Xenociultes
Xenociultes, An Ancient Philosopher, Was B. At Chalcedon 396 B.c., And Died 314. At An Early Age, He Attached Himself To Plato, And In Course Of Time, Was So Much Esteemed For His Proficiency In Philosophy And High Moral Character, That He Was Thought Worthy Of Succeeding Speusippus, Plato's Successor, ...
Xenophon
Xenophon, Celebrated As A General, Historian, And Philosopher, Was B. At Athens 445 S.c. At An Early Age, He Became A Pupil Of Socrates, And Is Said To Have Been Saved From Death By That Philosopher At The Battle Of Delimn. At The Of 40 Or There Abouts, Lie Joined ...
Xerxes I
Xerxes I. (the Name Is Perhaps Akin To Sanskrit Kshatra, King), King Of Persia, Was The Eldest Son Of Darius And His Second Wife Atossa, And Was Appointed Successor By His Father, In Preference To Artabazanes, His Eldest Son By His First Wife, Whose Children Were All Born Before Darius ...
Xysythrus
Xysythrus, According To The Chaldean Historian Berosus, Was King Of Babylon At The Time Of The Deluge. ' In The Fragments Of The History Which Have Been Preserved By Eusebius, It Is Said That Many People Of Different Tribes Dwelt Together On The Plain Of Shiner, Without Laws And In ...
Yacht
Yacht Is A Small Vessel Constructed So As Best To Insure Strength, Elegance, And Speed, And Exclusively Employed For Pleasure-sailing. Vessels Of This Sort Were First Con Structed In This Country In 1604, At Which Date A Yacht Was Built By The King's Master Shipwright For Henry, Eldest Son Of ...
Yacht_2
Yacht (ante). The First Club Of The United States Was Founded In New York In 1844; In 1845 A Club House Was Built Ou The Hudson Near Hoboken ; And In The Same Year The First Regatta Was Held In New York Bay. In 1846 The First Race Was Contested ...
Yajnavalkya
Yajnavalkya Is The Reputed Author Of The S'atapatha-brdhman'a (see Pajurveda, Under Veda), And Of A Dharmastastra, Or Law-book (see Sanskrit Literature, See. Lair). His Name Points To His Being A Descendant Of Yajnavalka, And, According To Tra Dition, Lie Was Also A Descendant Of Fiswimitra (q.v.), And Belonged To A ...
Yale College
Yale College (ante) Received Its First Charter In 1701 From The Colonial Assembly, And In The Succeeding Year Nathaniel Chauncey Received The First Degree Granted. The Sessions Were Held In That Part Of Killingworth Nowknown As Clinton Until 1707, Abram Pierson Being The First Rector Of The Collegiate School. The ...
Yamiina
Yamiina", The Modern Jumna, Is One Of The Sacred Rivers Of The Hindus, Mentioned As Such As Early As In The Hymns Of The Rigveda. Bathing In It, Especially Where It Falls Into The Ganges, At Allahabad, Was At A Later Period, And Is Now, Supposed To Have The Efficacy ...
Yana
Yana, The Hindu God, Who, At The Epic And Purfin'ic Period Of Hinduism (see Isola, See. Religion), Is The Sovereign Of The Manes, And The Judge Of The Dead, Is, In The Hymns Of The Ingveda, A Son Of Vivas'wat And Saran' Ya, And A Twin-brother Of Yami, Whose Desire ...
Yang Tze Kiang
Yang-tze-kia'ng, " Son Of The Great River" Or "sea," The Principal River Of Asia, The " Girdle Of China," Connecting Together All The Central Provinces Of That Empire, Situ Ated Between Tibet And Kokonor On The W. And The Pacific Ocean On The East. Its Entire Length Through All Its ...
Yaws
Yaws, Known Scientifically As Frainbasia, Is A Cutaneous Eruption Of A Very Peculiar Nature, Which Commonly Attacks Negroes, But Has Been Noticed In Europeans. The Disease Is Preceded By Languor And Pain Iu The Limbs, And Shivering, Succeeded By Heat And Restlessness, And Is More Severe In Children Than In ...
Year
Year, A Division Of Time Containing A Complete Course Of The Seasons, And Depending Upon The Revolution Of The Earth (q.v.)round The Sun. Its Duration Was Variously Deter Mined By The Nations Of Antiquity; The Earliest Method Being The Conventional-one Of Making It- Include A Certain Number Of Lunar Months; ...
Yeast
Yeast, In The Process Of Fermentation Of Saccharine Fluids Containing Albuminous Matter, As In Brewing Or Wine-making, The Originally Clear Fluid Becomes Turbid, Car Bonic Acid Is Evolved, And The Substance Causing The Turbidity Gradually Separates In A Graying Foaming Mass Of A Bitter Taste And An Acid Reaction. This ...
Yellow Bird
--yellow-bird. Corrithr, Or Crows. Scc Corviile, Crow, Magpie, Rook, Umbrella Bird. Sturnidce, Or Starlings (q.v.). See Also Bower-bird, 'graki,e, And Troopial. Par Adisaidre (q.v.) Or Birds Of Paradise (q.v.). See Also Plume-bird. Bueeridce. See Ilornbill_ (sometimes Placed With Corvidce). The Dentirostres Contain The Following Families: Sylriache (q.v.), Or Warblers (q.v.). ...
Yellow Fever
Yellow Fever Is A Disease Endemic In Low Districts Near The Sea, But Under Certain Circumstances Sporadic In Other Places, Never Appearing Beyond 48° Of N. Lat., Nor With Out A Temperature Of At Least 72° F., Nor Above The-elevation Of 2,500 Ft. Above The Level Of The Sea, Depending ...
Yellowstone
Yellowstone, A River Of The United States; Rises In A Beautiful Lake Of The Same Name High Up In The Rocky Mountains, And Receiving Numerous Branches From The S., Flows North-easterly Through The Territory Of Montana, And Empties Into The Missouri River, In The N.w. Part Of Dakota Territory, Lat. ...
Yemen
Yemen, In A Wide Sense, Includes The Whole S. And S.w. Of Arabia; But, More Strictly, Is The Name Of Only The South-western Corner Of The Peninsula, Bounded On The N. By Hedjaz And Nedjed; And On The E. By Hadramaut And The Desert. It Was Known To The Ancients ...
Yetholh
Yetholh, A Parish Of Scotland, In The N.e. Of Roxburghshire, Bordering On England, 15 Na. E.u.e. Of Jedburgh. The Beaumont Water Runs Through The Parish, And On Either Side Of This Stream Are The Villages Of Kirk-yetholm And Town-yetholm, The Former Being The Head-quarters Of The Gypsies In Scotland. According ...
Yggdrasil
Ygg'drasil, The Name Given In Scandinavian Mythology To A Tree, The Greatest And Most Sacred Of All Trees, Which Was Conceived As Binding Together Heaven, Earth, And Hell. It Is An Ash, Whose Branches Spread Over All The World, And Reach Above The Heavens. It Sends Out Three Roots In ...
Yiidhishtiiira
Yiidhishtiiira. See Pl'x'n'avas. /wa (from The Sanskrit Yuj, Join; Kindred To The Lat. Jung-, The Gr. Eeug-, Gothic, Juk; Hence, Literally, Junction) Denotes, In Hindu Mythology And Astronomy, A Long Mundane Period Of Years, Which Is Preceded By A Period Called Sizndbya, " Twilight," And Followed By A Similar Period ...
Ylang Ylang
Y'la.ng Y'lang. See Luang Inn Co. Plusia Gamma, A Beautiful Species Of Moth (q.v.) Common In Britain And Throughout Great Part Of Europe, About An Inch In Entire Length, Without Reckoning The Antenna:, Which Are Not Quite Half An Inch. The Color Is Lilac, Variegated With Brown, The Upper Wings ...
Yokohama
Yokohama (japagese For " Cross Shore"), A T. Of Japan, In The Island Of Nipou, And The Port For The Foreign Trade Of Tokio. It Is Situated On The S. Side Of A Bight Of The Bay ' Of Yedo, About 17 M. From Tokio, And Opposite To Kanagawa. In ...
York
York, The Capital Of Yorkshire, Is Situated At The Junction Of The Rivers Ouse And Foss, The Three Ridings Of The County Meeting At The Same Place, And Is Nearly Equidis Tant From London And Edinburgh. It Is The Seat Of An Archbishopric, A County In Itself, And Is Municipal ...
Yorkshire
Yorkshire, Which Is Larger In Lrritorial Extent Than Any Other Two Counties In England, Is Situated Nearly In The Center Of Great Britain, About Midway Between Lon Don And Edinburgh. "its Extreme Points," Says Allen, In His History Of The County, "lie Between The Parallels Of 53° 18' To 54° ...
Yorktown
Yorktown, Capital Of York Co., Va., S. Side Of York River, 10 M. From Its Mouth, Is Chiefly Noted For Its Two Sieges, 1781 And 1862. Cornwallis Having Established Himself Here Aug. 1, 1781, Fortified The Town With 7 Redoubts And 6 Batteries On The Land 'side, And A Line ...
Youatt
Youatt, Wumr&m, B. England; Founded The Veterinarian In 1828. He Was A Veterinary Surgeon, Among Whose Works Are The Horse (1831); Sheep (1832); Ths Dog (1842), And The Pig (1847). Y017'glial, A Sea-port, Parliamentary, And Municipal Borough Of The Barony Of Inua Killy, County Of Cork, Munster, Ireland, Situated In ...
Young
Young, Alttliult, An Eminent Writer On Agriculture, Was Born Sept. 7, 1741, And Edu Catedat Lavenham In Suffolk. In 1758 He Was Apprenticed By His Father, A Doctor Of Divinity And Clergyman Of The Church Of England, To A Mercantile House In Lynn. But Young Had No Liking For Business, ...
Ypsilanti
Ypsilanti, A Fanariot Family, Which Falsely Pretends To Be Descended From The Im Perial Stock Of The Comneni, Has Furnished Various Champions Of The Christian Population Under Turkish Rule. The First Of These, Prdice Constantine Ypsilanti, Was Born In 1760 At Constantinople, And For His Translation Of The Works Of ...
Yule
Yule, The Old Name (still In Provincial Popular Use) For Christmas. It Points To Heathen Times, And To The Annual Festival Held By The Northern Nations At The Winter Sol Stice As A Part Of Their System Of Sun Or Nature Worship. In The Edda, The Sun Is Styled Fagrahvel ...
Zabern
Zabern (the Roman Tavern) Is The 'name Of Three German Towtis On The W. Side Of The Upper Rhine, One Of Which Was French Till 1870. The First Two Are In The Palatinate (rhenish I3avaria)—viz., Berg-zabern, A Town Of About 3,000 Inhabitants, On The Erlenbach, Occupied Chiefly With Agricultnre And ...
Zabism
Za'bism. In The Article On Sabmans (q.v.), We Spoke Chiefly Of Certain Inhabitants Of Arabia Felix, The " Sabaioi" Of The Greeks, Or " Sabmi" Of The Romans. It Appears That This Name Was, In The 4th C. A.d., Superseded By That Of Himyarites, And Belonged To Many Tribes, That ...
Zanbesi River And Region
Zanbe'si River And Region. The Extensive Region In S.e. Africa, Known To Medixval Geographers Under The General Name Of The Empire Of Monomotapa, Is Shown On Old Maps As Drained By A River Called Zambese, Or Zambere, On The Banks Of Which Appear Large Towns, Of Which The Mythical " ...
Zante
Zante (ancient Zacynth.us), One Of The Principal Ionian Islands, About 9 M. From The W. Coast Of The Morea, And 8 S. Of Cephalonia, Is About 24 In. Long, 12 Broad, And Has A Superficies Of 156 Sq. Miles. The Greater Part Of The Island Consists Of A Plain, Stretching ...
Zebra
Zebra, A Name Sometimes Given To All The Striped Equidm, All Of Which Are Natives Of South Africa, And Thus Including The Dauw (q.v.) And Quagga (q.v.); But Also In A More Restricted Use, Designatinn. A Single Species, Eqaus Or Asiaus Zebra, A Native Of The Menu Tainous Districts Of ...
Zedekiah
Zedeki'ah, Originally Matta:star, The Last King Of Judah, Son Of The "good Josiah" By His Wife Hamutal, Succeeded His Nephew Jehoiachin. The Latter Having Rebelled Against His Master, Nebuchadnezzar, King Of Babylon, Was Besieged In Jerusa Lem, And Taken Prisoner, After A Brief Reign Of Three Months. Nebuchadnezzar Bestowet The ...
Zedhariaii
Zedhari'aii, Called, In The Book Of Prophecy Which Goes Under His Name, "the Son Of Berechiah, The Sou Of Iddo," But In Ezra, "the Son Of Iddo," Was Born In Babylonia During The Captivity, And Accompanied The First Band Of Exiles On Their Return To Pales Tine Under Zerubbabel And ...
Zeeland
Zee'land, A Province Of The Netherlands, Consists Of The Islands Walcheren, North Beveland, South Beveland, Schouwen, Duiveland, Tholen, West Flanders, And East Flanders. It Lies Between 51° 20' And 51° 45' N. Lat., And 3° 21' And 4° 15' 54" E. Long.., And Has An Area Of 665 Sq. Miles. ...
Zeithiin
Zeithiin, A T. And District In The Highlands Of Cilicia, Lying In 37° To 38° N. Lat. And 34° To 35° E. Inhabited By A Community Of Armenian Christians, Virtually Independ Ent Of The Turkish Government, And Forming In Fact An Asiatic Republic. Zeithun Lies In Ut Upper Basin Of ...
Zenana
Zena'na, A Word Of Persian Origin, Signifying That Part Of The Domain Of A Native Gentleman Of India Occupied By The Women Of His Family. In Bengal, Where Is The Typical Zenana, The Dwelling Consists Of Two Houses Built Each Round Its Own Court. The One On The Street, Where ...
Zend
Zend,* The Language In' Which Are Composed The Ancient Sacred Books Of Zoroaster, First Became Known Through Anquetil-duperron (q.v.). Many Scholars Of Eminence, Like William Jones, Meiner. Henning, W. Erskine, And Others, Warmly Contested The Age Of These Writings. They Held That The Idiom In Which They Were Couched Had ...
Zeno
Zeno, Founder Of The Stoic Philosophy, Was Born At Chinni, In Cyprus. The Dates Of His Birth And Death Are Uncertain. He Flourished In The Early Part Of The 3d C. And Was A Contemporary Of Epicurus. His Father Was A Merchant, And On His Trading Voyages Brought Home With ...
Zettlenroda
Zettlenro'da, A T. Of The German Empire, In The Little Principality Of Reuss-greiz, 10 In. W. Of The Town Of Greiz, And 51 S.s.w. Of Leipsic, Stands On A High Plateau, In A Wooded Hilly District. Zeulenroda Has Suffered Severely At Various Times From Conflagra Tions, And Is Now Regularly ...
Zillerthal
Zillerthal, One Of The Principal Valleys Of The Tyrol, Traversed By The Ziller, Is About 50 M. Long. Toward The S. And S.w., It Is Bounded By Lofty Glaciers; But Toward The N., Where It Opens Into The Valley Of The Inn, It Is Tolerably Fertile. Among The Eight Secondary ...
Zimmerman
Zimmerman, Joh•nn Georg, A Native Of The Town Of Brugg, In The Swiss Canton •of Bern, In Which His Father Was A Senator, Was B. Dec. 8, 1728. He Was Educated At Home In The First Instance, And Afterward At Bern, Preparatory To His Going To The Uni Versity Of ...
Zincography
Zincography Is Essentially The Same Art As Lithography (q.v.), Zinc-plates Being Stituted For Those Of Stone. One Form Of The Art Is Described Under The Name Of Antista Tic Printing (see Printing). A Style Of It, Called Paneiconograpby, Brought Forward By Gillot Of Paris, For The Purpose Of Reproducing, By ...
Zinzendorf
Zinzendorf, Ntco1..1ls Ludwig. Count Von, The Founder Of The Existing Sect Of The Moravian Brethren. Or Rlerrnlitners. Was B. At Dresden, May 20, 1700. His Father, A Saxon State Minister, Dying While Ziuzeudorf Was A Child, The Was Educated By 'his Grandmother, A Learned And Pious Lady, The Baroness Von ...
Zitlitland
Zitlitland. The Country Lying N.e. Of The Colony Of Natal, Between Its E. Boundary, The Tugela And Umzimyati Rivers, And Delagoa Bay, Is Generally Known Under The Name Of Zululand, Or The Zulu Country, Inhabited By Tribes Of Zulu Kaffers. The Great Coast Chain Of Mountains, Which Form In The ...
Zodpacal Light
Zodpacal Light Is The Name Given To A Singular Appearance Seen After Sunset Or Before Sunrise, At All Seasons Of The Year In Low Latitudes, But Rarely In This Country, Except In March, April, And May In The Evenings, And Six Months Later In The Mornings. It Is Obviously Due ...
Zollverein
Zoll'verein (ger., "customs-union"), A Union Of Different Independent German States, Under The Leadership Of Prussia, So As To Enable Them, In Their Commer Cial Relations With Other Countries, To Act As One State. When, After The War Of Liberation In 1815, The Political Union, Destroyed By The Downfall Of "the ...
Zones
Zones (lat. Zone, A Girdle), Portions Of The Earth's Or Of A Planet's Surface, Chiefly In Form Of Belts Or Girdles, Divided By Parallels Of Latitude Which Are Defined By The Inclination Of The Plane Of The Planet's Eqnator To That Of Its Orbit, Or Ecliptic. The Plane Of The ...
Zoology
Zoology (gr. Soon, An Amimal, And Logos, A Discourse), The Science Which Has For Its Subject The Animal Kingdom (q.v). This Science, Itself A Branch Of Natural History (q.v.), Is Divided Into A Number Of Branches, Which Are Often Pursued As Distinct Sciences, The Subject Being Too Large To Be ...
Zorndorf
Zorn'dorf, A Village 4 English M. D. Of Kustrin, Was The Scene Of The Bloodiest Of The Many Desperate Conflicts Of The Seven Years' War (q.v.). The Russians Having For The Second Time Been Ordered By The Czarina Elizabeth To Invade Prussia, Advanced Toward Berlin, Commiting Frightful Devastations, While Frederick ...
Zosimits
Zosimits, Of Constantinople, A Greek Historian, Who Lived In The 5th C., A.d. He Wrote The History Of The Roman Emperors, In Six Books, From Augustus To 410 A.d. His Style Is Concise, Clear, And Interesting. He Seeks To Unfold The Causes Of The Decline Of The Empire, And Being ...
Zouaves
Zouaves (arab. Ztocura), A Body Of Troops In The French Army, Which Derives Its Name From A Tribe Of Kabyles, Inhabiting The Mountains Of Jurjura, In The Algerian Province Of Constantine. Long Previous To The Invasion Of Algiers By The French, These Kabyles Had Been Employed As Hired Mercenaries In ...
Zu Rich
Zu Rich, A Canton On The N.e. Frontier Of Switzerland,' Is Drained By The Rhine And Its Tributaries. Pop. '70, 284,786; '77, 296,815. It Is Traversed By Ridges Of Lofty Hills, Running N.w. And S.c., Between Which Lie Three Valleys, Forming Almost Its Whole Suiface—those Of The Toss, The Glatt, ...
Zuider Zee
Zuider Zee, A Large Gulf Penetrating Deep Into The Netherlands, Between 52° 26' And 53° 20' N. Lat., Is About 60 In. In Length, And 210 M. In Circumference. The Islands Texel, Vlieland, Ter Schelling, Ameland, And Schiermonnikoog, Reaching In A Chain From The Most Northern Point Of Holland, Are ...
Zutphen
Zut'phen, A Fortified T, In The Netherlands, Province Of Gelderland, Is Beautifully Situated On The Right Bank Of The Yssel, Where That River Is Joined By The Berkel, In A Picturesque District Of 'country, Chiefly Under Cultivation, And Variegated With Abundance Of Wood. It Is One Of The Oldest Towns ...
Zwingli
'zwingli, Hutton, One Of The Most Important Of The Reformers, Was B. Jan. 1, 1484, At Wildhaus, In The Canton Of St. Gall, Switzerland, And Was One Of Eight Sons Of The Amtmann Of That Place. He Studied First At Bern, Then At The University Of Vienna, Where He Devoted ...
Zymotic Diseases
Zymotic Diseases Have Been Already Referred To, And The Most Important Of Them Are Mentioned In The Article Nosolooy. The Class Of Diseases To Which Dr. Farr Has Assigned This Now Generally Accepted Term Comprises Those Which Are Epidemic, Endemic, And Contagious, As. For Example, Fever, Small-pox, Plague, Influenza, Cholera, ...