(18) Turkey-red, with Artificial Alizarine.—The pieces are twice treated with soda-ash, 11- oz. soda ash a piece, each time for 18 hours ; wring. Pad in oil at 71° (160° F.) ; hang up for 4 hours at 76° (169° F.). In padding, the lower roller should be dressed, and the upper not. Pad 5 times in the same oil bath, with both rellers dressed. After each padding, hang up at 76° (169° F.). Pad in potash lye at 6° Tw. at 32° (90° F.). Pad in potash at 8° Tw., same heat. Pad in potash at 5° Tw., same heat. Pad in potash at 3° Tw., same heat. After each padding, hang up at 71° (160° F.). Pass through potash at 4° Tw., heated to 42° (107° F.).
Extract the liquor, and take care that the pieces do not touch cold water. Hang up for 4 hours at 71° (160° F.). Pass into the following beck at 50° (122° F.):—Water, 2625 pints; potash, 17/ oz. Wash, and dry. Formerly, when the subsequent dyeing was performed with madder-root, there followed here the "galling" process,—a treatment with tannin, which is no longer required, since artificial alizarine has come into use. The pieces are passed at once to the alum-bath, which is thus made up :—To 110 lb. crystallized alum, take 33 lb. soda crystals, and mix the solutions in water, stirring diligently. The clear liquid is finally set at 6/°-7° Tw. The cotton is mordanted
in this liquid for a day, and is then carefully washed, and wrung out, and is now ready for the dye beck. To 110 lb. cotton, are taken alizarine at (10 per cent.) about 14 lb. 6 oz., and of pure tannin 17/ oz. Raise very slowly to a boil during 2 hours, and keep up the boiling heat for another hour.
The "cleaning process" (avivage), a treatment with soap and tin crystals, is not required, when working with good artificial alizarine. The cotton is at once bloomed with curd-soap, and a little annatto.
It is to be remarked that, if the water contains no lime, 3/ oz. of chalk should be added to the dye-beck for the above quantity of cotton.
The oiling process is considerably simplified and abridged, by replacing the ordinary emulsive oil with the compound invented by Dr. Miiller-Jacobs,—a mixture of sulpho-ricinic and sulpho pyroterebic acids, in combination with ammonia. A single passage through this mordant supersedes the five successive oilings formerly employed. A small quantity of the compound is recommended to be added to the dye-beck.