The Baroque
The Baroque A Return To Naturalism And To A Dramatic Pictorialism Are The Characteristics Of The Baroque Art That, After The 16th Century, Supplanted The Classicism Of The High Renaissance. The Propor Tions Which The Classic Canon Had Established For The Human Body Retain Their Authority In The Baroque, But ...
The Battle Of Koniggratz
The Battle Of Koniggratz (or Sadowa) The Prussian Plans.—on July 1 Two Great Hosts Of Nearly A Quarter Of A Million Men Each (the Largest Forces That Met On One Battlefield Till The World War Of 1914) Lay Within A Few Miles Of Each Other. It Might Have Been Expected ...
The Biological Significance Of
The Biological Significance Of The Olfactory Sense In The Lower Animals, Just As In Mankind And Mammals, The Sense Of Smell Plays A Part In The Most Varied Activities Of Life. The Most Widespread Use To Which It Is Put Is The Finding Of Food. This Is Already Very Marked ...
The Bovine Free Martin
The Bovine Free-martin The Part Played By The Sex-hormones In Mammalian Inter Sexuality Is Best Illustrated By The Bovine Free-martin, A Genetic Female (xx) Co-twin To A Normal Male, The Reproductive System Of Which Becomes Abnormal During The Period Of Sexual Differ Entiation As A Result Of The Action Of ...
The Case Of Bonellia
The Case Of Bonellia The Marine Worm, Bonellia Viridis, Displays A Remarkable De Gree Of Sex-dimorphism. The Female Has A Body About The Size Of A Plum. The Male Is A Microscopic Pigmy Whose Internal Organs, Save Those Concerned With Reproduction, Are Degenerate And Who Lives As A Parasite Within ...
The Choice Of Material
The Choice Of Material The Modelling Of A Portrait Head And The Choice Of Size, Whether Life-size Or Over, Is Largely Conditioned By Choice Of The Material In Which The Head Is To Be Cut Or Cast. Wood, Stone, Metal And Terra Cotta Provide A Range Of Choice For The ...
The Civil War And
The Civil War And The Commonwealth The "bishops' Wars."—an Appeal To Arms Was Inevitable, But The Covenanters (q.v.) Were Prepared For It And Ready To Send One Army To Force The Covenant Upon The Episcopal North-east And Another To The Borders To Meet Such Levies As Charles, Then Ruling England ...
The Conflict Between The
The Conflict Between The Crown And The Barons The Early Stuart Kings.—the War Of Independence, And The Subsequent Warfare With England, Deeply Affected The Relations Between The Crown And The Great Baronial Families. The Distribu Tion Of The Estates Of The "disinherited" Among Bruce's Supporters Was One Of The Causes ...
The Cultural Function Of
The Cultural Function Of Marriage And Family This Is Perhaps The Most Debated And The Most Instructive Of All Anthropological Problems. The Institutions Of Marriage And Family.—careful In Ductive Comparison Reveals One Important Fact : Marriage And Family Are Almost Universal, And Can Be Traced Through All Types And Levels ...
The Decision Of The
The Decision Of The League Of Nations After Prolonged And Open Disagreement Between The Allied Powers, France Wishing To Assign The Whole Industrial Region To Poland, Great Britain To Leave All Except The South-east Corner, With Pless And Rybnik, To Germany, It Was Decided, Italy And Japan Supporting The British ...
The Development Of The
The Development Of The Sailing Ship In England, Henry V. (1413) Built Large Vessels For His Fleet, "great Ships, Cogs, Carracks, Ships, Barges And Ballingers," Some Of Which Were Of Nearly I,000 Tons, But The Generality From 420 To 52o Tons. In The List Of His Fleet No Galleys Seem ...
The Effects Of Parasitism
The Effects Of Parasitism Giard (1887) And Later Smith (1906) Have Described In Detail The Changes That Occur In Crabs Parasitised By Sacculina And Other Parasitic Crustacea. Sacculina, An Internal Parasite, Is A Cirripede Crustacean, And Part Of Its Body Projects To The Exterior Under The Abdomen Of Its Host, ...
The Ethical Basis Of
The Ethical Basis Of Social Relations The Central Problem Of Social Philosophy On Its Ethical Side Is The Nature Of Political Obligation And Authority. In This, Two Essentially Different Questions Are Involved Which It Is Important To Distinguish. We Have First Of All To Account For The Concentra Tion Of ...
The Force Of Irvings
The Force Of Irving's Example The Influence Of Irving Was Immediate And Wide-spread. His Great European Success Stimulated The Group Of Young Writers That, As We See It Now, Was To Become The Most Distinctive In American Literary History. A Veritable Epidemic Of Sketch-writing Was The Result. But There Was ...
The Function Of The
The Function Of The Eye To Man The Eye Is By Far The Most Important Of All The Sense Organs. With The Help Of Our Eyes We Recognise Our Fellow Men, Animals And Plants, The Things We Use In Daily Life, In Short All The World Around Us. He Who ...
The Future Of Sociology
The Future Of Sociology Unfortunately, There Does Not, As Yet, Exist Any Monographic Study Of The Typical Region—a River Valley, Which, From Source To Sea, Can Be Taken As Representative Of A Given Civilization. In Deed An Organization Adapted To A Working Correlation Of All The Relevant Specialisms, Both Social ...
The Identification Of Culture
The Identification Of Culture The Functional Method Seems At First Sight To Be Of Especially Easy Application To Artifacts, To Material Objects Fashioned By Man For His Cultural Uses. Food Stuffs Ready For Consumption, Man's Equipment In Protective Shelter And Clothing, His Tools And Weapons, Are All Obviously Means To ...
The Invertebrate Skeleton
The Invertebrate Skeleton The Materials Of The Skeleton Are Very Variable; It May, As In The Case Of The Vertebrate Notochord, Consist Of Living Cells Which Have Acquired Rigidity By The Accumulation Of Water Under Pres Sure In Vacuoles And Their Cytoplasm, That Is, By Turgones. More Usually It Consists ...
The Jacobite Risings
The Jacobite Risings "the Fifteen."—the First General Election For The British Parliament (1708) Gave Something Like National Sanction For The Union, Possibly Because Of The Alarm Caused By An Attempted French Invasion In The Beginning Of The Year. But The Process Of Carrying Out The Financial Provisions Of The Union ...
The Kingdom Of Saxony
The Kingdom Of Saxony Frederick Assumed The Government In 1768, And In His Long And Eventful Reign, Which Saw The Electorate Elevated To The Dignity Of A Kingdom, Though Deprived Of More Than Half Its Area, He Won The Surname Of The Just. As He Was The First King Of ...
The Location Of The
The Location Of The Sense Of Smell The Sense Of Smell Is, Usually, Only Very Indefinitely Located In Invertebrates. In These Animals, The Sensory Cells Which React To Chemical Stimuli Are Clearly Dis Tributed Over Large Areas Of The Skin. This Applies Particularly To Coelenterates, The More Lowly Of The ...
The Modern Military Rifle
The Modern Military Rifle The Modern Rifle Is So Constructed As To Constitute A Complete Offensive And Defensive Arm For One Man, Of Such A Size And Weight That One Man Can Carry It, Together With Its Ammunition And Accessories And The Other Essentials That A Soldier Is Required To ...
The Origins And Outbreak
The Origins And Outbreak Of The War The 1866 Campaign Was A Definite And Carefully Planned Stage In The Unification Of Germany Under The Hohenzollern Dynasty, Of Which Bismarck Was The Principal Agent. The Issue Was Clear-cut: Prussia Deliberately Challenged Austria For The Leadership Of The Germanic Confederation. And, However ...
The Partition Of Upper
The Partition Of Upper Silesia On The Re-creation Of The Polish State In 1918 The Question Of The Attribution Of Upper Silesia, With Its Great Mineral Wealth And Mixed Population Of 2,280,902, Became One Of Great Importance. It Was Decided And Provided By Article 88 Of The Treaty Of Ver ...
The Physical Properties Of
The Physical Properties Of Soil From The Standpoint Of Physics The Soil Is Regarded As A Mass Of Particles Of All Shapes And Sizes, Between Which Are Innumerable Voids And Interstices, Serving As Channels For The Movement Of Water And Air. The Physical Properties Of This Moist Porous Ma Terial ...
The Physiology Of The
The Physiology Of The Olfactory Sense On The Physiology Of The Olfactory Sense In Invertebrates, We Are Directed Chiefly By The Works Of Von Frisch, Which Deal With The Olfactory Sense Of Bees. He Trained The Bees To A Particular Odour, And, By This Means, Was Able To Establish The ...
The Place Of Signalling
The Place Of Signalling In War Its Older Forms, Which Are Prehistoric, Must Be Numbered Among Those Savage Arts That Civilization Kills But Cannot Emulate, Of Which The Mysterious Passage Of News Through The African Bush Is An Example To This Day. Compared With Them The Famous Beacon Fires, Calling ...
The Portraits Of Shakespeare
The Portraits Of Shakespeare The Mystery That Surrounds Much In The Life And Work Of Shakespeare Extends Also To His Portraiture. The Fact That The Only Two Likenesses Of The Poet That Can Be Regarded As Carrying The Authority Of His Co-workers, His Friends, And Relations—yet Neither Of Them A ...
The Properties Of Dilute
The Properties Of Dilute Solutions Vapour Pressures.—when A Pure Liquid, At A Given Tempera Ture, Is Put In An Evacuated Space It Gives Off Vapour Until The Latter Has A Definite Pressure Which Is Known As The Vapour Pres Sure Of The Liquid. If A Non-volatile Substance (i.e., A Substance ...
The Roman Empire
The Roman Empire Rome, After The 1st Century B.c., Became The Chief Patron Of The Realistic Sculpture Of Greece. The Production Of Copies And Imita Tions For The Roman Market Amounted Almost To An Industry In Antioch, Alexandria, And In Certain Cities In Asia Minor. Prece Dent And Convention Necessarily ...
The Rowing Galley
The Rowing Galley The Earliest Representations Of Egyptian Vessels Carry Us Back To A Period About 3,00o Years Before Christ. Some Of These Are Of Considerable Size, As Is Shown By Their Twenty Or More Rowers, And By The Cargo Consisting In Many Cases Of Cattle. The Earliest Of All ...
The Sense Of Taste
The Sense Of Taste Among Invertebrates, As We Have Already Mentioned, A Separate Sense Of Taste Has Been Demonstrated Only In Insects. In These Creatures, We Find Spatially Distinct Olfactory And Gustatory Organs, Which Respond To Different Stimuli. Up To The Present Time, The Insects Which Have Been Most Studied ...
The Soil Fungi
The Soil Fungi The Serious Study Of The Fungus Flora Of The Soil Commenced With The Work Of Oudemans And Koning A Quarter Of A Century Ago And Since Then Our Knowledge Has Shown A Rapid Growth Associated Chiefly With The Names Of Hagem And Traaen In Nor Way, Lendner ...
The Spinning Of Silk
The Spinning Of "silk Waste" The Term Silk Waste Includes All Kinds Of Raw Silk Which May Be Unwindable, And Therefore Unsuited To The Throwing Process. Be Fore The Introduction Of Machinery Applicable To The Spinning Of Silk Waste, The Refuse From Cocoon Reeling, And Also From Silk Wind Ing, ...
The Structure Of The
The Structure Of The Eyes In The Lower Animals Already In The Protozoa, However, True Eyes Are Found. In Vol Vox And Other Flagellates They Consist Of A Lens, And, Behind This, An Accumulation Of The Plasma, Which Frequently Is Pigmented. The Earthworm Has Isolated Pho To-sensitive Cells, Which May ...
The Struggle Between The
The Struggle Between The Church And The Crown Andrew Melville.—mary's Fall Also Meant The Complete Triumph Of Protestantism, And The Protestant Church Was Legally Established By Parliament In 5567. Its Early Organization Was The Work Of John Knox, And The Presbyterian System Which Became Its Characteristic Feature Was Introduced By ...
The Supernatural
The Supernatural Here The Functional View Is Put To Its Acid Test. What Can Be The Function Of Primitive Belief And Superstition, Of Animism Con Sidered As Valueless, Crude And Mistaken, Of Magic, Regarded As Spurious And Fallacious Pseudo-science, Of Totemism, Of Barbarous Burial Ceremonies And Of Cruel Initiation Rites? ...
The United States Senate
The United States Senate The Senate Is The Smaller (often Spoken Of As The Upper) Of The Two Chambers Of The United States Congress. It Is Com Posed Of 96 Members, Two From Each Of The 48 States. The Con Stitution Decrees That No State, Whatever Its Size Or Population, ...
The War Of Independence
The War Of Independence The Succession Problem.—alexander Iii. Was Killed By A Fall From His Horse In March 1286. His Two Sons And His Daughter Had Predeceased Him And His Only Living Descendant Was His Daughter's Infant Child, Margaret, Daughter Of Eric Of Norway. Her Age, Her Sex And Her ...
The Of Animals
The Of Animals Colours Play Such A Large Part In Human Life That The Question Whether Animals Also Possess A Sense Of Colour Is Of Extreme Inter Est To Us. In Speaking Of The Colour-sense Of Animals It Behoves Us To Make It Perfectly Clear At The Outset That It ...
The Septuagint
Septuagint, The, The Earliest Greek Translation Of The Old Testainent, So Named From The Legend Of Its Composition By 7o (lat. Septuaginta, Lxx.), Or More Exactly 72, Translators Sent From Jerusalem To Alexandria At The Request Of Ptolemy Ii. Philadelphus (288-247 B.c.) By The High Priest Eleazar. The Letter Of ...
The Seven Sleepers Of
Seven Sleepers Of Ephesus, The, According To The Most Common Form Of A Legend First Referred To In Western Literature By Gregory Of Tours (de Glor. Mart. C. 95), Seven Christian Youths Of Ephesus, Who, In The Decian Persecution (a.d. 25o), Hid Themselves In A Cave. Their Hiding-place Was Dis ...
The Seven Wise Masters
Seven Wise Masters, The, A Cycle Of Stories Of Oriental Origin. A Roman Emperor Causes His Son To Be Educated Away From The Court In The Seven Liberal Arts By Seven Wise Masters. On His Return To Court His Stepmother The Empress Seeks To Seduce Him. He Is Bound Over ...
The Short Story
Short Story, The. It Is Possible To Distinguish Between Three Forms Of Fiction—the Novel (roman), The Novelette (nou Velle) And The Short Story (conte). The Difference Between The First And Second Form Is A Matter Of Quantity Rather Than Quality : As May Be Deduced From A Comparison Of, Say, ...