MANILA BAY; PHILIPPINE ISLANDS; PORTO RICO; SANTIAGO; SPANISH-AMERI .JAN WAR; and the various names of persons and places that became promi nent in the war.
In the presidential campaign of 1900 there were eight tickets 'n the field: Re publican, William McKinley and Theo dore Roosevelt; Democratic, William J. Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson; Prohi bition, John G. Woolley and Henry B. Metcalf ; Middle-of-the-Road or Anti-Fu sion Peoples', Wharton Barker and Ig natius Donnelly; Social Democratic, Eugene V. Debs and Job Harriman; So cial Labor, Joseph F. Malloney and Val entine Remmel; United Christian, J. F. R. Leonard and John G. Woolley; and Union Reform, Seth H. Ellis and Samuel T. Nicholas. The election gave the Re publican candidates 7,208,224 popular and 292 electoral votes, and the Demo cratic candidates, 6,358,789 popular and 155 electoral votes. On Sept. 6, 1901, while attending the Pan-American Ex position in Buffalo, N. Y., President Mc Kinley was shot twice by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist, and died from his injuries on the 14th. Immediately thereafter Vice-President Roosevelt took the oath of office as President. In February March, 1902, Prince Henry of Prussia, brother of the Emperor of Germany and an admiral in the German navy, visited the United States. In 1904 the Repub lican ticket, led by President McKinley's Vice-President, Mr. Roosevelt, was tri umphantly elected with a popular major ity of 2,500,000.
The administration of President Roose velt was marked by the passage of many important measures through Congress. The Federal Government, under the guidance of the President, was especially active against combinations in restraint of trade, discriminations by railroads and the payment by them of rebates to fa vored shippers. As the result of an in vestigation carried on by various Gov ernment commissions, suits were brought against the Northern Securities Co., a holding company for the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific railroads, and this combination was declared illegal and was dissolved by the Supreme Court in 1904. The beef trust was prosecuted and declared illegal in the following year.
During the 59th Congress, many impor tant measures were passed along the lines indicated above. These included a bill for the regulation of railways, a rigid meat inspection law, and a pure food bill. Other measures provided for the establishment of the Bureau of Im migration, the restriction of Japanese immigration, and the passage of the Al drich-Vreeland Act, making provision for a monetary commission.
The great fire and earthquake in San Francisco occurred in April, 1906. In the year previous, through the good offices of President Roosevelt, the meeting of the Russian and Japanese peace commis sioners, at Portsmouth, N. H., resulted in a treaty of peace between the two countries, on September 5, 1905. The United States was obliged to intervene in Cuba owing to an insurrection in that country, and a provisional government was established on September 29, 1906. A customs treaty with Santo Domingo was ratified in 1907. Threatened fric tion with Japan over conditions in the Orient, especially in China, was averted by an agreement between Elihu Root, Secretary of State, and the Japanese Minister. This agreement provided for the continuance of the "open door" in China, and pledged both governments to consultation before these policies should be changed.
The President's aggressive attitude in favor of reform measures brought about sharp opposition, especially in the Senate, on the part of the leaders of the conserv ative element. This resulted in the ig noring by Congress of many of the pol icies advocated by the President.
President Roosevelt had plainly indi cated that he favored William H. Taft, Secretary of War, as his successor. As a result of this support and the popular approval of Taft, he was easily nomi nated in the Republican National Con vention. The Democrats nominated William J. Bryan for president and J. W. Kern of Indiana for vice-president. In the voting, Taft was elected by a pop ular vote of 7,690,006 to 6,409,106 for Bryan. Taft received 321 electoral votes, with 162 for Bryan.