LANGUAGES in use in Baluchistan, are Brah uiki or Kur-Gali, Baluchki, Jatki, and Persian, but only the last - named is a written tongue. Considered as a whole, Dr. Caldwell regards the Brahuiki language as derived from the same source as the Panjabi and Sindi, but it unquestionably contains a Dravidian element, derived, in his opinion, from a remnant of the ancient Dravidian race having been incorporated with the Brahui. Frbm the discovery of this element beyond the Indus river, he adopted the opinion that the Dravidians, like the Aryans, the Greco-Seythians, and the Turco-Mongolians, entered India by the north-west route. The Brahuiki language, accord ing to Mr. (Sir George) Campbell, is mainly Aryan (Indo-Persic), with a Turanian element, The Brabuiki or Kur-Gali is spoken by the tribes of Salutrawan and Jhalawan, from Shah or Quetta in the north to Jhalawan in the south, and from Harrand in the east to Kohak in the west. Baluchki is spoken by several of the Jhalawan and Rind tribes, as the Minglial and Bizanju, also by the Brahui Khan of Kalat, and by his sirdars or chiefs, who consider Brahuiki as vulgar.
The structure of the modern Baluch language does not seem to warrant belief that any other than Persian was the parent stem. Philologists concur in opinion that the Baluehki is a tongue of the Aryan or Sanskrit stock, in which Persian, Sindi, Panjabi, and Sanskrit words recur ; and that the Brahuiki belongs to the Scythic or Turanian, or Tamulian, or Dravidian stock. Lieutenant Pottinger mentions that the Baluch tongue partakes considerably of the idiom of the Persian, being at least one-half of its words borrowed from that language, but greatly disguised under a corrupt and unaccountable pronunciation. Dr. Latham classes the Baluch language with the Persian, but considers it as a modified form.
The Jat, who form the principal part of the population of Cutch Gandava, speak the Jatki language. Indeed, from Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, the Panjab, to Sindh and Cutch Gandava, between the Sutlej and the Ganges, the Jat everywhere preserve their own, the Jatki tongue.
The FRONTIER of British India, both beyond and withinthe British border, has many martial tribes, many of them with democratic forms of government. They may be thus shown :— Independent Tribes along the outer face of the N.W. Panjab Frontier, and inhabiting hills— Adjoining Hamra district—Hasanzai, 2000.
Adjoining Peshawur districts — Judoon, Bunoorwal, Swat', Ranizai, Usman Khail, Upper Mohmand, 16,000 to 19,700.
Adjoining Peshawur and Kohat districts—Afridi, 15,000 to 20,000.
Adjoining Kohat district—Buzoti, 500; Sipah, 300; Orakzai, 20,000 to 25,000; Zymukht, 5000; Turi, 5500.
Adjoining Kohat and Dehra Ismail Khan districts Waziri, 20,000 to 30,000.
Adjoining Dehra Ismail Khan district — Sheorani, 10,000; Oshterani, 1000; Kusrani, 1200; Bozdar, 4000.
Adjoining Dehra Gbazi Khan district—Khutran, 3000 ; Kosah, 5600 ; Lughari, 5120 ; Gurchani, 2000 ; Murree, 3000 to 4700; Bugti, 1200.
The independent tribes are estimated to have about 128,000 fighting men, but there have been few instances of anything like combination among them, and the mountain hosts can only be kept together for a few days at a time, as each one has to carry his own four or five days' supply of pro visions. After annexation of the Panjab, several independent tribes harassed the border tribes of British India, and expeditions were undertaken for,their repression ; but their leading men have in later been able to retain their tribes to their agreements, and the British frontier is enjoying rest.
Bareehi, a simple, inoffensive clan, numbering about 3000 families, who occupy the valley of Shorawak. Their camels are numerous. They are at enmity with the Baluch on their south.
Jadran, a Pathan tribe of Sunni Muhammadans who inhabit the eastern slopes of the main Suliman range. They are slightly made, but hardy, and small parties annually visit Banu and work as coolies. They are nomades, little above the savage state ; have no cattle, tents, nor large towns, but travel with all their goods on their backs.