Copper, sulphate of, is used with limo to pro duce a shade of light blue, principally in leather dyeing. Verdigris, a subacetate of copper, the zangar of the bazars, is occasionally used tu calico printing.
Coscinium fenestrattun, a climber of the western forests of India, grows wild. Its roots and stems contain a quantity of yellow colouring matter similar in property to that of turmeric, and yields its colour to water ; sells at 3 to 5 aortas the pontal in the bazars of S. Inclia. It is used also tnedicinally.
Crocus Cashmeriattus of Kashmir yields the saffron. The saffron of C. satirus, as a costnetie, is largely imported into India from Europe.
Curcutna zerumbet root, powdered and mixed with the powder of sappan wo(xl, forms one of the atm- red powders which Hindus throw about during the holi festival, as with the Con fetti at Rome.
Cyperus longus and C. pertennis furnish the nagar-motha roota used by dyers to perfume cloth.
Datisca cannabina roots give a yellow dye.
Delphinium ajacia furnishea the asbarg dye ; a decoction of the flowers and stalks give a sulphur yellow (lye to silk, known as gandhaki ; also used in calico printing. D. speciosa flowers are simi larly used.
Diospyros 'twills. The celebrated shall black vegetable dye is tnade from its fruit. It grows on the tnountains that separate the province of Tavoy from the Siamese territories. Isolated plants may be seen in the gardens of 'favoy and 'Moulmein.
Earth. A soft, drab-coloured kiud of fuller's earth, called Multaui mitti, is used in the I'anjab for dyeing cotton cloth various shades of buff and brown. It is also used in lieu of aoap for washing the hair and body.
Black mud from the bottom of tanks and old rice swamps, with tho gum of Acacia Arabica and myrobalans, is used as a dye to produce a shade of blue-black. It is used alike for coarser cottons, blankets, and carpets, and for the finer silks. The fabric is dipped in the mud and a decoction or infusion of myrobalan.
Emblica officinalis produces the Aonla fruit, which yields a blackish dye. It is pounded and boiled with water, and the cloth is dipped into the decoction to obtain the colour called abunsi, a shade of blue-black. When mixed with myro
balan and sulphate of iron, a black colour is obtained. The leaves are used for tanning leather, and sell at Rs. 4 the cwt.
Eugenia jambolana bark is used as a monlant for blue or black dyes.
Eupliorbia tirucalli is the milk-hedge plant of Southern India. Ita ashes aro used its an alkali in dyeing, and form an ingredient of tho red dye with chaproot. It is also said to enter into various other dyeing receipts.
Ficus religiosa. The pipal tree roots are boiled in water, and with alum impart to cotton cloth a very pale pink colour.
Garcinia gambogin. The Toung-tha-lai or Pay yai-shin of the Burmese, yields a gum-resin which can be dissolved in spirits of turpentine, and affords a beautiful permanent yellow varnish for metallic surfaces.
Garcinia mangostana, tho mangosteen. Tho rind of its fruit is used for dyeing black.
Gardenia florida. In Japan, inaterials for dye ing are taken from a specaes of Betula, and from the Gardenia florida.
Glycyrrhim glabra is the liquorice plant. Its wood is used in calico printing to the Panjab.
Gossypiutu Indicutn, the cotton plant ; its flowers are used in the Manipuri district as a yellow dye.
Grislea tomentosa, a shrub of all India, yields tho red godari or dhauri flowers, and these and the leaves are used in dyeing,—the leaves in dyeing sheep-skins and leatherred , and the flowers (dhami) in Northern India, along with morinda bark, also as a red dye. In Kandesh the flowers form a considerable article of commerce inland as a dye.
Hedichium spicatum, the Ka.-pur Kachri, grows in China and the sub-Himalayan forests. It is made into a decoction along with Charila, Parmelia Kamtschadalis, and Nagor-matha (Cyperus longus), and used in dyeing and calico printing to impart fragyance to the cloth. It is also used, like camphor, to preserve fabrics from insects.
Hedyotis umbellata of Lamarck is the Olden laridia umbellata of Linnmus. It furnishes the chay-roots; extensively used by dyers in the south of India. It has been tried in Great Britain, but has not been successful, owing, as it is supposed, to deterioration of the chay-root during the voyage.