21. Gall found the prominence of this organ accompanied by instinc tive. and often irrepressible mimicry. The tendency to imitate is evidently inutile; from i he earliest years it makes the young follow the customs and the manner of speech of Loose around them, and so preserves:1 convenient uniformity in the manners and exter nals of society. Celebrated actors always possess it strong, and by its means imitate the ropposed manner, and even feel the sentiments, of their characters. Its organ is found large also in painters and sculptors of eminence. In its morbid states the impulse to :filmic becomes irresistible.
We now come to the intellectual faculties, or those which make us acquainted with things that exist, and with their qualities and rentions. Dr. Spur-Alan divided them into three genera-1. The external senses; 2. The internal senses, or perceptive facul ties; 3. The reflecting faculties.
The external senses, as generally received, are five In number—touch, taste, smell, hearing, and eight. There seem to be two more—namely, the sense of hunger and thirst, and the muscular sense, or that by which we feel the state of our muscles as acted upon by force and resistance. Without thus last sense we could not keep our balance, or suit our movements to the laws of the mechanical world. Whether each sense has a special cerebral organ in addition to its external apparatus and nerves, is a question regarded by phrenologists as still undetermined.
22. Individuality, the first in the list of the perceptive faculties, is not 'easily defined. It is said to take cognizance of individual objects as such, e.•., a horse or a tree. Other knowing faculties perceive the form, color, size, and weight of the horse, but individn ality is thought to unite all these, and give the idea of a horse. It is regarded as the store-house of knowledge of things simply ezisting. When it is strong, without being accompanied by reflecting power, the mind is full of facts, but unable to reason from them. After puberty, the size of the organ of individuality, as well as of the neighbor ing organs of size, weight., coloring, and locality—all situated behind the superciliary ridge of the skull—is often rendered doubtful by the existence of a hollow space, of uncertain width and extent, between the two plates of the skull. This hollow is called the frontal sinus; and when it is large, there may be a great. projection of the bone over the eyes, without a corresponding projection of within. When this part of the skull is flat, however, the organs mast lie at least as defective as the flatness indicates. Owing to the source of uncertainty here pointed out, and the smallness of the organs behind the eyebrows, the functions of those parts of the brain are not regarded as being so well ascertained as those of the burger organs, nor a cautious phrenologist be too ready to pronounce them large.
23. the organ of form is large, the eyes are wide asunder. Dr. Gall discovered it in persons remarkable for recognizing faces after long intervals, and although perhaps only once and briefly seen. The celebrated Cuvier owed much of his access in comparative anatomy to his large organ of form. Decandolle mentions that " his [Ouvier's] memory was particularly remarkable in what related to forms, con sidered• in the widest sense of that word; the figure of an animal seen in reality or in drawing never left his mind, and served him as a point of comparison for all similar objects." 24. Size.—Every object has size or dimension; hence a faculty seems necessary to cognize this quality. The supposed organ is situated at the inner extremeties of the eyebrows, where they turn upon the nose. A perception of size (including distance) is important to our movements and actions, and essential to our safety.
25. Weight.—A power to perceive the different degrees of weight and force is like wise essential to man's movements, safety, and even existence. Phrenologists have generally localized the organ of that power in the part of the brain marked 25 on the brat 26. Coloring.—The organ of this faculty is large hi great painters, especially great colorists, and gives an arched appearance to the eyebrow; for example, in Milieus, Titian, Rembrandt, Salvator Rosa. and Claude Lorraine. In eases of color-blindness, it. is found small. Many persons, though able to distinguish colors, have no perception of their harmonies: for this perception a higher endowment of the faculty seems to be required. • 27. Locality.—Dr. Gall was led to the discovery of this faculty by comparing his own difficulties with a companion's facilities in flailing their way through the wocds, where they had placed snares for birds, and marked nests, when studying natural history. Every material object must exist in some part of space, and that part of becomes place in virtue of being so occupied. Objects themselves are cognized by individuality; but their place, the direction where they lie, the way to them, fall within the sphere of locality. Its organ is large in those who find their way easily, and vividly remembet places in which they have been. It materially aids the traveler, and is supposed to give a love for traveling. The organ was large in Columbus, Cook, Park, Clarke, and other travelers.