Correspondence Schools
Correspondence Schools. Correspondence In Struction In Its Modern Form Originated In The Last Quarter Of The 19th Century. In 1856 Toussaint And Langenscheidt Founded A School In Berlin To Teach Languages By Correspondence. In 1868 The University Extension Movement In England Introduced Cor Respondence Instruction, But Its Development Was Left ...
Correspondence
Correspondence, A Mutual Agreement Or Fitness Of Parts Or Character (lat. Cum, With, Respondere, To Answer; Cf. Fr. Correspondance). In The 17th And I8th Centuries The Word Was Applied To Relations And Communications Between States. It Is Now Chiefly Used Of The Interchange Of Communications By Letter Or Of The ...
Correze
Correze, A Department Of South-central France, Formed From The Southern Portion Of The Old Province Of Limousin, Bounded North By The Departments Of Haute-vienne And Creuse, East By Puy-de-dome, South-east By Cantal, South By Lot, And West By Dordogne. Area, 2,273 Square Miles. Pop. (1931) 264, 129. It Is Situated ...
Corridor
Corridor, A Main Passage In A Large Building, On Which Various Apartments Open (med. Lat. Corridorium, A "running Place," From Currere, To Run) . In Public Offices, Prisons, Hospitals, Etc., The Corridors Are Usually Of Severe Simplicity; But In Mansions And Palaces Large Corridors (galleries) Are Often Adorned With Works ...
Corrie
Corrie, A Term Used In The Highlands Of Scotland And Else Where For A Steep-sided, Rounded Hollow In A Mountain-side, From The Lower Part Of Which A Stream Usually Issues As The Outlet Of A Small Lake Ponded By Glacial Debris. It Is From Gaelic Coire, Cauldron; Hence Whirlpool, Or ...
Corrientes
Corrientes, A North-eastern Province Of The Argentine Republic Situated Between 2 7 ° And 31 ° S. Lat. And 57° And 62° W. Longitude. It Is Bounded North And West By The Parana River Which Separates It From Paraguay In North And From The Territory Of The Chaco And The ...
Corrientes_2
Corrientes (san Juan De Corrientes), A City And River Port, And The Capital Of The Province Of The Same Name, In The North Of The Argentine Republic, On The Left Bank Of The Parana River, Zo M. Below The Junction Of The Upper Parana And Para Guay, And 832 M. ...
Corrosion And Rusting
Corrosion And Rusting. Many Metals Of Indus Trial Importance Undergo A Chemical Change When Exposed To The Action Of Air And Water Or Salt Solutions. This Change Often Results In The Production Of Spots Of Differently Coloured Material Scat Tered Over The Surface Of The Metal, E.g., Brown Rust On ...
Corrosive Sublimate
Corrosive Sublimate, A White Solid, Melting At 288° C And Boiling At 3o3° C. It Is Sparingly Soluble In Cold, And More So In Hot Water, And Very Soluble In Alcohol And Ether. Chemically It Is Mercuric Chloride (perchloride Of Mercury), And It Is Obtained By The Action Of Chlorine ...
Corrugated Iron
Corrugated Iron. Although Many Millions Of Galva Nized Corrugated Sheets Are Now In Use All Over The World, This Industry Is Less Than Ioo Years Old. British Makers Were The Pioneers. At First The Sheets Were Made From Wrought Or Puddled Iron (not Steel), And Corrugated In The Black, Then ...
Corrupt Practices
Corrupt Practices Is A General Term Including Bribery (q.v.), Undue Influence, Etc., But Has Specific Reference To Electoral Systems (q.v.) ; In England, As Defined By The Corrupt And Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883, And The Representation Of The People Act, 1918, The Object Of Which Is To Prevent Improper ...
Corry
Corry, A City Of Erie County, Pennsylvania, U.s.a., In The North-west Part Of The State, 25m. From Lake Erie, At An Elevation Of 1,430 Feet. It Is On Federal Highway 6, And Is Served By The Erie And The Pennsylvania Railways. The Population In 193o Was 7,152. It Is The ...
Corsair
Corsair, The Name Given By The Mediterranean Peoples To The Privateers Of The Barbary Coast Who Plundered The Shipping Of Christian Nations. (see Pirate, Barbary Pirates.) ...
Corselet
Corselet. Ancient And Mediaeval Body Armour. Originally The Term Referred To The Armour Which Covered The Whole Body (from Latin Corpus And O.fr. Cons, Body) But Later It Was Re Stricted To That Which Covered The Body Between The Neck And The Thighs. The Ancient Egyptians And Persians Had Corselets ...
Corsica
Corsica, A Large Island Of The Mediterranean, Forming A Department Of France. It Is Situated Immediately To The North Of Sardinia (from Which It Is Separated By The Narrow Strait Of Bonifacio), Between 41° 21' And 43° N. And 8° 3o' And 9° 3o' E. Area 3,367 Sq.m. Pop. Corsica ...
Corsicana
Corsicana, A City Of Texas, U.s.a., The County Seat Of Navarro County, 55 M. S. By E. Of Dallas. It Is On Federal High Way 75, And Is Served By The Saint Louis Southwestern, The South Ern Pacific, The Trinity And Brazos Valley, And The Texas Electric Railways. The Population ...
Corsini
Corsini, A Florentine Princely Family, Of Which The Founder Is Said To Be Neri Corsini, Who Flourished About The Year 117o. The Emperor Charles Iv. Created The Head Of The House A Count Palatine In 1371; In 173o Lorenzo Corsini Was Elected Pope As Clement Xii., And Conferred The Rank ...
Corte
Corte, Capital Of An Arrondissement Of Central Corsica, 52 M. N.e. Of Ajaccio By Rail. Pop. The Upper Town Is Situated On A Precipitous Rock On The Summit Of Which Stands A Citadel Built By Vincentello D'istria (see Corsica). Other Inter Esting Buildings Are The House In Which Pasquale Paoli ...
Cortes
Cortes, A Spanish Term Literally Signifying The "courts," And Applied To The States, Or Assembly Of The States, Of The King Dom. (see Spain And Portugal.) ...
Cortex
Cortex (derived From The Latin, Meaning Bark) . In Botany, The Bark Of An Exogenous Plant, As The Bark Of A Tree. In Physi Ology, The Outer Layers Of Tissue, Or Outside Section Of A Part Of The Brain, Or Of Some Internal Organ, Or Gland. The Cerebral Cortex Is ...
Cortland
Cortland, A City Of New York, U.s.a., Midway Between Syracuse And Binghamton, On The Tioughnioga River, At The Meet Ing-point Of Seven Valleys ; The County Seat Of Cortland County. It Is On Federal Highway 11, And Is Served By The Lackawanna And The Lehigh Valley Railways. The Population In ...
Cortona
Cortona, A Town And Episcopal See Of Italy, In The Province Of Arezzo, 18m. S. By E. From The Town Of Arezzo By Rail. Pop. 3,447 (town), 30,222 (commune). The Highest Point Of Cortona, A Mediaeval Castle (fortezza), Is 2,13oft. Above Sea Level On A Hill Commanding A Splendid View. ...
Corumba
Corumba, A Town And River Port Of Brazil On The West Bank Of The Paraguay River, 1,986 M. Above Buenos Aires And 486 M. Above The Paraguayan Frontier. Population (1920) Corumba Is A Fortified Frontier Post, Has The Large Ladario Naval Arsenal, Where Small River Boats Are Built And Repaired, ...
Corundum
Corundum, A Mineral Of The Composition Able For Its Hardness And Forming In Its Finer Varieties A Valuable Gem-stone (germ. Korund, Fr. Corindon). The Name Is Believed To Be Derived From Kurund (hindi) Or Kurundam (tamil), The Native Name Of The Stone In India Whence Specimens Were First Sent To ...
Corunna
Corunna (la Coruna), A Province In North-west Spain; Forming Part Of Galicia, And Bounded On The East By Lugo, South By Pontevedra, West And North By The Atlantic Ocean. Pop. (193o) 767,608; Area, 3,o5isq.m. The Coast Of Corunna Is Broken By A Series Of Promontories Separated By Bays And Estuaries ...
Corunna_2
Corunna (span. La Coruna; Fr. La Corogne ; Eng. For Merly Often The Groyne), The Capital Of The Spanish Province Described Above; On Corunna Bay, An Inlet Of The Atlantic Ocean And Connected By Rail With Madrid And Oporto. Pop. (193o) 74,132. Corunna Consists Of An Upper And A Lower ...
Corvallis
Corvallis, A City In The Western Part Of Oregon, U.s.a., At The Head Of Navigation On The Willamette River, 75m. S. By W. Of Portland; The County Seat Of Benton County. It Is Served By The Southern Pacific And The Oregon Electric Railways. The Popu Lation In 193o Was 7,585. ...
Corvee
Corvee, In Feudal Law, The Term Used To Designate The Un Paid Labour Due From Tenants, Whether Free Or Unfree, To Their Lord ; Hence Any Forced Labour, Especially That Exacted By The State, The Word Being Applied Both To Each Particular Service And To The System Generally. Though The ...
Corwen
Corwen ("the White Choir"), A Market Town Of Merioneth Shire, Wales, On The Dee, A Little Below Its Confluence With The Alwen, Om. W. Of Llangollen. Pop. (1921) 2,69o. The Berwyn Range Rises Steeply To The South, So That The Town Is Confined Between Wooded Cliffs And The Swift-flowing Dee. ...
Corybantes
Corybantes, Spiritual Powers, With The Same Relation To The Asiatic Great Mother Of The Gods As The Curetes Bear To Zeus. From Their First Appearance In Literature, They Are Already Often Identified Or Confused With Them, And Are Distinguished Only By Their Asiatic Origin And By The More Pronouncedly Orgiastic ...
Corydon
Corydon, A Town Of Southern Indiana, U.s.a., On Indian Creek, 20m. W. By S. Of Louisville; The First Capital Of The State, And The County Seat Of Harrison County. It Is Served By The Louisville, New Albany And Corydon Railway, Which Connects At Corydon Junction, 8m. N., With The Southern ...
Cos Or Stanko
Cos Or Stanko, An Island Not Far From The South-western Corner Of Asia Minor, Off The Gulf Of Ceramus. Its Total Length Is About 25 M. Its Population Is Nearly All Greek, With Turks Also, And Greek-speaking Mohammedans From Crete In The Capital. The Island Consists Of Three Regions, An ...
Cosa
Cosa, An Ancient City Of Etruria, On The South-west Coast Of Italy, Close To The Via Aurelia, 44m. E.s.e. Of The Modern Town Of Orbetello On A Promontory Above The Sea. Evidence Of The Occu Pation Of The Site In Prehistoric Times Has Recently Come To Light. When It Became ...
Cosenza
Cosenza, A Town And Archiepiscopal See Of Calabria, Italy (anc. Consentia), Capital Of A Province, 755 Ft. Above Sea-level, 43 M. By Rail S. By W. Of Sibari, On The East Coast Railway And 37 M. S.e. Of Paola On The West Coast Line. Pop. (1931) 36,113 (com Mune). It ...
Coshocton
Coshocton, A City Of Ohio, U.s.a., Tom. E.n.e. Of Co Lumbus, At The Confluence Of The Tuscarawas And The Walhonding Rivers To Form The Muskingum; The County Seat Of Coshocton County. It Is Served By The Pennsylvania And The Wheeling And Lake Erie Railways. The Population In 1920 Was 10,847; ...
Cosmas
Cosmas, Of Alexandria, Surnamed From His Maritime Ex Perience Indicopleustes, Merchant And Traveller, Flourished Dur Ing The 6th Century A.d. In His Earlier Days He Had Sailed On The Red Sea And The Indian Ocean, Visiting Abyssinia And Socotra And Apparently Also The Persian Gulf, Western India And Ceylon. He ...
Cosmas_2
Cosmas, Of Prague (1o45--ii25), Dean Of The Cathedral And The Earliest Bohemian Historian. His Chronicae Bohemorum Libri Which Contains The History And Traditions Of Bohemia Up To Nearly The Time Of His Death, Has Earned Him The Title Of The Herodotus Of His Country. See A. Potthast, Bibliotheca Hist. Med. ...
Cosmati
Cosmati, The Name Of A Roman Family, Seven Members Of Which, For F Our Generations, Were Skilful Architects, Sculptors, And Workers In Mosaic. The Following Are Known From Existing In Scriptions:— Their Principal Works In Rome Are : Ambones Of S. Maria In Ara Coeli (lorenzo) ; Door Of S. ...
Cosmetics
Cosmetics. Substances Of Diverse Origin Scientifically Compounded And Used (i) To Cleanse, (2) To Allay Skin Troubles, (3) To Cover Up Imperfections And (4) To Beautify. They Have Been Used In Crude Forms By Both Men And Women Since The Earliest Times. It Is Quite Probable That Cosmetics Had Their ...
Cosmic
Cosmic, Pertaining To The Universe, Universal Or Orderly. (from Gr. «ocrµos, Order Or Universe.) In Ancient Astronomy, The Word "cosmical" Means Occurring At Sunrise, And Designates Espe Cially The Rising Or Setting Of The Stars At That Time. "cosmical Physics" Is A Term Broadly Applied To The Totality Of Those ...
Cosmogony
Cosmogony Is In Common Language A Theory, Hypothesis Or Speculation As To The Origin Of The Earth, Sun, Moon And Stars. Such Speculations Are Frequently Produced By Primitive Races In Their Myth-making Stage Of Development, And May Be Subse Quently Expanded And Systematized By Poets, Priests And Philoso Phers. In ...
Cosmology
Cosmology Means A Theory Of The World Or Of The World Order. The Term "cosmos" Is Mostly Used In The Sense Of An Or Derly World, Or A World-order, In Contrast With Chaos Or Disorder. Sometimes The Expression Cosmology Is Used As A Variant For Cosmogony (q.v.) To Denote An ...
Cosmopolitan
Cosmopolitan, Of . Or Belonging To A "citizen Of The World" (gr. K6cri.tos, World, And Roxtrns, Citizen), I.e., One Whose Sympathies, Interests And Culture Are Not Confined To His Own Race Or Country. ...
Cosmos
Cosmos, A- Genus Of Tropical American Herbs Of The Family Compositae, Comprising About 20 Species Chiefly Mexican. They Are Late-flowering Annuals Or Perennials With Long-stalked Showy Flower-heads Borne Singly Or In Clusters. Several Species Are In Cultivation As Ornamental Annuals. Of These The Best Known Is The Common Cosmos (c. ...
Cosne
Cosne, A Town Of Central France In The Department Of Nievre, On The Loire At Its Junction With The Nohain, 37 M. N.n.w. Of Nevers By The P.l.m. Railway. Pop. (1931) 6,128. It Is Mentioned In The Antonine Itinerary Under The Name Of Con Date, But It Was Not Till ...
Cossack Post
Cossack Post, A Military Term To Indicate A Small Party Of Mounted Men, Usually Three To Six, Under A Non-commissioned Officer Or Senior Soldier, Which Supplies Its Own Sentries. ...
Cossacks
Cossacks, The Name Given To Considerable Portions Of The Population Of The Russian Empire, Endowed With Certain Special Privileges, And Bound In Return To Give Military Service, All At A Certain Age, Under Special Conditions (russ. Kazak, Perhaps From The Turki, Quzzdq, Adventurer). They Constituted Ii Separate Voiskos, Settled Along ...
Cossimbazar Or Kasimbazar
Cossimbazar Or Kasimbazar, A Decayed Town On The River Bhagirathi In The Murshidabad District Of Bengal, India, Now Included In The Berhampore Municipality. Though The History Of The Place Cannot Be Traced Back Earlier Than The 17th Century, It Was Of Importance Long Before Murshidabad Was Made The Capital Of ...
Cost Accounting
Cost Accounting. A System Of Accounting Designed To Show The Actual Cost Of Each Separate Article Produced Or Service Rendered From Time To Time, As Distinguished From The Ordinary System Of Accounting Which Aims Only At Showing The Working Results Of A Business As A Whole, Or Sometimes Of Each ...
Cost Book Mining Companies
Cost-book Mining Companies These Are In Substance Mining Partnerships. They Derive Their Name From The Fact Of The Partnership Agreement, The Expenses And Receipts Of The Mine, The Names Of The Shareholders, And Any Transfers Of Shares Being Entered In A "cost-book." The Affairs Of The Company Are Managed By ...
Cost Of Living
Cost Of Living. Until Recently The Phrase "cost Of Living" Was Used Only Loosely By Economists When The Relation Between Movements Of Wages And Prices Was In Question, But From 1914 Onwards During The World War The Need Of A Measure Ment Of The Rise Of Prices Gradually Resulted In ...
Cost Of Production
Cost Of Production. In Economics, The Cost Of Pro Duction Is The Sum-total Of The Labour Expended And Wealth Con Sumed In Producing A Commodity. The Amount Of Money Which Has To Be Paid To Call Out These Efforts And Sacrifices Is Termed The Expenses Of Production. The Sum So ...
Costa Rica
Costa Rica, A Republic Of Central America, Lying Between Nicaragua And Panama And Between The Caribbean Sea And The Pacific Ocean, And Known Chiefly In The Markets Of The World F Or Its High Quality Of Coffee And, Politically, For Its Record Of Peace And General Prosperity. Costa Rica's Boundaries ...
Costermonger
Costermonger, A Street-trader Who Usually Displays His Wares On A Barrow, But Who Sometimes Uses A Cart Or "donkey Shay." In The London Street Markets, Which Are Many And Varied, The Goods Sold By Costermongers Cover A Very Wide Range, Including Fruit, Vegetables, Fish, Flowers, Crockery, Glassware, Ironmongery, And Even ...
Coston Light
Coston Light, A Pyrotechnic Light Designed For Night Signalling Between Vessels At Sea And Between Sea And Shore. The Signal Is Made In The Form Of A Cartridge Containing Slow-burning Chemicals Which Produce An Intense Light, In Various Colour Com Binations. The Cartridge Is Mounted On A Cylindrical Wooden Base ...
Cotarnine
Cotarnine : See Narcotine. A Department Of Eastern France, Formed Of The Northern Region Of The Old Province Of Burgundy, Bounded North By The Department Of Aube, North-east By Haute-marne, East By Haute-saone And Jura, South By Saone-et-loire, And West By Nievre And Yonne. Area, 3,392 Square M. Pop. The ...
Cothen
Cothen, A Town Of Germany, In The Land Of Anhalt, On The Ziethe, 42 M. N.w. Of Leipzig By Rail. Pop. (1933) 26,695. Cothen Was A Slav Settlement Destroyed By The German King Henry I. In 927. By The 12th Century It Had Secured Town Rights And Become A Market ...
Cotoneaster
Cotoneaster, A Genus Of The Rose Family (rosaceae), Containing About 5o Species Of Shrubs And Small Trees, Natives Of Europe, North Africa And Temperate Asia. C. Vulgaris Was A Native On The Limestone Cliffs Of The Great Orme In North Wales But Is Now Extinct. Several Species Are Grown In ...
Cotopaxi
Cotopaxi, A Mountain Of The Andes, In Ecuador, South America, 35m. South-south-east Of Quito, Remarkable As The Loftiest Active Volcano In The World. The Earliest Outbursts On Record Took Place In 1532 And 1533; And Since Then The Eruptions Have Been Both Numerous And Destructive. Among The Most Im Portant ...
Cotswolds Or Cotteswolds
Cotswolds Or Cotteswolds, A Range Of Hills In The Western Midlands Of England. The Greater Part Lies In Gloucester Shire, But The System Also Extends Into Worcestershire, Warwick Shire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire And Somersetshire. It Lies On A Line From North-east To South-west, Forming A Part Of The Great Oolitic Belt. ...
Cotta
Cotta, The Name Of A Family Of German Publishers Of Noble Italian Descent, And At The Time Of The Reformation Settled In Eisenach In Thuringia. ...
Cottabus
Cottabus, A Game Of Skill For A Long Time In Great Vogue At Ancient Greek Drinking Parties, Especially In The 4th And 5th Centuries B.c. (gr. Kottaf3oi). It Is Frequently Alluded To By The Classical Writers Of The Period, And Not Seldom Depicted On Ancient Vases. The Object Of The ...
Cottii Regnum
Cottii Regnum, A District In Liguria, Italy, Including Much Of The Important Road Over The Pass (6,1 19f T.) Of The Alpis Cottia (mont Genevre) Into Gaul. This Route Was Certainly In Use About Too B.c. (see Punic Wars.) In 58 B.c. Caesar Met With Some Resistance On Y Crossing ...
Council Of Constance
Constance, Council Of. This Council, Convoked At The Instance Of The Emperor Sigismund By Pope John Xxiii.— One Of The Three Popes Among Whom Christendom Was At The Time Divided—with The Object Of Putting An End To The Great Schism Of The West And Reforming The Church, Was Opened On ...
Councils Of Constantinople
Constantinople, Councils Of. Of The Numerous Ecclesiastical Councils Held At Constantinople The Most Important Are The Following: (i.) The Second Ecumenical Council, In 381, Which Was In Reality Only A Synod Of Bishops From Thrace, Asia And Syria, Convened By Theodosius With A View To Uniting The Church Upon The ...
Counterpoint On A Canto
Counterpoint On A Canto Fermo The Early Practice Of Building Polyphonic Designs On A Voice Part Confined To A Given Plain-song Or Popular Melody Furnishes The Origin For Every Contrapuntal Principle That Is Not Canonic, And Soon Develops Into A Canonic Principle In Itself. When The Canto Fermo Is In ...
Court Of Common Pleas
Common Pleas, Court Of, Was The First Of The Three Common Law Courts To Emerge As A Distinct Judicial Body From The Curia Regis. Owing To The Increase Of Pleas Between Subject And Subject (communia Placita) Before The Curia Regis, Henry Ii. Appointed Five Justices To Sit Permanently In That ...
Criticism J S
Criticism.-j. S. Mill, Auguste Comte And Positivism (new Ed. 1908) ; J. H. Bridges' Reply To Mill, The Unity Of Comte's Life And Doctrines (1866) ; Herbert Spencer's Essay On The Genesis Of Science And Pamphlet On The Classification Of The Sciences; Huxley's "scien Tific Aspects Of Positivism" In His ...
Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert
Coornhert, Dirck Volckertszoon (15 2 2 159o), Dutch Politician And Theologian, Was Born At Amsterdam. He Settled In Haarlem, As Engraver On Copper, And Produced Works Which Retain High Values. He Published Dutch Translations From Cicero, Seneca And Boethius. He Was Appointed Secretary To The City (1562) And Secretary To ...
Discovery Of South America
Discovery Of South America Third Voyage.—meanwhile, However, The Preparing Of The Fleet Proceeded Slowly, And It Was Not Till May 3o, 1498 That He Set Sail With His Main Fleet Of Six Ships—two Caravels Had Already Been Sent On Ahead. From San Lucar He Steered For Porto Santo, Madeira, And ...
Domenico Comparetti
Comparetti, Domenico (1835-1929), Italian Scholar, Was Born At Rome On The 27th Of June 1835. He Studied At The University Of Rome, Took His Degree In 1855 In Natural Sci Ence And Mathematics, And Entered His Uncle's Pharmacy As Assist Ant. His Scanty Leisure Was, However, Given To Study. He ...
Double Bassoon Or Con
Contrafagotto, Double Bassoon Or Con Trabassoon, A Wood-wind Instrument Of The Double Reed Family, Which It Completes As The Bass, The Other Members Being The Oboe, Cor Anglais, And Bassoon. The Modern Wooden Contra Fagotto (there Is Also A Type Made Of Brass) Has A Pitch One Octave Below That ...
Duke Of Bert
Bert, Duke Of (1850- ), Third Son And Seventh Child Of Queen Victoria, Was Born At Buckingham Palace On May I, 185o. In 1874 He Was Created Duke Of Connaught And Strathearn And Earl Of Sussex. He Was Entered At The Royal Military Acad Emy, Woolwich, In 1866, And Gazetted ...
Edouard Colonne
Colonne, Edouard (1838-1910), French Conductor Of Italian Origin, Was Born At Bordeaux On July 23, 1838. He Be Gan To Earn His Living When He Was Eight Years Old, But Later Was Able To Study At The Paris Conservatoire, And From 1858-67 Was First Violin At The Opera. In 1873, ...
Edward Colston
Colston, Edward (1636—i 721), English Philanthropist, The Founder Of Colston's Charity And A Generous Donor To Other Foundations In His Native City Of Bristol And Elsewhere, Was Born At Bristol On Nov. 2, 1636, And Died At Mortlake, Near London, On Oct. 11, 1721. His Father Was A Keen Bristol ...
Edward Copleston
Copleston, Edward (1776-1849), English Bishop, Was Born On Feb. 2, 1776, At Offwell In Devonshire, And Died On Oct. 14, 1849. He Was Elected To A Tutorship At Oriel College In 1797, And In 1800 Was Appointed Vicar Of St. Mary's, Oxford. He Was University Professor Of Poetry (1802-12), Dean ...
Edward Meredith Cope
Cope, Edward Meredith (1818-1873), English Classical Scholar, Was Born In Birmingham On July 28 1818, And Died On Aug. 5 1873. He Was A Sound Scholar, With Perhaps A Tendency To Over-minuteness. He Was The Author Of An Introduc Tion To Aristotle's Rhetoric (1867), A Standard Work; The Rhetoric Of ...
Edwin Grant Conklin
Conklin, Edwin Grant (1863– ), American Bi Ologist, Was Born At Waldo, 0., On Nov. 24, 1863. He Graduated At Ohio Wesleyan University In 1886 And Received From Johns Hopkins University In 1891 The Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy. He Was Professor Of Biology At Ohio Wesleyan University In 1891 ...
Eliza Cook
Cook, Eliza (1818-1889), English Author, Was Born On Dec. 24 1818, In Southwark, The Daughter Of A Local Tradesman. She Was Self-taught, And Began When A Girl To Write Poetry For The Weekly Dispatch And New Monthly. From 1849 To 1854 She Conducted A Paper For Family Reading Called Eliza ...
Emile Combes Justin Louis
Combes (justin Louis), Emile French Statesman, Was Born At Roquecourbe, Tarn, On Sept. 6, 1835. He Was A Doctor By Profession, Practising At Pons, Charente Inf Erieure. In 1885 He Was Elected To The Senate By The Depart Ment Of Charente-inf Erieure. He Sat With The Democratic Left. On Nov. ...
Emma Cons
Cons, Emma (1838-1912), English Philanthropist, Was Born In London On March 4, 1838. Through An Acquaintance With Miss Octavia Hill She Became Interested In Social Work, And In Particular In Housing Questions. She Became Known For Her Work In Connection With Morley College And The Royal Victoria Hall, Waterloo Road, ...
Enrico Cosenz
Cosenz, Enrico (1812-1898), Italian Soldier, Born At Gaeta On Jan. 12, 1812, Served In The Neapolitan Artillery Against The Austrians In 1848. Subsequently He Aided In The Defence Of Venice, And In 1859 Became Commander Of A Garibaldian Regiment. In The Following Year He Led The Third Garibaldian Expedition To ...
Epistle To The Colossians
Colossians, Epistle To The, The I2th Book Of The New Testament, One Of The Later Letters Of The Apostle Paul. Colossae, Like The Other Phrygian Cities Of Laodicea And Hierapo Lis, Had Not Been Visited By Paul, But Owed Its Belief In Jesus Christ To Epaphras, A Colossian Who Had ...
Epistles To The Corinthians
Corinthians, Epistles To The, Two Books Of The New Testament. The Founding Of The Church In Corinth Is Told In Acts Xviii. 1-18. St. Paul's Success Was Prompt And Large, And In The Year And Six Months Of His Stay A Vigorous Church Was Gathered, Including Aquila And Priscilla, As ...
Ercole Consalvi
Consalvi, Ercole (1757-1824), Italian Cardinal And Statesman, Was Born At Rome On June 8, 7. In 17 7 6 He Entered The Academia Ecclesiastica At Rome, In Which Pope Pius Vi. Took A Strong Personal Interest. This Led To His Being Appointed In 1783 Camariere Segreto To The Pope, Then ...
Etienne Bonnot De Condillac
Condillac, Etienne Bonnot De French Philosopher, Was Born At Grenoble Of A Legal Family And, Like His Elder Brother, The Well-known Political Writer, Abbe De Mably, Took Orders And Became Abbe De His Works Are Essai Sur L'origine Des Connaissances /zumaines (1746) , Traite Des Systemes (1749), Traite Des Sensations ...
Ezra Cornell
Cornell, Ezra (1807-1874), American Capitalist And Philanthropist, Was Born At Westchester Landing, N.y., On Jan. 1, 18°7, Of Quaker Parents. His Early Education Was Received In The Common Schools But Throughout Life He Was An Ardent Student And Became Noted For His Practical And Scientific Attainments. In 1828 He Settled ...
Fast Colours
Colours, Fast. The Dyestuffs Producing The Fastest Shades Upon Textile Materials Are The "vat" Dyes Of The Anthra Quinone And Indigoid Classes, More Especially The Former. (see Dyes, Synthetic.) ...
Feast Of Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi, Feast Of, A Festival Of The Roman Catholic Church In Honour Of The Real Presence Of Christ In The Eucharist, Observed On The Thursday After Trinity Sunday (lat. F Eeturn Corporis Christi, Fr. Fęte-dieu Or Fete Du Saint-sacrement, Ger. Fronleichnams F Est) . The Institution Of This Feast ...
Federico Confalonieri
Confalonieri, Federico, Count Italian Revolutionary, Was Born At Milan, Descended From A Noble Lombard Family. In 18o6 He Married Teresa Casati. During The Napoleonic Period Confalonieri Was Among The Opponents Of The French Regime, And Was Regarded As One Of The Leaders Of The Ltaliani Puri, Or Italian National Party. ...
Fernand Cormon
Cormon, Fernand French Historical And Portrait Painter, Was Born In Paris In 1845 And Died There In 1924. He Became A Pupil Of Cabanel, Fromentin And Portaels, And At An Early Age Attracted Attention By The Better Class Of Sensationalism In His Art, As In The "murder In The Seraglio" ...
Feudal Lords And Forced
Feudal Lords And Forced Labour As To The Nature Of These Corvees It Must Be Noted That In The Middle Ages The Feudal Lords Had Replaced The Centralized State For All Administrative Purposes, And The Services Due To Them By Their Tenants And Serfs Were Partly In The Nature Of ...
First Epistle To The
First Epistle To The Corinthians The First Epistle Is A Pastoral Letter, Dealing Both With Positive Evils That Need Correction And With Difficult Questions Of Practice And Thought. Through It All Runs A Genial Undercurrent Of Con Fidence In The Loyalty Of The Corinthian Church To Paul As Its Spiritual ...
Flavius Cresconius Corippus
Corippus, Flavius Cresconius, Roman Epic Poet Of The 6th Century A.d. He Was A Native Of Africa, But Is Not To Be Identified With The 7th Century Bishop Of The Same Name. He Is Known Only From His Own Poems. He Appears To Have Held The Office Of Tribune Or ...
Flavius Julius Constans I
Constans I., Flavius Julius (d. 35o), Emperor Of The West, Was The Son Of Constantine The Great And Fausta. Under His Father He Governed Western Illyricum, Italy And Africa, And At The Division Of The Empire In 337 He Received This Share As Emperor. His Brother Constantine Ii. Invaded Him ...
Flavius Julius Constantius
Constantius, Flavius Julius Em Peror Of The East 337-361, Was The Son Of Constantine The Great And Fausta, And Was Born At Sirmium In Pannonia On Aug. 6, 317. When The Three Sons Of Constantine Were Made Caesars, Constantius Was Given The Eastern Provinces. Constantine's Death In 337 Was Followed ...
Flavius Valerius Constantids
Constantids, Flavius Valerius, Commonly Called Chlorus (the Pale), Roman Emperor And Father Of Con Stantine The Great (q.v.), Was Born About A.d. 25o. He Was Of Illyrian Origin. Having Distinguished Himself By His Military Ability And His Able And Gentle Rule Of Dalmatia, He Was, On March 1, 293, Adopted ...
Francesco Del Cossa
Cossa, Francesco Del (c. Italian Painter, Born In Ferrara, A Leading Master Of The Ferrarese School During The Middle Of The 5th Century, And The Founder Of The Old Bolognese School Of Painting. His Name First Occurs In 1456 In A Contract, By Which He Undertook To Decorate The Wall ...
Francis Cottington Cottington
Cottington, Francis Cottington, Baron (15 78-165 2 ), English Lord Treasurer And Ambassador, Was Ap Pointed English Agent In Spain During The Recall Of The Ambas Sador, Sir Charles Cornwallis, From 1609 To 1611. In 1612, He Became Consul At Seville, And In 1616 Ambassador To Spain, Making In 1618 ...
Francisco Vasquez De Coronado
Coronado, Francisco Vasquez De (c. 15oo 1554), Spanish Explorer Of The American Southwest, Accompanied Antonio De Mendoza To New Spain In 1535, And Became A Lead Ing Grandee. In 1538 He Was Chosen A Regidor, Or Member Of The Town Council, Of Mexico City, And In 1539 Was Appointed Gov ...