Vertebral Axis With Its Processes; The Pelvic And Pectoral Girdles; And The Supporting Elements Of The Various Fins. This In The Lower Cartilaginous Fishes Consists Only Of Cartilage, No True Bones Being Present. The Skull, Which ...

Smokeless Powders
Smokeless Powders Represent The Latest De Velopment Of Explosives Containing Guncotton, And Consist Chiefly Of Either A Guncotton Which, By The Aid Of A Solvent, Has Been Converted Into A Colloid Mass Which. When Dried. Is A Hard Horn Like Material, Which May Then Be Formed Into Flakes Or Cords. ...

Social Environment
Social Environment. All Geographical Feat Ures—the Configuration Of The Laud And Water, The Climate, Above All The Food Supply And I He Various Products (animal, Vegetable, Or Mineral) Which Can Be Used For Various Purposes Of Civilization, Constitute The Phys Ical Environment. Of The Earliest Men Those \vim Were Best ...

Soclal Evolution
Soclal Evolution. Up To A Certain Stage Of De Velopment—that Of The Lowest Savagery—the Evo Lution Of Man Was Due To The Action Of The Same Transforming Factors As Affected Lower Organic Life. The Struggle For Life, For Food, For Place, For Preeminence, Was, However, Stronger In The Human Species ...

Sources
Sources Or Energy; Natter; Etiier. Of The Ultimate Nature Of Energ,y, Like That Of Matter, We Are Ignorant; Nor Do We Know Of Energy By Direct Observation, Except As Associated With Mat Ter. It Is The Change Of Energy, Either As To Quantity Or Form, That Is Scrutinized And Meas• ...

Sprengel Explosives Or Panclastites
Sprengel Explosives Or Panclastites. In 1s73 Dr. Hermann Sprengel Described A Class Of Explosives Consisting Of Two Inexplosive Ingredi Ents, Which. When Mixed Together. Yielded A Com Pound Callable Of Violent Detonation. The Safety With Which Such Explosives Could He Transported To The Place Of Action Led To Their Study ...

Stephen Johnson 1816 99 Field
Field, Stephen Johnson (1816-99). A Dis Tinguished American Judge, Born In Itaddam, Conn., In 1816. He Was The Second Son Of The Rev. David D. Field, D.d., And A Brother Of The Eminent Jurist And Law-refo•mer, David Dudley Field. A Younger Brother Was Cyrus W. Field, To Whose Energy And ...

Summary And Conclusion
Summary And Conclusion. Life Appears To Have Been A Necessary And Inevitable Result Of Inorganic Or Cosmic Evolution. It Came Into Be Ing On Our Planet In The Most Natural Way As Soon As The Temperature Of The Originally Super Heated Planetary Mass Became Sufficiently Low Ered, And The Gaseous ...

Surface And Hydrography
Surface And Hydrography. The Coastal Lands Are Low, Monotonously Level, And Often Marshy. The Grassy Everglades And The Big Cypress Swamp Cover A Large Portion Of The Peninsula South Of Lake Okeechobee, And There Are Large Areas Of Swampland In The Northern Part, Espe Cially Along The Lower Course Of ...

Switzerland
Switzerland For _several Years Has Been Pre Paring A New System Of Field Artillery. The Gun Recently Adopted, Already Described, Is One Of The Most Powerful And Modern Weapons In The World. In 1001 There Were Added To The Army One Machine-gun Company To Each Cavalry Brigade. Each Machine-gun Company ...

Technique The Risk
Technique. The Risk. The Proper Business Of Insurance Companies Is Not The Prevention Of Loss By Fire, But The Assumption Of Risk. Througn An Insurance Polity The Risk To Which The Prop Erty Of The Insured Is Exposed Is Assumed By The Insuring Company. Insurance In Itself May Have 110 ...

The Causes Of Development
The Causes Of Development. These Are Diffi Cult To Discover. In The Eighteenth Century The Idea Prevailed That Development Consisted Merely In The Unfolding Or Growing Larger Of A Minute Individual, Preformed In The Egg Or Sperm-cell, Likewise It Was Assumed That A New Generation Lay In The Ovary Of ...

The Court Of Exchequer
The Court Of Exchequer Chamber Was Formerly A Court Of All The Judges In England As Sembled For Decision Of Matters Of Law. Orig Inally Established In The Reign Of Edward Iii., For The Purpose Of Reviewing The Decisions Of The Common-law Side Of The Court Of Exchequer, It Developed ...

The Decay Of Feudalism
The Decay Of Feudalism, Feudalism Was In Its Very Nature Anarchic. The Possession Of Mili Tary Power Was An Incitement To Its Use In The Settlement Of Private Feuds; The Imperfect Sub Jection Of Vassals Only Slightly Less Powerful Than Their Lords Led To Frequent Resistance On Their Part ; ...

The Feudal System
The Feudal System. About The Thirteenth Century A Number Of Treatises Or Codifications Of Feudal Law And Customs Were Drawn Up, Such As That Of Beaumanior And Other Similar Cott T Umbers In France, The Sachrenspicgcl And Schlrabenspienel In Germany, And The Libri Fey Dorum, In Italy. The Appearance Of ...

The Frankish Empire And
The Frankish Empire And The Papacy. The Great German-gallic Kingdom Which The Franks Had Built Up In The Fifth And Sixth Centuries Was Threatened, In The Seventh Century, With Dissolu Tion. The Royal Power Was Hereditaiy, But All The Sons Of The King Had Equal Rights Of Inheri Tance. The ...

The Heat Of Evaporation
The Heat Of Evaporation. The Temperature Of Pure Boiling Water Remains Constant; Yet Heat Must Be Continually Supplied To It In Order That Evaporation May Go ; The Heat Does Not Appear As Sensible Heat, But Is Required To Produce The Change Of State. The Heat Required To Convert One ...

The Mackerel
The Mackerel Is One Of The Most Valuable Food Fishes In The Atlantic, And Great Fisheries For It Are Carried On In Great Britain. Ireland, Norway, Canada, And The United States. Lines, Purse Seines, And Gill-nets Are The Principal Apparatus Used. The Most Important. Of The Several Species, The Common ...

The Origin Of Man
The Origin Of Man. The Proofs Of Man's Origin From Some Other Primate Is Now Strong. Anatomically He Presents No Absolute Differences From The Anthropoid Apes, Except In The Organs Of Speech. The Relative Differences Between Man And Apes Are Very Great, Though Chiefly Confined To The Capacity Of The ...

The Papacy And The
The Papacy And The Western Empire. Dur Ing These Centuries The Papacy, On Which Natural Ly Devolved The Leadership Of Christendom In The Warfare For The Cross. Attained Its Greatest Power. The Popes Made And Deposed Emperors And Kings, Accepted Whole Kingdoms As Fiefs Of The Church, And Exercised Jurisdiction ...

The Period Of Dynastic
The Period Of Dynastic Wars (1648-1763). From Westphalia To Utrecht International Rela Tions In Europe Were Dominated By The Aggres Sions Of France. Which, After Passing Through A Period Of Civil Disorder (see Faonde), Attained Under Louis Xiv. (q.v.) Such Power As To Threat En For A Time The Other ...

The Primitive Groove
The Primitive Groove. Embryonic Growth Be Gins By The Formation Of A Long Depression In The Middle Of The Germ-disk, Called 'primitive Groove' (fig. 15), Which Indicates The Region Where A Mod Ified Gastrulation Is Beginning; Also At The Hinder Edge Of This Disk A Depression Is Seen, And Cells ...

The Process Of Embroidery
The Process Of Embroidery. The Tools Of The Embroiderer Are The Simplest, Consisting Of Needles To Draw The Different Kinds And Sizes Of Thread Through The Work, A Frame In Which To Hold The Material (which May Be Omitted In Small Pieces Of Work). And The Scissors To Cut The ...

Theory Of Explosions
Theory Of Explosions. An Explosion May Be Defined As A Ehemical Reaction Which Is Effected In An Exceedingly Short Space Of Time With The Evo Lution Of A Large Quantity Of Gas At A High Temperature And Accompanied By A .shuck. When This Reaction Occurs In A Body Which Is ...

Tieligious Wars
Tieligious Wars. The Struggle Between France And Spain For Supremacy In Italy May Be Regard Ed As The Beginning Of The Modern Period Of Inter National Politics. The Reformation (q.v.), By Completing The Disintegration Of The Holy Roman Empire And Germany, Made This Country, Too, A Plaything For The Ambition ...

Tiie Agency System
Tiie Agency System. While Fire-insurance Com Panies Were Small And Their Activities Were Con Fined To Limited Areas, It Was Possible For All The Business Of Any One Of Them To Be Done Through A Single Office. With The Growth Of The Business And The Extension Of The Field Of ...

Tiie Burden Of Proof
Tiie Burden Of Proof. From The Nature Of Plead Ing And The Trial Of An Action At Law It Follows That Upon One Party Or The Other To The Controversy Rests The Burden Of Introducing Some Evidence In Order To Establish His Contention. The Burden Of Proof Is Said To ...

Tiie Retriever
Tiie Retriever. This Dog Is Most Useful When [he Birds Are Aquatic Or Are Such As Haunt Sloughs, From Which He Will Gather In The Killed Or Wounded With Unerring Nose. '['hare Are Main Ly Two Kinds, The English And The American, Or Chesapeake Bay Dog. The English Variety Has ...

Tiioias Erskine
Erskine, Tiio\ias, Lord (1750-1823). An Eminent Scottish Lawyer And Pleader. Ile Was Born In Edinburgh, January 21, 1750, The Young Est Son Of Ilenry David, The Tenth Earl Of Buehan, And Agnes. Second Daughter Of Sir James Stewart, Bart., Of Gmdtrees. Because Of The Straitened Circumstallees Of His Father, His ...

Or Erzeroum Erzerum
Erzerum, Or Erzeroum. The Capital Of The Vilayet Of The Same Name In Turkish Armenia, Situated On A Plain 0000 Feet Above The Level Of The Sea (slap: Turkey In Asia, J 3). There Are A Number Of Mosques, Baths, And Mausoleums. Its Fortifications Have Been Renewed Since Is64, And ...

Or Esterilczy Eszterhazy
Eszterhazy, Or Esterilczy, The Name Of An Ancient Noble Hungarian Family. Two Branches Of The Family, Zerhazy And Illy6s Iffizy, Appear As Early As 1288. The Latter Line Became Extinct I 838. The First Eszterlirtzy To Be Come Celebrated Was .nicuotas (1582-11;45), Palatine Of Hungary, An Ardent Supporter Of The ...

Or Ethelred
Ethelred, Or /ethelred, Il (c.968 1016). King Of The English From 978 To 1016, Known As The Unready. He Was The Son Of Edgar And Elfrida. In The Beginning Of His Reign He Showed Himself By No Means Slothful Or Incapable, The Surname 'unready' Referring To His Lack Of Retie ...

Or Fabri Faber
Fa'ber, Or Fabri, Jonannes (1478 1541). A Roman Catholic Bishop, Called The `hammer Of Heretics.' His Family Name Was Hei Gerlin, Which Lie Changed To Faber. He Was Horn At Leutkireh, Near Lake Constance, In 1478. He Studied Theology And Canon Law In Tiibingen And Freiburg In Breisgan, And Becana ...

Or Faustus Faust
Faust, Or Faus'tus, Johann (c.1455 E.1540). A German Charlatan, Astrologer, And Soothsayer, Supposed To Have Performed Marvels By The Aid Of The Devil, And To Have Been Car Ried Away By Him At His Death. Such Tales Made Their First Appearance In Literature As Historic S-on Dr. Johann Pausten At ...

Or Field Sports
Field-sports, Or Tn.tcg Athletics. The Various Sports And Competitions; Praetieed In The Open Air (usually On A Prepared Track Or Course), And Included Under The General Description Of Field Sports, Are Principally As Follows: Tine Hand Issl Yards 'lash (100 Yards Flash) Two Inquired Rnul Ta•ity Yards Dash Mo P11 ...

Or Fieschi Fiesco
Fiesco, Or Fieschi, Ft-iss/k,'_•, Giovannt Lt.unt, Count Of Lavagna (e, 1523-47). The Head Of A Conspiracy Against Andrea Doria. He Was Born About 1523, And Was A Member Of One Of The Oldest And Most Illustrious Houses Of Genoa. In Organizing And Planning His Famous Plot He Seems To Have ...

Or Fluke Worm Fluke
Fluke, Or Fluke-worm. The Popular Name Of Various Trematode Worms. Especially Those Which Live Endoparasitieally. The Name Liver Fluke Is Especially Applied To Distomum Heputi Runt, Which Is Common In The Liver And Biliary Duets Of Ruminants. Particularly Of Sheep, In Which It Produces The Disease Called Rot, Often Causing ...

Or Form Figure
Figure, Or Form (lat. Figura, From Fin (fere, To Fashion, To Feign; With Gk. 01)76urtv, Thinyanein, To Touch, Skt. Dill, To Smear, Moth. Deiyan, To Knead, Om:. Teie, Ger. Teig, Icel. Deig, As. Dab, Eng. Dough). Percep Tion Or. The Spatial Attribute Extension (q.v.) Is Ascribed Only To Certain Classes ...

Or Jeiiovist Elohist And
El'ohist And Yahwist, Or Jeiiovist. Terms Adopted By Certain Modern Biblical Schol Ars To Denote The Authors Of Two Literary Works Which They Believe To Have Been Used As His Torical Sources In The Composition Of The Penta Teuch As We Have It, And To Have Been Embodied In It. ...

Or Mongibello Etna
Etna, Or Mongibello, Mon'j6-bi•it, (lat. _etna). The Largest Active Volcano In Europe. It Is An Isolated Mountain On The Past • Ern Coast Of Sicily Near The City Of Catania. It Is Cut Off From The Surrounding Mountains On The North By The Valley Of The Alcantara And On The ...

Or Pear Blight Fire Blight
Fire-blight, Or Pear-blight. One Of The Most Destructive Diseases Of Pears, Apples, And Other Pomaceous Fruits. While Not As Regu Lar In Its Attack As Some Other Plant Diseases, No Other Is More Destructive When It Does Appear. Fire-blight Is A Contagious Bacterial Disease Due To Mieroeoecus Amylovorns, Which Gains ...

Or Thoroughbass Figuredbass
Figured Bass, Or Thoroughbass. A System Of Musical Notation In Which Words Are Denoted By Placing Figures Over The Bass Note. It Was First Used In Italy During The Latter Part Of The Sixteenth Century. The Original Object Was To Furnish The Organist With A Simple Means Of Recognizing At ...

Or Virk Anniiiiia Tor Fire Extinguisher
Fire-extinguisher, Or Virk-anniiiii.a Tor. .1n Apparatus By Means Of Wide!' Lire May He Extimmished, Usually By Pouring On It Water Charged With Some Gas That Is Incapable Of Sup Porting Combustion, Especially 1.arhonie Acid Gas (q.v•). An Extinguisher Of This Eharaeter Was Originally Brought Into Successful Use In Lon Dim ...

Or By Conduct 3
(3) Pais, Or By Conduct. At Present, This Is By Far The Most Extensive Of The Three Classes Of Estoppel, Although In Lord Coke's Time It Was Limited To Estates In Land Acquired By Livery Of Seisin, By Entry, By Acceptance Of Rent, And By Acceptance Of An Estate. Estoppels ...

The Federalist
Federalist, The. A Series Of Essays Is Sued In 1787 And 1788 In Favor Of The Adop Tion Of The Proposed Federal Constitution For The United States. The Constitutional Con Vention At Philadelphia Adjourned September 17, 1787; The Text Of The New Constitution Was First Published In New York On ...

The Five Members
Five Members, The. After The Presenta Tion Of The Grand Remonstrance (q.v.), Charles 1. Resolved To Take Vengeance On The Leaders Of The Parliamentary Opposition. The Bold Cour-e Subsequently Taken By Them, Notably The Im Peachment Of The Bishops And The Supposed Inten Tion To Impeach The Queen, Fixed Him ...