A For Artists
A. For Artists Is Studied With Reference To The Effects Produced By Internal Structure On The External Form, And Describes The Organs, Especially The Muscles And Tendons, Not Only In A State Of Rest, But Also As Modified By Passion, Action, And Posture. Conse Quently, Observation Of The Nude Living ...
Abalia
Aba'lia, A Genus Of Plants, The Type Of The Natural Order This Order Is Dicotyledonous Or Exogenous, And Consists Of Trees, Shrubs, And Herbaceous Plants, Resembling The Umbelliferte (q.v.) Both In Their General Habit And In Their Botanical Char Acters, But Differing Essentially In The Fruit, Which Is Not Didymous ...
Abattoir
Abattoir (fr. Abattre, To Fell Or Destroy), A Slaughter-house. The Use Of This Term Has Passed Into England From France, Where The Example Was First Given Of Public Estab Lishments For The Slaughter Of Animals Used As Food, On Such A Scale And With Such San Itary Arrangements As To ...
Abb El Kader
Abb-el-kader, Properly El-hadji-abd-el-kader-ulid-mabiddin, Is The Descendant Of A Marabout Family Of The Race Of Ilaschem, Who Trace Their Pedigree To The Caliphs Of The Lineage Of Fatima. He Was Born At Glietna, An Educational Institution Of The :mara Bouts Near Mascara, Which Belonged To His Family. His Father, Who Died ...
Abbas Mirza
Abbas-mirza, A Persian Prince, Well Known By His Wars Against Russia, Was The Son Of The Shalt Feth-ali, And Was Born In 1783. Abbas Possessed Great Talents And Acquire 'dents, And A Love For The Manners And Culture Of The West. When He Was Yet Young. His Father Made Hint ...
Abbot
Abbot (" Father"). This Name, Originally Given To Any Aged Monk, Was Afterwarcn More Strictly Applied To The Superior Of A Monastery Or Abbey. Since The 6th C., Abbots Have Belonged To The Clerical Orders, But At First They Were Not Necessarily Priests. After The Second Nicene Council (787), Abbots ...
Abbreviations
Abbreviations Are Contrivances In Writing For Saving Time And Space. They Are Of Two Kinds, Consisting Either In The Omission Of Some Letters, Or Words, Or In The Sub St Itntion Of Some Arbitrary Sign. In The Earliest Times, When Uncial Or Lapidary Characters Were Used, Abbreviations By Omission Prevailed, ...
Abd Ul Aziz
Abd-ul-aziz, B. Feb. 9, 1830 ' • D. June 4, 1876; Second Son Of Mahmoud Ii., And Thirty-second Sultan Of The Turkish Empire. In Early Life He Had A Fondness For Agricul Ture, And Established A Model Farm. On Succeeding His Brother Abd-ul-medjid, June 25, 1861, He Gave Many Promises ...
Abdication
. Abdication Is The Act Of Giving Up An Office, Generally The Office Of Ruler Or Sover Eign. It Is Rarely Done Out Of Pure Preference Of A Private Station, But Is Generally The Result Of Vexation And Disappointment. It Was Perhaps Voluntarily, And From Being Wearied With Dominion, That ...
Abdomen
Abdomen. The Trunk Of The Human Body Is Divided By The Diaphragm Into Two Cavities—the Upper Being The Thorax Or Chest, And The Under, The Abdomen Or Belly. Both The Cavity Ss . - -- .--.. In And The Viscera It Contains Are Included In The ' 44f-'"7, 9 --, ...
Abelard
Ab'elard, Fr. Abelard Or Abailard ; Lat. Abae/ardits, Peter, A Scholastic Philoso Pher And Theologian, The Boldest Thinker Of The 12th C., Was H. Near Nantes, In 1079, At Palet, A Village Which Belonged To His Parents. An Irrepressible Thirst For Knowledge, And A Special Pleasure In Scholastic Logic, Moved ...
Abercromby
Abercromby, Sir Ralpii, Was Born Et 3ienstry, In Clackmannanshire, In 1734. He Was Designed By His Father For The Scottish Bar; And Studied From 1752 To 1755 At The Universities Of Edinburgh And Leipsic. His Natural Inclination, However, Pointed To A Nrilitary Life; And In 1758 He Went To Germany ...
Aberdeen
Aberdeen, The Chief City And Seaport In The N. Of Scotland, Lies In Lat. 51' 9' N. And Long. 2° 6' W., In The S.e. Angle Of The Co. Of The Same Name, At The Mouth Of The River Dee, Which Forms Its Harbor, And 111 M. N. Of Edinburgh. ...
Aberdeenshire
Aberdeenshire, A Large Maritime Co. In The E. Of Scotland, Between 56' 52 And Sr 42' N. Lat., And 1° 49' And 3' 48' W. Long.; Bounded N. By Banffshire And The North Sea; E. By The North Sea; S. By Kincardine, Forfar, And Perth Shires; W, By Inver Ness ...
Abernethy
Abernethy, Jorrx, A Very Eminent English Surgeon, Was Born In London In 1764. His Grandfather Was The Rev. John Abernethy, An Irish Presbyterian Clergyman, Who Acquired Distinction By His Writings, And His Bold Adoption Of Bishop Iioadly's Views On The Right Of Private Judgment And The Subscription Of Confessions. A.'s ...
Aberration Of Light
Aberration Of Light Is An Apparent Alteration In The Place Of A Star, Arising From The Motion Of The Earth In Its Orbit Combined With The Progressive Passage Of Light. When Rain Is Falling Perpendicularly, A Drop Entering At The Top Of An Upright Tube At Rest, Will Fo Through; ...
Abiogenesis
Abiogen'esis (see Generation, Spontaneous, Ante), The Name For The Supposed Production Of Living Matter From Non-living; One Of The Fundamental And Oldest Ques Tions In Biology; Recently Much Studied Because Of More Accurate Means Of Experiment, And Partly Because Of Its Important Bearing On Evolution, Correlation Of Forces, And The ...
Ablution
Ablution, A Symbol Of Purification, As When Aaron And His Sons Were Dedicated To The Priestly Office. A. Was Required Of All The Israelites As A Preparation For Receiving The Law At Mt. Sinai. It Was A Religious Custom With Other Nations Also, Particularly For Those To Be Inducted Into ...
Abner
Ab'ner, The Son Of Ner, And Uncle Of Saul And Commander Of His Army. After Saul's Death, The Tribe Of Judah Recognized David, While Abner Prevailed Upon The Other Tribes To Recognize Saul's Son, Ishbosheth. David Sent His Army, Under Joab, Into The Field, And A. Was Defeated. In His ...
Abortion
Abor'tion Is The Term Used In Medicine To Denote The Expulsion Of The Product Of Conception (the Impregnated Ovum) From The Womb Before The Sixth Month Of Pregnancy. If The Expulsion Takes Place After That Date, And Before The Proper Time, It Is Termed A Premature Labor Or Miscarriage. In ...
Abraham Iiyacintiie
Abraham Iiyacintiie, An Oriental Scholar, Was B. At Paris, Dec. 7, 1731. He Commenced The Study Of Theology In His Native City, And Afterwards Prosecuted It At Auxerre And Amersfort. But His Love Of Oriental Languages Drew Him Back To Paris, Where He Was Assisted By The Abbe Sallier, Overseer ...
Absentee
Absentee', A Term Applied, By Way Of Reproach, To Capitalists Who Derive Their Income From One Country, And Spend It In Another. It Has Been Especially Used In Discussions On The Social Condition Of Ireland. As Long As Ireland Had Its Own Parliament, A Great Por Tion Of The Large ...
Absinthe
Absinthe' (ante), Or Wonmwoon, Spirits Prepared From The Leaves And Flowering Tops Of Arternittia Alminthium; United With Angelica Root (arrhangelica Ofticinalia), Sweet Flag Root (acants Ealanvis), Dittany Leaves (origanirm Dirtannx), Fruit (sell Darn Anisatum), And Other Aromatics, Macerated In Alcohol Eight Days And Distilled. The Product Is An Enieraid Colored ...
Absolute
Absolute (ante). Hegel, Cousin, And Others Use Absolute As Self-existent Or "being" In Itself, Which Is The Primitive In Thought, The Ultimate In Science, And The Object Of Immediate Intuition; Or The Infinite, Recognized Solely As Pure Being. But The Knowledge Of An Absolute Has Been Held Impossible, On The ...
Absolution
Absolution, Originally A Term Of Roman Law, Signifying Acquittal, Is Now Used In An Ecclesiastical Sense. In The Primitive Christian Church, Its Form Was This: Members That Had Given Scandal By Gross And Open Sins Were Excluded From The Lord's Supper Or From The Congregation Altogether, And Could Be Readmitted ...
Absorption
Absorption (ante). All The Membranes And Tissues Of Living Bodies Have The Prop Erty Of Absorbing Fluids—a Property That Continues After Death And Until Decomposition. In Absorptions In Animal Organisms Fluids Do Not Penetrate Tissues Mechanically Through Orifices, For The Existence Of Such Orifices, Or Open Mouths, Once Taken For ...
Abstraction
Abstraction Is That Intellectual Process By Which The Mind Withdraws (abatraho) Sonic Of The Attributes Of Objects From The Others, And Thinks Of Them To The Exclusion Of The Rest. The Abstract Is Opposed To The Concrete. John, William, My Brother, Form Concrete Images In My Mind, Each With A ...
Abut Zo
Abut Zo, A District Of Italy, Was Formerly The N.e. Corner Of The Kingdom Of Na Ples, And Divided Into Three Parts—abruzzo Ulteriore I. And Ii., And Abruzzo Cite Riore. These Three Divisions Correspond To The Present Italian Provinces Chieti, Teramo, And Aquila Respectively. The Whole District Contains About 5000 ...
Abyss
Abyss, Used In Scripture To Denote The Ocean, Or The Under World, And For Hades, Or The Place Of The Dead, But Indicating Especially The Place Where Sinful Souls Were Imprisoned. In The A. Were Imprisoned The Giants Of Old; And There The Prophets Tell Us The Kings Of Egypt, ...
Acacia
Acacia, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Legumirwstr, Sub-order Miramar. The Genus A. Differs From Mimosa In The Greater Number Of Its Stamens (10-200), And Iu The Want Of Transverse Partitions In The Bivalvular Legumes. The Acacias Are Diffused Over All Quarters Of Time Globe Except Europe. The ...
Academus
Acade'mus, A Hero Of Athens, Whose Name Is Said To Be Perpetuated In "academy" Or "academia," The Grove In Which Plato Established His School. A. Is Recorded As Having Informed Castor And Pollux Of The Place Where Their Sister Helen Was Hidden. Acad'elly, A Name Originally Applied To The Philosophical ...
Acaleph
Acaleph'. (gr. " Nettles"), A Term Given By Aristotle To The Jelly-fishes Or Medusidee And Their Allies, In Allusion To Their Stinging Propensities. As In All Other Calenterate Animals, The Iirticating Or Stinging Properties Of Such Forms Reside In The Cnithe Or "thread Cells," With Which The Tissues Of Their ...
Acanthus
Acanthus, The Name Given By The Greeks And Romans To The Plants Sometimes Called Brancursine, Of Which It Is Also The Botanical Generic Name. A. /410/1i3 And A. Spinosa, Natives Of The South Of Europe, Are The Species Best Known. -the Twining Habit Of The Plants, Their Large White Flowers, ...
Acariis Follicultriin
Acariis Follicultriin Is The Most Generally Accepted Name For A Microscopic Parasite Residing In The Sebaceous Sacs And Hair Follicles Of The Human Skin. It Is Also Known As The Demodex Folliculorum, The Generic Name Being Derived From The Greek Words Demos, Lard, And (fix, A Boring Worm. It Was ...
Acceptance
Acceptance (ante), An Agreement To Pay A Bill When Legally Due, Applied Usually To Bills Of Exchange. There Is No Fixed Time Within Which A Bill Must Be Presented For A., But Usage Prescribes As Early A Time As May Be Reasonably Convenient, So That The Acceptor May Know When ...
Accessory
Accessory (ante). An A. Before The Fact Is One Who Participates In The Act; An A. After The Fact, One Guilty Of A Crime Of His Own In Which The Principal Properly Had No Share. Perpetrators In Person Of Crime May Be Principals In First Or Second Degree; One Not ...
Accipitres
Accip'itres (plural Of The Lat. Accipiter, A Hawk), The Name Given By Liimmus To An Order Of Birds, Including, According To His System, The Genera Voila?. (vultures), Fate° (eagles, Falcons, Hawks, Etc.), Strix (owls), And Lanius (shrikes), And Principally Distinguished By A Hooked Bill, Short Strong Feet, And Sharp Hooked ...
Acclimatize
Acclimatize, To Accustom An Animal Or Plant To A Climate Not Natural To It. The Process, Of Course, Varies Widely, According To The Amount Of Difference Between The Old And The New Climate. In Cases Where The Difference Is Extreme, Important Changes Take Place In The Constitution, And Are Often ...
Accompaniment
Accompaniment, In Music, Is The Assisting Or Aiding Of A Solo Part By Other Parts, Which May Consist Of A Whole Orchestra, Or A Single Instrument, Or Even Subservient Vocal Parts. It Serves To Elevate And Beautify The Solo Part, And Is Subject To Certain Rules For Composition As Well ...
Acetic Acid
Acetic Acid, The Soar Principle In Vinegar, Is The Most Common Of The Vegetable Acids. If Alcohol, Diluted With Water, Be Mixed With A Ferment, Such As Yeast, And Ex Posed To The Air At, Or A Little Above, Its Ordinary Temperature, It Is Rapidly Converted Into Vinegar Or A. ...
Achilies
Achilies, The Hero Of Homer's Iliad, Was The Son Of King Peleus And Thetis, A Sea Goddess, Belonging To A Line Descended From Jove. Of His Life Before The Trojan War, And Of His Death After The Fall Of Troy, The Poets After Homer First Profess To Give Accounts. We ...
Achromatic
Achromatic Without Color, The Name Applied To Lenses And Telescopes Through Which Objects Are Seen Without False Colors, Or, In Other Words, Free From That Colored Fringe Which, In The Old Telescopes, Surrounded The Object, And Diminished Its Distinctness. The White, Or Rather Colorless Ray Of Light Is Of Several ...
Acids
Acids. An Acid Is A Chemical Compound Distinguished By The Property Of Combin Ing With Bases In Definite Proportions To Form Salts (q.v.). The Most Striking Charac Teristics Of A. Are A Sour Taste, And The Property Of Reddening Vegetable Blues. They Are Also Mostly Oxidized Bodies; And At One ...
Aclinic Line
Aclin'ic Line An Imaginary Line Around The Earth Between The Tropics, Where The Needle Has No Declination. It Is Called The Magnetic Equator, And Is About 70° From The Magnetic Poles. The Line Is Variable And Irregular; In The Western Hemisphere It Is S. And In The Eastern N. Of ...
Aconite
Aconite, (amhara), A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Ranuaculacem (q.v.), Having Five Petaloid Sepals, Of Which The Upper One Is Helmet-shaped, And Two Hammer Headed Petals Concealed Within The Helmet-shaped Sepal. The Fruit Consists Of 3 To 5 Fol Licles. A. Napellus, The Common Wolf's-bane Or 31o:cu.'s-noon, Often ...
Acottstics
Acotts'tics (ante). The Velocity Of Sound Has Been Determined By Ascertaining The Time Intervening Between The Flash And Report Of A Gun, As Observed At A Given Distance, And Dividing The Distance By The Time. After Many Experiments In Various Countries, Van Der Kolk Assit;ned 1091 Ft. 8 In. Per ...
Acoustics
Acoustics (gr. Aleouo, I Hear) Is The Science Of Sound. This Part Of Physics Is Bften. Treated In Connection With The Atmosphere—an Arrangement That Seems Inappropriate; For The Atmosphere Is Only The Most Common Conductor Of Sound: And Every Substance, Whether Solid Or Fluid, Is Capable, As Well As Air. ...
Acrostic
Acrostic Is A Greek Term For A Number Of Versea The First Letters Of Which Follow Some Predetermined Order, Usually Forming A Word—most Commonly A Name—or A Phrase Or Sentence. Sometimes The Final Letters Spell Words As Well As The Initial, And The Peculiarity Will Even Run Down The Middle ...
Acroterion
Acrote'rion (gr., The Summit Or Extremity), A Term In Arch, For A Statue Or Other Ornament Placed On The Apex Or At One Of The Lower Angles Of A Pediment. Some Under Stand By A. The Pedestal On Which Such Ornament Stands. Act, In The Drama, Is A Distinct Part ...
Act Of Parliament
Act Of Parliament Is A Resolution Or Law Passed By All The Three Branches Of The Legislature—the King [or Queen). Lords, And Commons. The Expression Is Generally Used To Signify The Record Of An A. Of P., And Such Records Are Strictly Synonymous With The Term "statutes," Or "statutes Of ...
Act Of Settlement
Act Of Settlement, A Name Given To The Statute 12 And 13 Will. Iii. C. 2, By Which The Crown Was Limited To The Family Of Her Present Majesty, Queen Victoria. It Was Towards The End Of King William Iii. 's Reign, When All Hopes Of Other Issue Died With ...
Act Of Toleration
Act Of Toleration Is The Name Commonly Given To Tho Act Of Parliament 1 W. And 31., St. 1, C. 18, Confirmed By 10 Anne, C. 2, By Which All Persons Dissenting From The Church Of England (except Roman Catholics And Persons Denying The Trinity) Were Relieved From Such Of ...
Actiiim
Ac'tiiim (now Azio), A T. And Promontory On The W. Coast Of Greece, At The Entrance Of The Ambraciot Bay, Now The Gulf Of Arta, Is Memorable For The Sea-fight Which Took Place Near It, 2d Sept., 31 B.c., Between Octavianus (afterwards The Emperor Augustus) And Marcus Antonius. These Two ...
Actinia
Actin'ia, A Genus Of Marine Animals, Belonging To The Sub-kingdom Calenterata (see Sub Kingdoms, Animal), And To The Class Ac-tinozoa, Of Which Latter Group The Genus Is Thoroughly Typical. The Animals Included In This Genus Arc Familiarly Known As " Sea Anemones. ' They Are Found Attached By Their Bases ...
Action
Action, In Its Large And General Sense, Means A Judicial Proceeding Before A Compe Tent Tribunal For The Attainment Of Justice; And In This Sense It Is Applied To Procedure, Whether Criminal Or Civil. In.its More Limited Acceptation, It Is Used To Signify Ings In The Civil Courts, Where It ...
Acts Of The Apostles
Acts Of The Apostles (ante), The Name, Generally, And, From A Vtly Early Period, Given To The Fifth Book Of The New Testament, Which Is Often Quoted By The Early Christian Writers, And Always As The Work Of Luke The Evangelist. The Introduction To It Connects It With The Third ...
Acupress1tre
A'cupress1tre, A Mode Of Arresting Hemorrhage From Cut Arteries. It Is Based On The Principle Of Temporary Metallic Compression, And Was First Suggested To The Scientific World By Sir James V. Simpson, Bart., In A Paper Read Before The Royal Society Of Edinburgh, Dec., 1839. The Simplest Mode Of Practicing ...
Adam
Adam And Eve. The Narrative Of The Creation And Fall Of A. And E. Is Given In Genesis. To The Scriptural Account The Later Jewish Writers In The Talmud Have Made Many Tasteless Additions. They Tell Us That The Stature Of A., When First Created, Reached To The Heavens, While ...
Adams
Adams, Jolts, The Second President Of The U. S. Of N. Am., Was Born At Braintree, In Mass., On The 19th Of Oct., 1735. His Parents Were Descended From A Puritan Family Which Had Emigrated From England To Mass, In 1640. Before The Revolution, A. Had Dis Tinguished Himself As ...
Adams John
Adams. John, (ante). John Adams Was The Great-grandson Of Henry, The English Emigrant; His Father Was A Deacon Of The Church And Selectman, A Farmer Of Small Means And A Shoemaker, But He Off John A Good Education At Harvard, Whence Lie Went To Wor Cester And Took Charge Of ...
Adams_2
Adams, Jomc Qrrscy (ante). Under The Advantages Secured While With His Father Abroad, John Quincy Became One Of The Best Educated Men Of His Time. He Grad Uated From Harvard In 1788, And Studied Law With Theophilus Parsons Three Years; Was Admitted To The Bar In 1791, And Mixed Law ...
Adanson
Ad'anson, .mteuel, A Celebrated French Botanist, B. At Aix, April 7, 1727. He Soon Left The Clerical Profession, For Which Lie Was Educated, And Devoted Himself To The Study Of Natural History. In His Early Career He Entertained The Ambition Of Superseding The Linmean System By A Clearer And More ...
Adaxites
A'daxites, A Sect Of Fanatics Who Spread Themselves In Bohemia And Moravia In The 15th And 16th C., But Had No Connection With The Missiles. One Picard Is Said To Have Been The Founder Of The Sect About 1400. He Styled Himself Adam, The Son Of God, Rejected The Sacrament ...
Aden
A'den, A Peninsula And T. On The S.w. Coast Of Arabia. The Most Southern Promon Tory Of The Peninsula, Cape Aden, Is In N. Lat. 12° 47', And C. Long. 45° 9'. This Penin Sula, The Area Of Is 18 To 20 Sq. In., Is Doubtless Of Volcanic Origin, And ...
Adeniiis
Adeniiis And Are The Terms Employed In Medicine To Indicate Inflammation Of The Lymphatic Glands And Inflammation Of The Lymphatic Vessels Respec Tively. In Most Instances Of Inflammation In The Absorbent Or Lymphatic System, The Vessels And Glands Are Simultaneously Involved. Although There Is Plenty Of Evidence, From The Examination ...
Adhesion
Adhesion, In Botany, The Union Of Parts In A Plant Which Are Separate In Other Plants, Or In The Younger States Of The Same Plant. What We Are Accustomed To Consider Parts Of Different Nature Only Seem So In Consequence Of The Way In Which A. Occurs. A Leaf Is ...
Adjudication
Adjudication Is A Technical Term Used In The Practice Both Of The English And Scotch Law, But With A Totally Different Meaning In The Two Systems. In The Law English England, Theterm A. Is Commonly Used To Denote The Judicial Determination At A Certain Stage Of The Proceedings In Bankruptcy. ...
Admiral
Admiral, The Title Of The Highest Rank Of Naval Officers. The Word Is Generally Supposed To Have Been Derived From The Arabic Emir Or Amir, A Lord Or Chief Mumenim, "commander Of The Faithful;" "commander Of The Forces"). Thus The Early English Form Was Amiral Or Ammird (occurring Once In ...
Admiralty Court
Admiralty Court. This Court—whose Functions Are Now Exercised By The Probate, Divorce And Admiralty Division Of The High Court Of Justice, Constituted In 1873-5—was Created To Try And Decide Maritime Causes. Formerly, The Maritime Courts Of England Were Divided Into The Instance Court And The Prize Court—separate Tribunals, Though Usually ...
Admiralty Jurisdiction
Admiralty Jurisdiction, In American Practice, Extends, In Criminal Cases, To Offenses Committed Beyond Any National Jurisdiction And On The High Sea. In Civil Matters It Includes Salvage, Bottomry, Hypothecation, Seizures Under The Laws Of Trade: Navigation Or Customs; Prizes, Charters, Certain Contracts Between Different States Or Foreign Ports, Contracts For ...
Adoption
Adoption (lat. Adoptio); A Legal Institution Of Such Importance In Both Of The Classi Cal Nations Of Antiquity. A., In The Strictest Sense, In The Roman Law, Applied Only To The Case In Which A Person In The Power Of His Father Or Grandfather Was Transferred To That Of The ...
Adultery
Adultery (lat. Adulteriurnj Has Been Well Defined As "the Voluntary Sexual Inter Course Of A Married Person With A Person Other Than The Offender's Husband Or Wife." (bishop On Marriage And Divorce,§ 415.) By The Roman Law, Then Was No A. Unless The Woman Was Married, And The Same Was ...
Adverb
Adverb. As An Adjective Is Joined To A Noun, So Is An A., For Analogous Purposes, To A Verb, An Adjective, Or Another A. From The Frequency With Which Adverbs Are Joined To Verbs, They Get Their Name. An A. Cannot Be The Subject, The Copula Or The Predicate Of ...
Advertisement
Advertisement (fr. Arertissement), The Public Notification Of A Fact. This Is Now Commonly Effected Either By Means Of The Ordinary Newspapers, Or Of Newspapers, Printers' Lists And Other Publications Specially Devoted To The Purpose. Advertisements, Both Printed And Written, Are Still Posted On Church-doors, And Other Places Of Public Resort, ...
Advertisements
Advertisements (ante). In The U. S., Advertising Has Grown To A Sur Prising Extent Within Two Or Three Decades, And Is Still Growing, Not Only In The Newspa Pers, But In Boats, Railway Cars And Public Buildings. Fences, Rocks And Trees Are Cov Ered With Print And Paint. So Much ...
Advocate
Advocate (lat. Adrocatus). An A. Is Generally Defined "the Patron Of A Cause," Though It Does Not Appear That The "patrons" Who, In Ancient Rome, Assisted Their Clients With Advice And Pleaded Their Causes, Were Ever Called By That Name. Even In The Time Of Cicero, The Term Adcocatus Was ...
Advocate_2
Advocate, Lotto. The L. A. For Scotland, Called Also The King's Or Queen's A., Is The Public Prosecutor Of Crimes, Senior Counsel For The Crown In Civil Causes, And A Political Functionary Of.yery Great ,importance In Management. Of Scottish Affairs. He May Issue Warrants For Arrestment And Imprisonment In Any ...
Advocates Library
Advocates' Library, This Library, Which Belongs To The Faculty Of Advocates In Edinburgh, Was Established By Sir Geo. Mackenzie In 1682. It Had At First No Fixed Fund; The Faculty, From Time To Time, Set Apart Sums For Its Maintenance, And Donations Were Made For Its Use, Not Only By ...
Advocation
Advoca'tion, A Form Of Process In The Law Of Scotland, To Remove A Cause From An Inferior Court To The Supreme Court, Either For The Purpose Of Review, Or That The Cause Might Be Conducted In The Court Of Session. Final Judgments Of Inferior Courts Were Brought Under Review Of ...
Advowson
Advow'son. The Right Of Presentation To A Church Or Ecclesiastical Benefice In Eng Land. Advowsons Are Either Appendant Or In Gross. Lortls Of Manors Were Originally The Only Founders, And, Of Course, The Only Patrons Of Churches; And So Long As A Right Of Patronage Continues Annexed Or Appended To ...
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics Is That Branch Of Science Which Treats Of Air And Other Gases In Motion. It Examines First The Phenomena Of Air Issuing From A Vessel, Which Correspond In Many Respects With Those Of Water. See Hydrodynamics. Much Depends, As In The Case Of Water. Upou The Nature Of The ...
Aerolites
A'erolites (gr. Aer, Air, And Lithos, Stone), Or Meteoric Stones, Fireballs, And Srtoorixo-srans: Are Now Classed Together As Being Merely Varieties Of The Same Phenomenon. A. That Fall During The Day Arc Observed To Be Projected From A Small Dark Cloud, Accompanied By A Noise Like Thunder Or The Firing ...
Aerostatics
Aerostatics. This Branch Of Science Treats Of The Equilibrium And Pressure Of Air And Other Gases, And Of The Methods Of Measuring It By The Barometer And Other Instru Ments. The Expansive Force Or Pressure Of Atmospheric Air Varies With Time And Place. In A Medium Condition Of The Atmosphere, ...
Affidavit
Affidavit, An Oath In Writing, Or A Written Declaration Made Before A Magistrate, Or Other Person Legally Authorized To Administer An Oath, The Truth Of Which Is Confirmed Either By An Oath Sworn, Or A Solemn Affirmation Emitted In Terms Of 18 Viet. C. 25, And The Other Statutes Referred ...
Afghanistan
Afghanistan', The Land Of The Afghans, Formerly Known By The Names Of Dran.giana And Ariana, Lies Between Hit. 23° And 38° N., And In Long. From 62° To 73° E. Afghan Is A Persian Name; The Inhabitants Style Themselves Pushtaneh (plural Of Pushtu). Their Country Is Bounded On The N. ...
Africa
Africa, The Second In Point Of Size Of The Great Divisions Of The Globe, Has Long Been Truly The " Dark Continent," The Land Of Mystery; But Of Late Much Has Been Done To Open It To Us By The Enterprise Of Explorers, The Zeal Of Missionaries, The Perseverance Of ...
African Methodist Episcopal Church
African Methodist Episcopal Church. American Methodist', From The Beginning Of Their History, Labored Diligently For The Conversion And Elevation Of People In The United States, Both N. And S., Thousands Of Whom Are Now In Com Munion With The M. E. Church. In 1816, A Company Of Them, With The ...