The Chagliarzai and Hasanzai are the first Pathan neighbours of the British to the north, inhabiting a mountain tract on the east bank of the Indus, known as the Black Mountain. The Chagh arzai inhabit both banks of the Indus above Buner. They are said to have above 7800 fighting men, and are in three clans,—the Nasrat, Firozai, and Basi Khel. Their spring (rabi) crops are wheat, barley, masur, and tobacco, and their kharif or I autumn crops, maize, rice, and mat'h beans. Their wealth is in cows, buffaloes, and goats. They are thorough mountaineers, hardy and brave above all the neighbouring tribes.
Passing to the west of the Indus are the Mudah Khel and Amami. The Mudah Khel are to the north of Amb, the principal town of the Tunawal chief.
The Mahaban mountain infringes on the Indus, where it washes the British frontier district of Hazara. The Mahaban has many tribes around it. It is a peak in the extreme corner of the Yusufzai country. It is on the right bank of the Indus, at the east end of the spur of the Ham range, which divides the drainage of Buner from that of the Yusufzai plains. It is clothed with forest trees, chiefly fir, with luxuriant herbage, and is generally suited to the requirements of a pastoral race ; it is also terraced and cultivated.
The Amami inhabit the eastern slopes of the Mahaban mountain.
The village of Malka, in the Amazai country, is situated on a plateau on the N.W. of the Mahaban mountain, and was selected by Hindustani fanatics as a settlement On the inner side of Mahaban it has easy communication with the Amazai, the Mada Khel, Chagharzai, and Hasanzai ; and the Khudu Khel, Utmanzai, and Jadun are close at hand and easily reached. In 1863 an expedition was sent to destroy Malka, from which resulted a campaign in Ambela, and the Bunerwal ultimately under took to burn Malka, and expel the fanatics from Buner, Chamla, and the Amazai the west bank of the Indus to the Pihur ferry, we come to the amphitheatre of hills which environ the Peshawur district, in which are a considerable number of tribes. The Jadun or Gadun are the first nearest to the Indus, cunning and intriguing. After them are the Buner or Bunerwal, the Swati, the Mohmand, and Bajauri, who opposed the British in the Ambela cam i pagn.
The Jadun or Gadun of Gadunia dwell south of the Hasanzai, partly on the slopes of the Mahaban mountain, partly in the Hazara district. They are supposed to have been a clan of Kakar Afghans who had been driven to take refuge in the Safed Koh, and afterwards in Hazara and Chach. They have two divisions,—the Salar, who possess 12 villages of 2530 houses, and the Mansur of 18 villages. None of the villages are walled, but a few have towers. The tribe are cultivators and
cattle-owners, and their buffaloes are celebrated. They boast of having 12,000 fighting men, but about 2800 is the supposed true number they could turn out. In 1861 they annoyed the British frontier by sheltering Hindustani fanatics at Satana, but they entered into an agreement to live peaceably. Subsequently, however, they invited the fanatics to return, and on the 15th July 1863 they were subjected to a blockade ; and Colonel Wilde, C.B., led a force against them, arriving at Maini on the 30th December, and on the 5th January 1864 fresh agreements were entered into. Their con duct continued to be so unsatisfactory, that on the 15th June 1870 they were again blockaded. During July and August they kept the border in agitation, but on the 10th September they came to terms, their Jirgah or council agreeing to pay a fine of Rs. 3285, and give security for Rs. 1500 more. A'few of the Jadun are serving as soldiers in the British Indian army.
Satana. Swat Races, viz. :— Ranizai.
Ambela Pass. Panjkora. 1llalizai. Deshi.
Laluani. Akozai. Baizai. Garwi.
Swat River. Khwazozai. Maturizai.
„ Kohistan.1 Osman Khel. • Musa Khel.
' , Passes. I Bajawar. Nakbi Jibe].
Samna is a village on the right bank of the Indus river, at the east foot of the Mahaban mountain, 13 miles above Topi. The village was originally made over by the Utmanzai to. Syud Zaman, from Takhta-band in Buner. His de scendants allied themselves to Syud Ahmad, who settled in Satana, and they aided him in all his ambitious struggles to establish a 1Vahabi empire of Muhammadan reformers on the Peshawur border. The ablest of the Satana Syuds was Syud Akbar, who, in 1849 or 1850 was chosen to be badshab or _king of Swat. He died in May 1857 ; and two leaders rose, viz. Syud Mubarak Shah, a son of the deceased Syud Akbar, and Syud Umar, who kept a gang of thieves. The refugees from Hindustan had one or two mulvi, but no one of reputation. Not content with the church lands, the. Syuds of Satana demanded tithes from the Utmanzai, who resisted their attempt to cut their grain crops. Syud Umar was shot, and Syud Mubarak was wounded in the foot, and the Syuds and men of Hindustan were expelled. After the destruction of the Hindustani settlements at Mangal Thana, a force under Sir Sydney Cotton, in 1858 attacked and defeated them, Also, in 1863, on its removal to Malka, on the opposite slopes of the mountain, on the 26th of August 1868, a large body of the Swati attacked and defeated the Wahabi Hindustani, and drove them into the country of the Chagharzai, Trans Indus, east of the Buncr valley.