'VINEYARD. The cultivation of vineyards has always occupied the attention of man from the earliest ages, and the grape has become one of the most celebrated fruits in history both from its product in wine, and from the value of its fruit in a sanitary point of view and as a dessert fruit. In the article Grape, we have given space to the cultivation of the grape with special reference to the value of the fruit as a market crop. In the article Wine, the manufacture of the juice is treated of. The home vineyard may be managed in the most simple manner. The commercial vineyard must be managed with scientific accuracy, to prevent loss in cultiva tion, pruning, gather ing and marketing. In the home vineyard there can not be much choice of location. It must be near the house, for ex peditious use, or the thought of a vineyard {oust be abandoned. In a commercial vineyard a site must be selected that will present the best conditions of soil, exposure, and facilities for marketing. At the home vineyard, the training and pruning may be pretty much to suit the whim of the cultivator. The trellis for particu lar reasons, being generally adopted, notwith standing it has been time and again demonstrated that the simple system of training to poles is not only cheapest but also the best, though it must be confessed that if sufficient care be exercised, great crops may be grown either in the commer cial or Lome vineyard upon trellises. The cut given will show the manner of training. In this 'article it will not again be necessary to go into the systems of cultivation. There are works extant that would fill a large library upon grape culture, and manuals devoted to each separate branch of the business, and also to the cultivation of special varieties. We shall, therefore, content ourselves, here, -with a view, taken from United States statistics, showing the status of grape cul ture in the several States of the Union, embrac ing varieties popular as table fruit; wine grapes ; varieties principally grown; those giving the heaviest must on the sugar scale; varieties most subject to rot; effect of shelter to prevent mildew; effect of soil in reference to rot in berry; soils chemically considered most favorable to health and perfection of fruit; effect of drainage, etc.
To prevent confusion and as a means of separat ing the titles, they are presented in the form of questions and answers; varieties named being in order according to their estimated value: What varieties are most popular as table fruit? Arkan sas: Catawba, Delaware. Connecticut : Concord, Dela ware. Delaware: Concord. Herbetno..t, Scup pernong. 111 nols: Concord, Delaware, Catawba, Iona, Hartiltrd 1'101111c, Isabella, Diana. Indians: Concord, Catawba, Delaware, Hartford Prolific, Isabella, Diana. Iowa: oncord. Delaware, Hartford Prolific, Clinton, Creveling. Kentucky: Concord. Ives. Delaware. Kansas: Delaware Miseouri: Concord, Catawba. Dttlav•are, Hart ford Prolific. Isabella. Diana, Iona. Minnesota: Dela ware. Michigan: Concord, Delaware. Massachusetts: Concord, Delaware. New J ersey : Concord. Isabella, Del aa are. North Ca olina: Seuppernotig, Catawba. New 1 ork: Delaware, Iona, Ca tawba, I-abella, Concord, bolero, Diana. A dlrowlsc, Prolific, Rebecca, t n3 . Con.
Cutup Ito, Delaware, 1-at.ella, Iona, Roger s No. 15. Pennsylvania: Concord, Iaabella, Catawba, Iona, Hartford Prolific, Diana, israella. South Carolina: Scuppernong, Catawba, Isabella, Lenoir. Tennessee: Catawba, Isabella, Concord.
What varieties are in highest repute as wine grapes? Connecticut Delaware, Concord. (.eutgia: Scappernoag.• Illinois: Concord, Norton's Virginia, Catawb , Clinton, Delaware, Ives, lona, Hartford Pt olific Herbemont. In diana: Catawba, Delaware, lve-, Concord. Norton's Vir ginia, Isabella, a on. Iow : Cone°, d. De aware, (Anton, Catawba. Norton's Virginia, Rogera's No. 4. Kentucky: Catawba, (in old v neyards) Ives. Delaware. Kansas: Delaware. : Nor on's Virginia, Con cord Catmint, Delaware. Herbemont, CI:nton, e-. Min nesota: Concord. Michigan: Dela. a e. Concord. Mas ench nsetts: Concord, Delaware. N ew Jer-ey: Delaware, Cl on. Noah Carolina: Script:ern, ing. New York : Delaware, Iona, Catawba, Isabella, C./. cord, Clinton, Oporto. Ohio: C .tawba, Delan are, Con rd. Iv. a, Nor ton's Virgini t. Clinton. Pennsylvani..: Catawba. Dela ware, Isabella, Colmar C1 Ives. Stub. Carolina: &uppernong, Cliatou. Wisconsin: Isabella, Catawha.