REDS : (1) Eosine Reds.—These shades range from a cherry-red to a true rose, and have not the violet cast of magenta.
For a more bluish shade, steep in a bath of curd-soap at 62° (144° F.) ; work for hour ; rinse ; and work for the same length of time in subacetate of lead (basic sugar of lead) at 4° Tw. Rinse, and dye in a bath of cosine at 62° (144° F.). Soft-soap must be used throughout the process. If yellower tones are required, alum is added to the sugar of lead beck, more or less, according to the shade intended.
Eosine is also sometimes fixed upon cotton by mordanting in red liquor, and then passing through water in which chalk is suspended, when hydrate of alumina is deposited on the fibre.
(2) Rose Bengale.—This beautiful colour is fixed upon cotton as follows :—Work the yarns for 1 hour in water, to which has been added 5 per cent. of the emulsive oil used for Turkey-red dyeing. Dry ; steep for 2 hours in cold red liquor at 3° Tw.; and enter into the colour-bath, which should contain oz. of the dye, and oz. of the red liquor, to every 2 lb. 3 oz. of cotton. Work for an hour at 44°-60° (112°-140° F.).
The red liquor in question is made by dissolving 31 oz. alum in 17f oz. water, and adding 11 of acetate of lime, previously dissolved in the same bulk of water. It is allowed to settle ; the clear is drawn off, and set at 3° Tw.
(3) Coralline Red (11 lb. yarn).—Make np a hot beck with a decoction of 2 lb. 3 oz. turmerie. Work for 1 hour ; take out, and rinse in cold water ; prepare another beck with If oz. soap, and 34 oz. olive oil, tho heat being 30° (86° F.); work the yarn in this for 3 hour, and wring. Then dye in a cold solution of soluble red coralline, to which a trace of acetic acid has been added. The quantity of acid is greater or less, as a more or less yellowish shade is required.
(4) Or,—Boil in water 4* oz. white starch, and the same weight of white glue. Enter the cotton in this at 30° (86°F.); work for f hour ; rinse, and dye in a coralline beck at 30° (86° F.), as already described.
(5) Coralline and Aurine (11 lb.).—Aurine dyes shades more inclining to orange than coralline.
Boil 2 lb. 3 oz. sumach, or 61 oz. tannin, in water, and soak the tannin all night in the clear hot liquid. Wring out next morning, and enter into a fresh beck of 171 oz. good glue at 50° (122° F.). Wring out, and dye to shade in a cold solution of coralline. Wring again, and dry, without rinsing, in a room where the air is impregnated with ammonia.
The cotton," if desired, may be grounded with turmeric and unnatto, and merely topped with aurine.
(6) Galleine.—Galleine dyes deep and very solid reds. The yarns are mordanted in chrome alum, or by alternate passages through chromate of potash and bisulphite of soda. The requisite quantity of galleine is then placed in a bag, and suspended in a beck of cold water ; the yarn is entered, and the heat is gradually raised to 100° (212° F.). The goods are then taken out, and the colour is developed by hot soaping.
Colours derived from resorcine, such as the cosines, phloxine, &c., may be fixed in the following manner :—The yarns are soaped hot with eurd-soap for 1 hour, and wrung without rinsing. A solu tion is then made of 81 oz. alum in 35 fi. oz. water, and diluted to 171 pints ; If oz. soda crystals are then added ; the whole is allowed to settle, and the clear is drawn off. The cotton is steeped iu this liquid, and kept at a boil for 10-12 hours ; it is then passed into a bath containing 17 L pints water, and 6I-101 oz. emulsive oil, ouch as is used in Turkey-red dyeing. Before the oil is added to the bath, it should be very well shaken up with 35 fl. oz. water. The cotton is steeped in this liquid for 1 hour ; then wrung, and dried.
The dye-beck is then made up as follows :—Pure water, such as condensed steam-water, 171 pints ; red liquor at 7° Tw., 7 fi. oz. ; and the needful amount of colour. The dyeing is begun at 50° (122° F.), and the beck is gradually raised to 88° (190° F.). The goods are allowed to steep till the bath is exhausted ; then wrung without rinsing, and dried.