Florence Nightingale
Nightingale, Florence (182o-1910), Hospital Re Former, Younger Daughter Of William Edward Nightingale, Of Embley Park, Hampshire, And Lea Hurst, Derbyshire, Was Born At Florence On May 12, 1820, And Named After That City, But Her Childhood Was Spent In England, Mainly In The Country At One Of Her Father's Houses, ...
Fort Niagara
Niagara, Fort, An American Fortification, On The East Side And At The Mouth Of Niagara River, Opposite The Canadian Village Of Niagara-on-the-lake. Ft. Niagara Has A Reservation Of 288 Ac., With Fairly Modern Equipments, And Several Historic Buildings Of The Time Of French And Of British Possession, In One Of ...
Francesco Saverio 1868 Nitti
Nitti, Francesco Saverio (1868- ), Italian Statesman, Was Born At Melfi (potenza). He Had Already Become Known As A Barrister And As Professor Of Financial Science At The University Of Naples When He Entered Parliament In 1904. He Made His Reputation As An Authority On Economic And Financial Questions, And ...
Francis William Newman
Newman, Francis William English Scholar And Miscellaneous Writer, Younger Brother Of Cardinal Newman, Was Born In London On June 27, 1805. He Was Edu Cated At Ealing, And At Oxford, Where He Was Elected Fellow Of Balliol In 1826. Conscientious Scruples Respecting The Ceremony Of Infant Baptism Led Him To ...
Francisco Manoel De 1819
Nascimento, Francisco Manoel De 1819), Portuguese Poet, Known As Filinto Elysio, His "arcadian" Name, Though He Was Never A Member Of The Arcadia And Later Was A Leader Of The Revolt Against It, Was Born In Lisbon, The Son Of A Lighterman. As A Boy He Acquired An Extensive Knowledge ...
Frederick Law I 2
Olmsted, Frederick Law I _ 2 2-1903 ), American Landscape Architect, Was Born In Hartford (conn.), On April 27, 1822. He Already Had An Adventurous Career When He Published His Journeys And Explorations In The Cotton Kingdom 0860, Which Gave A Picture Of The Conditions Surrounding American Slavery That Had ...
Fridtjof 1861 1930 Nansen
Nansen, Fridtjof (1861-1930), Norwegian Scientist, Explorer And Statesman, Was Born At Froen Near Christiania, Where He Spent His Childhood, On Oct. Io, 1861. In His Fifteenth Year His Parents Removed To Christiania, Where He Went To School. He Entered Christiania University In 188o And Studied Zoology ; In March 1882 ...
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm Goo), German Philosopher, Born Oct. 15, 1844 At Rocken Near Lutzen, In The Prussian Province Of Saxony, Came Of A Family Of Clergy Men. Both His Father And His Grandfather Were Protestant Pastors, While His Paternal Grandmother And His Mother, Nee Oehler, Were Also Pastors' Daughters. They ...
Gaspar De Guzman Olivares
Olivares, Gaspar De Guzman, Count Of Olivares And Duke Of San Lucar Spanish Royal Favourite And Minister, Born At Rome, Jan. 6, 1587. He Kept His Inherited Title Of Count In Combination With The New Honour Of Duke Granted Him By Philip Iv.: Hence He Was Commonly Spoken Of As ...
Gaspar Nunez De Arcs
Nunez De Arcs, Gaspar Spanish Poet, Dramatist And Statesman. Deputy For Valladolid In 1865, He Was Imprisoned At Caceres For His Violent Attacks On The Reaction Ary Ministry Of Narvaez, Acted As Secretary To The Revolutionary Junta Of Catalonia, And Wrote The "manifesto To The Nation" (oct. 26, 1868). He ...
George William Norris
Norris, George William (1861— ), American Legislator, Was Born On A Farm In Sandusky County, Ohio, On July Ii, 1861. The Death Of His Father And Only Brother While He Was Very Young Left The Family In Straitened Circumstances, And Norris Was Required To Work Out Among The Farmers In ...
Gerard De Nerval
Nerval, Gerard De (18o8-1855), The Adopted Name Of Gerard Labrunie, French Man Of Letters, Born In Paris On May 22, 1808. His Father Was An Army Doctor, And The Child Was Left With An Uncle In The Country, While Mme. Labrunie Accompanied Her Husband In His Campaigns. She Died In ...
Giovanni Nicotera
Nicotera, Giovanni Italian Patriot And Politician, Was Born At San Biagio On Sept. 9, 1828. Joining The Party Of Young Italy He Was Among The Combatants At Naples In May 1848, And Was At San Pancrazio With Garibaldi During The Defence Of Rome. After The Fall Of Rome He Fled ...
Gnaeus Naevius
Naevius, Gnaeus A ? 194 B.c.), Latin Epic Poet And Dramatist. From A Phrase In Gellius (i. 24. I.) It Has Been Inferred That He Was Born In A Colony In Campania, But It Seems Just As Probable That He Was A Roman Citizen. He Served In The First Punic ...
Great
Great Britain—the Royal Air Force Methods Of Entry.—there Are Three Methods Of Entry Into The General Duties Branch : (i.) By Passing Through Cranwell Cadet College By Means Of A Competitive Examination Similar To Sand Hurst And Woolwich. The Course Lasts Two Years And The Training Is On Lines Similar ...
Greek Coins
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Guillaume De Nogaret
Nogaret, Guillaume De (d. 1313), Councillor And Keeper Of The Seal To Philip Iv. Of France, Was Born Between 1260 And 1270, The Son Of A Citizen Of Toulouse. The Family Took Its Name From A Small Property Near Saint Felix De Caramon. In 1291 Guillaume Was Professor Of Jurisprudence ...
Gun Construction
Gun Construction In The Early Days Of Ordnance, Gunnery Was In The Realm Of The Magic Arts. It Was Not Until The Sixteenth Century That It Was Treated In A Scientific Spirit By Niccolo Tartaglia. Later Ben Jamin Robins Advanced The Study, But Results Of His Research And Experiment Were ...
Handel And The Neapolitan
6. Bach, Handel And The Neapolitan School If All Music Between 1685 And 1759 Were Annihilated Except The Work Of Bach And Handel, The Ordinary Music-lover Would Miss Nothing But A Large Collection Of Decorative And Decorous Violin Music And A Still Larger Collection Of Arias; And To Most Of ...
Harlem
Harlem Harlem Was Originally A Village On Manhattan Island, Now The Local Name For That Part Of The Borough Of Manhattan, New York City, Beginning At Io6th Street And Extending North Between The East And Harlem Rivers And Eighth Avenue. Its Settlement, On The Site Of What Is Now Mount ...
Harmonic Origins
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Harmony Music
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Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Onnes, Heike Kamerlingh Dutch Physicist, Was Born In Groningen On Sept. 21, 1853. He Studied Mathematics And Physics In His Native Town. In 1871 He Went To Heidelberg, Where He Studied Under Bunsen And Kirchhoff (qq.v.). Later He Returned To Groningen, Where In 1879 He Took His Doctor's Degree On ...
Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias 1758
Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias (1758 1840), German Astronomer, Was Born On Oct. 11, 1758, At Ar Bergen, A Village Near Bremen, Where His Father Was Minister. He Studied Medicine At Gottingen, 1777-80, Attending At The Same Time Kaestner's Mathematical Course. In 1779 He Devised A New Method Of Calculating Cometary ...
Heliotherapy
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Henri Orleans
Orleans, Henri, Prince Of (1867-1901), Eldest Son Of Robert, Duke Of Chartres, Was Born At Ham, Near Richmond, Surrey, On Oct. 16, 1867. In 1889, At The Instance Of His Father, He Undertook, In Company With Mm. Bonvalot And Dedecken, A Journey Through Siberia To Siam. They Crossed The Mountain ...
Henry Fairfield Osborn
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Henry Howard
Henry Howard, Earl Of Northampton (154o-1614), Was The Second Son Of Henry Howard, Earl Of Surrey, The Poet, And Of Lady Frances Vere, Daughter Of The 15th Earl Of Oxford, And Younger Brother Of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke Of Norfolk. After Discovery Of His Brother's Plot To Marry Mary, Queen ...
Henry Norris Or Norreys
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Herbert Henry Asquith Oxford
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Histology Of The Nervous
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Horatio Nelson Nelson
Nelson, Horatio Nelson, Viscount (1758-1805), Duke Of Bronte In Sicily, British Naval Hero, Was Born At The Parsonage House Of Burnham Thorpe, In Norfolk, On Sept. 29, 1758. His Father, Edmund Nelson, Was Rector Of The Parish And His Mother, Catherine Suckling, Was A Grandniece Of Sir Robert Walpole (1st ...
House Of Orange
Orange, House Of. The Small Principality Of Orange, A District Now Included In The French Department Of Vaucluse, Traces Back Its History As An Independent Sovereignty To The Time Of Charlemagne. William, Surnamed Le Cornet, Who Lived Towards The End Of The 8th Century, Is Said To Have Been The ...
Hugh Oneill
Hugh O'neill (c. 1540-1616), And Earl (known As The Great Earl) Of Tyrone, Was The Second Son Of Matthew, Reputed Illegiti Mate Son Of Conn, Ist Earl Of Tyrone. He Succeeded His Brother, Brian, When The Latter Was Murdered By Turlough In 1562, As Baron Of Dungannon. He Was Brought ...
Hugh Oneill_2
Hugh O'neill (d. C. 166o), Son Of Owen Roe's Brother Art Oge, And Therefore Known As Hugh Mac Art, Had Served With Distinction In Spain Before He Accompanied His Uncle, Owen Roe, To Ireland In 1642. After The Death Of Owen He Defended Clonmel In 165o Against Cromwell, On Whom ...
Hugh Roe Odonnell 1572 1602
Hugh Roe O'donnell (1572-1602), Eldest Son Of Hugh Mac Manus O'donnell, And Grandson Of Manus O'donnell By His Second Marriage With Judith O'neill, Was The Most Celebrated Member Of His Clan. His Mother Was Ineen Dubh, Daughter Of James Macdonnell Of Kintyre; His Sister, The Second Wife Of Hugh O'neill, ...
Hydrothermal Deposits
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I Adriaen Van Ostade
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I Order
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I William Cavendish
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Iii Transportation And Communication
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Inc National Better Business
National Better Business Bureau, Inc., Organized In 1912 As The National Vigilance Committee Of The Associated Advertising Clubs Of The World, "to Promote Honesty, Truthfulness And Reliability In The Sale Of Merchandise, Securities And Services, Discourage Fraudulent And Deceptive Methods In Business And Thereby To Increase Public Confidence In Advertising, ...
Jacques 1732 1804 Necker
Necker, Jacques (1732-1804), French Statesman, Finance Minister Of Louis Xvi., Was Born At Geneva In Switzer Land. His Father Was A Native Of Ciistrin In Brandenburg, And Be Came A Citizen Of Geneva. Jacques Necker Had Been Sent To Paris In 1747 To Become A Clerk In The Bank Of ...
Jacques Offenbach
Offenbach, Jacques (1819-188o), French Com Poser Of Opera Bouffe, Was Born At Cologne, Of German Jewish Parents, On June 21, 1819. In 1833 He Was Sent To Paris To Study The Violoncello At The Conservatoire. As A Member Of The Orchestra Of The Opera Comique, He Turned His Opportunities To ...
James 1725 1783 Otis
Otis, James (1725-1783), American Patriot, Was Born At West Barnstable, Mass., On Feb. 5, 1725. He Was The Eldest Son Of James Otis (1702-1778), Fourth In Descent From John Otis (1581-1657), A Native Of Barnstaple, Devon, And One Of The First Settlers (in 1635) Of Hingham, Mass. The Elder James ...
James 1793 1886 Muspratt
Muspratt, James (1793-1886), British Chemical Manu Facturer, Was Born In Dublin On Aug. 12, 1793. At The Age Of 14 He Was Apprenticed To A Wholesale Druggist, But After A Quarrel With His Master He Went To Spain To Take Part In The Peninsular War. Returning To Dublin About 1814, ...
James Butler Ormonde
Ormonde, James Butler, 2nd Duke Of (1665 1745), Irish Statesman And Soldier, Son Of Thomas, Earl Of Ossory, And Grandson Of The 1st Duke, Was Born In Dublin On April 29, 1665, And Was Educated In France And Afterwards At Christ Church, Oxford. He Commanded A Regiment Of Horse In ...
James Butler Ormonde
Ormonde, James Butler, 1st Duke Of (1610 1688), Irish Statesman And Soldier, Eldest Son Of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles, And Of Elizabeth, Daughter Of Sir John Poyntz, And Grandson Of Walter, 11th Earl Of Ormonde (see Above), Was Born In London On Oct. 19, 161o. On The Death Of His ...
James Nasmyth
Nasmyth, James Scottish Engineer, In Ventor Of The Steam-hammer, Was Born In Edinburgh On Aug. 19, 1808, And Was The Youngest Son Of Alexander Nasmyth, The "father Of Scottish Landscape Art." He Started Business In Man Chester On His Own Account In 1834, And In A Few Years He Was ...
James Of Armagnac
James Of Armagnac, Duke Of Nemours (c. Was The Son Of Bernard D'armagnac, Count Of Pardiac, And Eleanor Of Bourbon-la Marche. As Comte De Castres, He Served Under Charles Vii. In Normandy In 1449 And 145o, And In Guienne. Louis Xi. Loaded Him With Honours, Married Him To His God ...
Jean Baptiste Nothomb
Nothomb, Jean Baptiste, Baron (1805-1881), Belgian Statesman And Diplomat, Was Born At Messancy In Luxem Burg On July 3, 1805. He Was Educated At The Athenaeum Of Luxemburg And The University Of Liege. He Was In Luxemburg When The Revolution Of August Broke Out, But Was Nominated A Member Of ...
Jean Marc 1685 1766 Nattier
Nattier, Jean Marc (1685-1766), French Painter, Was Born In Paris In 1685, The Son Of Marc Nattier, A Portrait Painter, And Of Marie Courtois, A Miniaturist. He Received His First Instruction From His Father, And Took The First Prize At The Paris Academy At The Age Of Fifteen. He Refused ...
Joannes Okeghem
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Joaquim Pedro De 1845 1894
Oliveira Martins, Joaquim Pedro De (1845-1894), Portuguese Writer, Was Born In Lisbon, And In 187o Was Appointed Manager Of The Aline Of St. Eufemia Near Cordova. In Spain He Wrote 0 Socialismo, And Developed That Sympathy For The Industrial Classes Of Which He Gave Proof Throughout His Life. Returning To ...
Johan Van 1547 1619 Oldenbarneveldt
Oldenbarneveldt, Johan Van (1547-1619) , Dutch Statesman, Was Born At Amersfoort On Sept. 14, After Studying Law At Louvain, Bourges And Heidelberg, And Travelling In France And Italy, Oldenbarneveldt Settled Down To Practise In The Law Courts At The Hague. In Religion A Moderate Calvinist, He Became A Zealous Adherent ...