While only a comparatively small proportion of the newly established states have-progressed to a point at which it is practicable to state in any detail their physical, industrial, fmancial or commercial condition and possibilities, it seems proper to state the new facts now available vrith reference to those for whidi such material can be presented.
Poland.— While no exact figures are avail able at present as to the area or population of Poland, an estimate by Polish authorities puts the total area at 135,000 square miles and a population of 36,000,000. iro the area formerly known as Polish Russia is now added those territories ethnographically Polish but which were long ago detached and annexed by other states. This would include a large part of Upper Silesia, East Prussia, Galicia, Posen, and perhaps a part of Lithuania. Coal, iron ore, zinc, lead, potassium salt and rock oil are among the minerals; the agricultural products include wheat, rye, oats, barley, potatoes and sugar beets; and in the industries, those of tex tiles and iron and.steel are the most important. Danzig on the Baltic, formerly in German ter ritory, is to be by order of the Peace Confer ence constituted th6 °Free State of Danzig* under the guaranty of the League of Nanons but to be included within the Polish CUStOMS frontier and Poland is to have, the use of the city's docks and waterways, Germany must also concede to Poland the privilege of railroad communication across German territory to Dan zig, thus assuring Poland of a permanent port.
Ultroittia.— The Ukrainian Peoples Republic, proclaimed on 21 Nov. 1917, liei imme diately north of the Black Sea with Odessa as its principal port. Its area is estimated at about 216,000 square miles and with a popula tion of approximately 30,030,000. A consider able part of Ukrainia belongs to the Black Soil Region of Russia and its agricultural products, wheat and other cereals, sugar beets, potatoes and food animals, are thus important, while the fact that the deposits of iron ore were looked upon as the most important in all of Russia and with rich coal deposits in the Donetz Basin gives promise of industrial and commercial ac tivity for the Republic of Ukrainia.
Czecho-Slovakia.— The Czecho-Slovak Re public was declared on 28 Oct. 1918. It coin prises two branches of the same nation, the 7,000,000 Czechs of Bohemia, Iforavia and Si • lesia, and the 3,000,000 Slovaks in Upper Hum. gary who speak a dialect of Czech. It includes Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Slovsdcia with on estimated are!' of 60,000 square miles and a population estimated at about 13,000,000. About 5,000,000 are Bohemians, 3,000,000 Slovaks; 2,000,000 Moravians, and 2,500,000 Germans; Its principal city and capital, Prague, has a population of about 500.000. The agricultural area is looked upon as one of the most impor tant in interior Europe, supplying large quanti ties of sugar beets, potatoes and other impor tant czops. The coal mines are considered exceptionally valuable and the manufacturing Industries were highly developed prior to the war, the marker of factories in operation have been upward of 5,000. Czecho-Slovalcia has no ocean frontage, though it is expected that an agreement will be made for its per manent use of a harbor on the Adriatic with railroad facilities guaranteed through inter vening territory and similar privileges are pro vided at Hamburg and Stettin.
Jugo-Slavia.— Jugo-Slavia, which includes within its borders the Slavic peoples of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, and certain parts of the former Adriatic frontage of Hungary com bined with Serbia and Montenegro, will have an area of approximately 85,000 square miles •and a population of about 10,000,000, with frontage upon the Adriatic. Its producing pow ers agriculturally are little more than sufficient to meet the requirements of the population and manufacturing has not yet been actively de veloped.
Of the numerous other groups which have been declared independent political units, little can at present be said other than to state the estimated area, population, ethnic stock of the people, date of establishment, form of govern ment, and countries which contributed the area, and these facts are presented in the table on the preceding page, though it is proper to add that in many instances the figures of area and popu lation are necessarily estimated.