Kajakzai are descended from a Kakar chief, who fled to the vicinity of Sibi in Baluchistan. They number 700 to 1000 fighting men.
Khuttuk tribe, with 15,000 fighting men, occupy the hills south of Peshawur to Kushalghar and Kalabagh on the Indus.
The Mangal is a considerable tribe in the southern and upper portions of the Kuram valley, and also those of the Zurmat. They are said to possess 200 forts, 500 black tents, and 8000 fighting men. They are said to be thievish. They have several sections.
Marwati or Maorati, a brave tribe of Pathans in the Marwat division of the Banu district, number ing 42,725 souls in 1868, with fighting men estimated at from 5500. They are one of the finest races, Trans-Indus, tall, muscular, fair, and often rosy cheeked. They are of pure Afghan blood, a branch of the Lohani tribe. Their khel or sections are the Bahram, Dreplara, Musa, Tapi Nuna, and Jhandu. They are bold, manly, simple, and up right, deeply attached to their sandy villages and reed huts, frank and friendly with strangers. Their country is arid ; they have few wells, but form tanks, and one village has to go 14f miles for water.
Kafristan, called by its own people Wamastan, is a country on the north of Afghanistan, bounded by the crest of the Hindu Kush between Kashkar ridge and the Farhan ridge, and occupying the valley of the Chigar Same. The race occupying it are known as the Siah Posh, lit. black clothes, and in the Chigar Same are independent. No European has visited the race. The soil of the valley is fertile, producing wheat and barley, and the mountains are clothed with forest trees, the growth of ages. Cultivation is carried on by the men and women, who till, sow, and reap, using a pointed stick of hard wood, and a three-pronged fork ; they have oxen where the country is open, but the hill tracts are terraced, and the soil is turned with hand labour. The principal crops are sown in spring and reaped in autumn. They ex port a few slaves and forest products, and import small-wares. They levy a tax (Kalang) on the Muhammadans and Nimchah on their borders. Kafir slaves are much prized for their fidelity and courage, and the Barakzai family retained them as their confidential body-servants. The labouring
tribe amongst them is called Bari. They erect rope bridges across the streams and ravines, of ropes made of goats' hair. The form of government is that of patriarchal republic. They practise the vendetta, they make forays, and kill all Muham madans whom they encounter.
The Siah Posh have been conjectured to be descendants from the Greek followers of Alex ander, also from the Arab tribe of Koresh, hut Lumsden supposes them to be aborigines driven from the plains. Their language is of Sanskrit origin. They have several tribes, amongst whom are the Katti, Kamoz, Waegal, and the Kam or Kampar. They are fair, some of them with blue eyes, but others with Mongoloid features. They are social, drink wine freely. They are polygam ists. The ages for their marriages are, for men, 20 to 25 years ; and women, 16 to 20. Women are kept in a separate building periodically, also on childbirth, both of these Veing Hindu customs. The dead are placed in a box, which is left on the top or side of a hill, which is a Tibetan and Zoro astrian practice. They are idol-worshippers, the figures being those of a man or woman. Dog-an is their chief deity ; and Mahadeo, Bruk, Kantaar, Pane Truskai, and Euinrai are his incarnations.
The Utah is a priestly class, and the Dil are sooth sayers. They sacrifice sheep, goats, and cattle. They eat everything except carnivorous animals. They sit on chairs and stools, like the people of Lughman and the Kliugiani. They ornament their houses with carvings. Timur in A.D. 1398, Sultan Muhammad Mirza in A.D. 1453, Baber A.D. 1507, and others, made inroads against them, but with only doubtful successes. Some of thorn, in the time of the Emperor Jahangir, were converted to Muhammadanism. 'rho Chanak tribe inhabit the valley of Mukah, west of Islamabad in Lainghan, and S. of Duhmiah in the Sakai Darn ; they have become Muhammadans. The Duhtuk principally occupy the country on the borders of Chitral.