The red liquor is prepared by dissolving 4f oz. alum in si 8. oz. boiling water, and adding a solution of 31 oz. sugar of lead in an equal bulk of water. The two solutions are mixed, allowed to settle, and strained ; the clear liquid is set at 7° Tw.
(7) Scarlet on Cotton (100 lb.).—Steep overnight in a decoction of 40 lb. sumach. Lift, and wring ; enter in a bath of oxy-muriate of antimony at 3° Tw. Give 3 turns quickly ; steep for f hour, turning occasionally. Lift, wash well, wring, and enter into a colour-beck made up with 10 oz. "extra scarlet " (of Sehlbach & Co.), and dye to shade at 43° (110° F.).
(8) Saffranine Scarlet (60 lb. yarn).—Boil 10 lb. sumach ; enter yarns ; give 6 turns ; let soak for 1 hour, and wring. Enter into a fresh cold beck of nitro-muriate of tin at 2° Tw.; give 6 turns ; wash, first in warm, and then in cold water ; wring well, and enter into a beck of 10 lb. turmeric. Finally, make up a beck with 1 lb. saffranine ; enter yarns at 10° (50° F.), and raise the temperature to 49° (120° F.), turning continually. Wring, and dry.
(9) Pink (50 lb. yarn).—Dissolve 5 lb. Glauber salts, and 41 oz. " erysine " (of the Berlin Aktien Gesellschaft). Enter yarn at 54° (120° F.); give 5 turns quickly, and dye to shade, gradually raising the temperature to 60° (140° F.).
To ensure even shades, it is better to add only half the erysine at first ; and the rest, previously dissolved, by degrees.
(10) Magenta Ponccau (10 lb.).—Boil 2 lb. turmeric, strain, and steep the cotton in the liquid for 4-5 hours. Wring, and take through cold sours, containing about 10 oz. muriatic acid, and rinse well, and handle for 10 minutes in lukewarm water, containing 10 oz. starch, which has been boiled up to a paste with 1 oz. glue. Lastly, dye to shade in a fresh magenta beck.
Magenta ponceaus and starlets, even if the yellowest shades of the dye are taken, are never so satisfactory as those got up with eosine, eaffranine, and other coal-tar colours, free from the violet tone of magenta.
(11) Alizarin Red.—Mordant in cold red liquor at 7° Tw. for 2 hours, with frequent turning. Lift, wring, and air for 24 hours. Enter into a fresh beck, and dye at 100° (212° F.) with a solution
of artificial alizarine.
(12) Cochineal Scarlet (10 lb.).—Boil 1 lb. annatto in a solution of 10 oz. potash for 20 minutes; 3u cool a little ; enter the cotton, work for 1 hour, lift, wring, and wash. Enter for / hour in a beck of permuriate of tin, marking 8° Tw., to which 2 oz. tin crystals have been further added; lift, wring, and dye in EV decoction of 14 lb. cochineal, beginning at a hand-heat, and gradually raising the temperature.
(13) Saffranine Rose (11 lb.).—Mordant with a decoction of 2 lb. 3 oz. sumach, or a correspond ingly smaller quantity of pure tannin, which is preferable. Dye in a clear solution of saffranine. If a shade verging towards a bluish-red is required, add to the sumach beck, before mordanting, lf-2/ oz. tin crystals. Saffranine may also be fixed on cotton by means of red liquor, or soap.
(14) Pink (60 lb. bleached yarn).--Add 1/ pint carthamine (extract of safflower) to the needful quantity of water. Work the yarns for 5 hours, giving a turn every / hour, and keep them in the liquid till all the colour is taken up. Wash off in three cold waters, adding 1 lb. cream of tartar to the last. Then dry, preferably by means of a current of cold air in the dark.
(15) Rose (60 lb.).—Work as above, but use double the quantity of carthamine, and take a longer time.
(16) Common Scarlet (60 lb.).—Boil 6 lb. sumach, and add decoction to hot water. Work yarns 5 turns, and wring ; mordant in a tin solution (red cotton spirits). Wash in two waters, and wring up. Boil 18 lb. peachwood, and 18 lb. fustic, ground, and add the decoction to hot water. Work the yarns 10 turns, and raise with 1 lb. alum. Wash in cold water, and stove.
For lighter shades, the sumach may be dispensed with, and turmeric may be used in place of fustic.
(17) Barwood .Red (10 lb.).—Steep for 5-6 hours in a decoction of 2 lb. sumach, to which a very little sulphuric acid has been added, turning from time to time. Wring out, and work in barweod spirits at 2° Tw. Wring, and enter into a beck of water at 93° (200° F.), containing 10 lb. rasped barwood ; and work to shade at a boil.