Missouri. The yield of fruit is largely increased by drain ing, trenching and eubaoiling. Massachusetts: Draining Is useful. North Carolina,: Tue products are greatly, improved by proper starring and cultu re of the soil. New York: Draining aud subsuiling are of essential benefit, making the growth more certain, and preventirig from drought. Ohio: Very dry sole are vastly improved by trenching; draining is indispensable in stiff clays, and subaolling favorable; good clean culture will always he attended by best crops. Pennsylvania: Under-draining is always attended with good results in tenacious awls. South Carolina: Draining is absolutely necessary in clay soils; aubaoiling is useful in alumiaoua lands, but of no use in sillcious soils. Tennessee: Draining and deep cul turp, especially on poor soils, are of great benefit. Wis contain: Deep culture is necessary in dry summers. What effect has elevation upon the health of the vine? Give results of observations, and opinions as to the proper height above valleys. Arkansas: Other things being appropriate, we prefer low situations, because they are aheltered from heavy storms. Connecticut: No difference if the ground is dry in the valleys. Illinois: Elevated roll ing landa are decidedly the hest, but elevation is not so important wheu near large bodies of water; near small streams, or in valleys distant from water, an elevation of from one hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty feet is much preferable; very liable to freeze in low grounds. Indiana: An elevated position is always the best; grapes are healthier, with much less disposition to rot, even ie wet seasons. Iowa: An elevation of fifty to two hundred feet above streams has proved best. Kentucky: There is no question but that elevated sites are to he preferred, where the air can circulate freely, and be protected from slight froate. Kansas: Elevations of fifty to one hundred feet above valleys, with grounds eloping to the aouth, are the best. Missouri: Elevations of from three hundred to four hundred feet above the water-level have proved the very best, for health and value of prndricts. Minnesota: The -beat vines are those cultivated on elevations one hundred to two hundred feet above the river. Massachusetts: Side hills (of no great elevation) with southern slopes are most favorable; northern slopes and low frosty hollows must be avoided here. North Carolina: The Scuppernong grape doea best in low lands, hut other varieties succeed only on elevations; on the mountain sides, where we are ex, mpt from occasl onal late and early frosts, failure has never been known; in low valleys they are destroyed by blight and rot. New York: Our best vineyards are on considerable elevations, from fifty to four hundred feet above the valley. On these high lands we are not subject to early frosts in autumn, and the vise is healthier generally than in low grounds. Ohio: Elevations are considered good, but opinions differ as to height; sumo prefer being within range of fogs; fifty to three hundred feet above creeksand mall streams exempts from early all frusta, and vine yards are generally more healthy; where there are large bodies of water, elevation seems of but little consequence. Pennsylvania: Elevations of from two hundred to four hundred feet are safer in early and late frosts, aud both the fruit and the vines are superiot to the production of low grounds. South Carolina: I he best grape region is that above•the fro-t-b•lt on the mountain slop -a ; this is clearly indicated by the fact that a diseased grape leaf or berry has never been seen on theae elevated lands. Tenn essee: We find decidedly the best grapes on elevated posi tions. Wisconsin: Elevations are subject to destructive wind-storms.
Has any variety of the foreign grape proved remunera tive in %ineyard culture? The returns uniformly express a negative anawer to this question.
What is the effect of summer pruning, and what method of winter is beat? Arkausas: Judicious summer pruning aasists in developing the fruit; any system of renewal is good for winter pruning. Connecticut: Vines that are allowed to run all summer without pruning inva riably yield large crops. Delaware: When summer prun ing is judiciously performed, it has a tendency to increase the quantity and quality of the fruit; and also tends to promote maturity of growth. Georgia: We find sum mer pruning injurious. Illinois: All known methods of
pruning are more or less practiced. Summer pruning is considered hurtful, according to its severity. Cases are cited of severe summer pruning causing the loss of half of the crop, Indians,: Summer pruning should he limited; it is injurious if severe. All methods of renewal and spur methoda of winter pruning are practiced. Iowa: Summer pruning is injurious, if it involves the removal of much of the foliage. A moderate pinching of the points of fruiting shoots checks growth and improves the fruit. The renewal and other systems of winter pruning are practiced. Kentucky: On the whole, summer pruning is considered injurious, and should he abandoned. Kansas: Summer pruning ahonld be strictly confined to pinching out the points of shoots, and not removing them entirely. Missouri: Summer pruning is practiced to a moderate extent. The winter pruning takes place in November.
All modes are practiced. Michigan: Summer pruning is deemed hurtful when carried to any considerable extent. The winter pruning ia on the renewal system. Massacbu setts• Very little summer pruning. Winter pruning on the spur system. North Carolina; Summer pruning severely injures, and sometimes kills the vine in this locality. New York: Summer pruning is injurious, except so far as to check the growth of rampant shoots, or remove superfluous wood. All systems of winter prun ing are practiced, but the renewal mode is preferred. Ohio: Summer pruning is injurious as an unqualified system, but is favorable to the extent of removing s_u_per fluous buds, and checking over luxuriant growth. Many systems of winter pruning are practiced, lint the renewal system is preferred. The system of horizontal arms with spurs has resulted in comparative failure. peunsylvania: Moderate summer pinching is favorable to increase in the size of fruit, but is likely to increase the present at the expense of subsequent crops. Winter pruning is varied, both the renewal and the spur system in various modifications being practiced. South Carolina: Summer pruning is not practiced. The renewal system has been adopted iu winter pruning. Tennessee: No summer prun ing done Wisconsin: Summer pruning is found to be beneficial when done with judgment. Winter pruning is done in November.
What insects are most injurious to the vine, and what is the extent of the injury; and what remedies have proved efficient? Arkansas: The leaf roller is somewhat troublesome on all varieties, except the Scuppernong and Clinton. Connecticut: The thrips is sometimes very in jurious. Delaware: A small cumuli°, is very destructive. Georgia: No trouble from insects. Illinois: The leaf folder, thrips, borer, and curculio are occasionally found in vineyards Shaking and band-picking are the only known remedies for the last named. Indrana: Insects are not troublesome, although rose hugs occasionally devastate the young fruit bunches Iowa: The leaf roller and thrips are the principal insect enemies. The first named can be destroyed by dusting with hellebore powder. Kansas: The till ipe is sometimes seen, but not to any great extent. Missouri: The roes hug, thrips, and some other insects are to he seen, but not to any great extent.# Minnesota: No injury from insects. Massachusetts: Rose bugs are troublesome. New Jersey: Rose bugs sometimes destroy the c ops. North Carolina: The Scup pernong grape is exempt from all insect enemies; other varieties are sometimes injured. New York: The grape beetle, thrips, rose hug, and caterpillar appear. soap and dusting with lime are g od preventives. Ohio: A t., orm that eats its way from one berry to another does considerable injury. The thrips is most destructive upon thin and smooth-leaved varieties They have been pre vented by washingg the vines w th a mixture of soft-soap and supbur iu theft 11 after the decay of the foliage; also by fumigating wi tobacco smoke on their first appear ance. Lime and sulphur sprinkled on the leaves are also effective. The rose bug, steel-blue beetle, and curculio are occasionally troublesome. Pennsylvania: Various insects make their appearance, but none of them are very injurious, except the thrips in some dry seasons. South Carolina : The thrips ie occasionally troublesome. Tenn essee: No insect s of any moment. Wisconsin: The thripa to a small extent.